Malus kirghisorum Türüne Ait Elma Genotiplerinde Karaleke Hastalığına Toleransın Moleküler Markırlar ile Belirlenmesi
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 74 - 78, 01.12.2023
Aydın Uzun
,
Şeyma Koçyiğit
,
Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz
Abstract
Orta Asya elmanın anavatan bölgelerinden biri olup geniş bir varyasyona sahiptir. Kırgızistan elmanın Orta Asya'daki önemli genetik kaynak bölgelerinden biridir. Ülkede diğer meyve türlerinin yanı sıra önemli miktarda doğal elma popülasyonu bulunmaktadır. Bu popülasyonlar içerisinde bölgeye has bazı elma türleri de ter almaktadır. Bu türlerden biri de, Malus kirghisorum’dur. Doğal elma popülasyonlarının stres faktörlerine dayanıklılık, meyve özellikleri vb. gibi konular için genetik kaynak olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Ancak bu materyallerde kayıpların olduğu ve bu zengin çeşitliliğin kaybolma tehlikesi olduğu bildirilmektedir.
Elma üretiminde karşılaşılan önemli problemlerden biri hastalıklardır. Bunlar içinde elma için en fazla problem olan karaleke (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) hastalığıdır. Hastalığa karşı en iyi çözüm, dayanıklı elma çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda karalekeye dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi için, hastalığa dayanıklı ebeveynlerin olması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan orijinli M. kirghisorum genotiplerinin moleküler markırlar ile, karalekeye toelranslık durumları incelenmiştir. Sekiz karaleke dayanıklılık geni ile ilişkili toplam 12 adet markırla çalışılmıştır. Genotiplerde, bu markırlardan 2 ile 8 arasında bant elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, M. kirghisorum genotipleri arasında karaleke toleransı bakımından yüksek düzeyde bir varyasyon olduğunu ortay koymaktadır. Ortaya konulan sonuçlar, bu türdeki genotiplerin hastalık toleransları ve muhtemel ıslah materyali olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelleri konusunda bilgi vermektedir.
Supporting Institution
Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
FYL-2020-10206
Thanks
Çalışmaya katkılarından dolayı Doç. Dr. Hasan PINAR, Dr. Merve Arefe YİĞİT, Nureddin Furkan ÇİFTÇİ ve Şule ALKAN’ a teşekkür ederiz. Bu yayına konu projeyi (Proje Kodu: FYL-2020-10206) destekleyerek, çalışmaların yürütülmesini sağlayan Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine çok teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Belete, T., Boyraz, B., 2017. Critical Review on Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) Biology, Epidemiology, Economic Importance, Management and Defense Mechanisms to the Causal Agent. Journal of Plant Physiology and Pathology 5: 2.
- Choupannejad, R., Sharifnabi, B., Bahar, M., Talebi, M., 2018. Searching for resistance genes to Venturia inaequalis in wild and domesticapples in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 232: 107–111.
- Djanibekov, U., Villamor, G.B., Dzhakypbekova, K., Chamberlain, J., Xu, J., 2016. Adoption of sustainable land uses in post-Soviet Central Asia: The case for agroforestry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8:1-16.
- Doyle, J.J., Doyle J.L., 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15.
- Dzunusova, M., Apasov, R., Mammadov, A., 2008. National Report on the State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan, submitted by KR to the Second Report on the State of World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO.
- Erdin, N., Tartarini, S., Broggini, G., Gennari, F., Sansavini, S., Gessler, C., Patocchi, A., 2006. Mapping of the apple scab-resistance gene Vb. Genome 49(10): 1238-1245. .
- FAO., 2021. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
- Forsline, P.L, Aldwinckle, H.S, Dickson, E.E., Luby, J.J., Hokanson, S.C., 2010. Collection, maintenance,
characterization, and utilization of wild apples of central Asia. In: Janick J, Forsline PhL, Dickson E.E, Thompson
- M, Way R.D, (Eds). Horticultural Reviews: wild apple and fruit trees of Central Asia, vol 29. Wiley, New York, pp 1–61.
- Gygax, M., Gianfranceschi L., Liebhard R., Kellerhals M., Gessler C., Patocchi A., 2004. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistance gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109: 1702–1709. .
- Hemmat, M., Brown S.K., Weeden , N.F., 2002. Tagging and mapping scab resistance genes from R12740-7A apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127:365–370. .
- Kaçal, E., Yıldırım, F.A., 2011. Karalekeye Dayanıklı Elma Çeşit Islahındaki Gelişmeler (Advances in Breeding of Scab Resistant Apple Varieties) Derim 28(2): 14-26
- Kaymak, S., İşçi, M., Özongun, Ş., Özgönen, H., 2015. Determination of reaction levels of some apple genetic resources in Turkey to Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.). Bitki Koruma Bülteni 56(2): 227 – 241.
- Kaymak S., Boyraz N., Daniels J., 2016. Molecular markers to evaluate genetic diversity among Venturia inaequalis isolates obtained from apple plantations in Isparta Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40: 489-498. .
- Kaymak S., Kaçal E., Öztürk, Y., 2013. Screening breeding apple progenies with Vf apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) disease resistance gene specific molecular markers. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin 91: 361-365.
- Liebhard R.X., 2003. Genetic dissection of physiological traits and scab resistance in apple (Malus x domestica (Borkh.)) into quantitative trait loci using an SSR based genetic linkage map. PhD Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.
- Padmarasu, S., SargentD.J., JaenschM., KellerhalsM., Tartarini, S., Velasco, R., Troggio, M., Patocchi, A., 2014. Fine-mapping of the apple scab resistance locus Rvi12 (Vb) derived from ‘Hansen’s baccata# 2’. Molecular Breeding 34: 2119-2129. .
- Papp, D., Gao, L., Thapa, R., Olmstead, D., Khan, A., 2020. Field apple scab susceptibility of a diverse Malus germplasm collection identifies potential sources of resistance for apple breeding. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience 1: 16. .
- Patocchi, A., Frei, A., Frey, J., Kellerhals, M., 2009. Towards improvement of marker assisted selection of apple scab resistant cultivars: Venturia inaequalis virulence surveys and standardization of molecular marker alleles associated with resistance genes. Molecular Breeding 24: 337–347..
- Tartarini, S., Gianfranceschi, L., Sansavini, S., Gessler, C., 1999. Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. Plant Breeding 118: 183–186. .
- Uzun, A., Koçyiğit, Ş., Pınar, H., Turgunbaev, K., Kaymak, S., 2023. Selection of Central Asian Apple Species for Scab Resistance Genes using Molecular Markers. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 110 (3): 245–254.
- Volk, G.M, Richards, C.M, Henk, A.D., Reiley, A., Miller, D.D., Forsline L.P., 2009. Novel diversity identified in a wild apple population from the Kyrgyz Republic. Hortscience 44: 516–518
- Wilson B., Mills M., Kulikov M., Clubbe C., 2019. The future of walnut–fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana. Oryx 533: 415–423.
Determination of Tolerance to Scab Disease in Apple Genotypes of Malus kirghisorum Species using Molecular Markers
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 74 - 78, 01.12.2023
Aydın Uzun
,
Şeyma Koçyiğit
,
Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz
Abstract
Central Asia is one of the homeland regions of apples and has a large variation. Kyrgyzstan is one of the prominent genetic resources regions of apple in Central Asia. The country has a significant natural population of apples, as well as other fruit species. Some apple species specific to the region are also included in these populations. One of these species is Malus kirghisorum. It has been stated that natural apple populations can be a genetic source for issues such as tolerance to stress factors and fruit parameters. However, it is reported that there are losses in these materials and there is a risk of losing this rich diversity.
One of the important problems encountered in apple production is diseases. Among these, the most problematic disease for apples is scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.). The best solution against the disease is the development and use of resistant apple cultivars. In this context, for developing scab-resistant cultivars, it is necessary to have disease-resistant parents. In this study, the tolerance to black spot of M. kirghisorum genotypes originating from Kyrgyzstan was examined using molecular markers. A total of 12 markers associated with eight scab resistance genes were studied. Between 2 and 8 bands of these markers were obtained in the genotypes. The study reveals a high level of variation in scab tolerance among M. kirghisorum genotypes. The results provided prominent information about the disease tolerance of genotypes in this species and their potential to be used as breeding material.
Project Number
FYL-2020-10206
References
- Belete, T., Boyraz, B., 2017. Critical Review on Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis) Biology, Epidemiology, Economic Importance, Management and Defense Mechanisms to the Causal Agent. Journal of Plant Physiology and Pathology 5: 2.
- Choupannejad, R., Sharifnabi, B., Bahar, M., Talebi, M., 2018. Searching for resistance genes to Venturia inaequalis in wild and domesticapples in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 232: 107–111.
- Djanibekov, U., Villamor, G.B., Dzhakypbekova, K., Chamberlain, J., Xu, J., 2016. Adoption of sustainable land uses in post-Soviet Central Asia: The case for agroforestry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8:1-16.
- Doyle, J.J., Doyle J.L., 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15.
- Dzunusova, M., Apasov, R., Mammadov, A., 2008. National Report on the State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Kyrgyzstan, submitted by KR to the Second Report on the State of World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, FAO.
- Erdin, N., Tartarini, S., Broggini, G., Gennari, F., Sansavini, S., Gessler, C., Patocchi, A., 2006. Mapping of the apple scab-resistance gene Vb. Genome 49(10): 1238-1245. .
- FAO., 2021. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
- Forsline, P.L, Aldwinckle, H.S, Dickson, E.E., Luby, J.J., Hokanson, S.C., 2010. Collection, maintenance,
characterization, and utilization of wild apples of central Asia. In: Janick J, Forsline PhL, Dickson E.E, Thompson
- M, Way R.D, (Eds). Horticultural Reviews: wild apple and fruit trees of Central Asia, vol 29. Wiley, New York, pp 1–61.
- Gygax, M., Gianfranceschi L., Liebhard R., Kellerhals M., Gessler C., Patocchi A., 2004. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistance gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109: 1702–1709. .
- Hemmat, M., Brown S.K., Weeden , N.F., 2002. Tagging and mapping scab resistance genes from R12740-7A apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127:365–370. .
- Kaçal, E., Yıldırım, F.A., 2011. Karalekeye Dayanıklı Elma Çeşit Islahındaki Gelişmeler (Advances in Breeding of Scab Resistant Apple Varieties) Derim 28(2): 14-26
- Kaymak, S., İşçi, M., Özongun, Ş., Özgönen, H., 2015. Determination of reaction levels of some apple genetic resources in Turkey to Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.). Bitki Koruma Bülteni 56(2): 227 – 241.
- Kaymak S., Boyraz N., Daniels J., 2016. Molecular markers to evaluate genetic diversity among Venturia inaequalis isolates obtained from apple plantations in Isparta Province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40: 489-498. .
- Kaymak S., Kaçal E., Öztürk, Y., 2013. Screening breeding apple progenies with Vf apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) disease resistance gene specific molecular markers. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin 91: 361-365.
- Liebhard R.X., 2003. Genetic dissection of physiological traits and scab resistance in apple (Malus x domestica (Borkh.)) into quantitative trait loci using an SSR based genetic linkage map. PhD Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.
- Padmarasu, S., SargentD.J., JaenschM., KellerhalsM., Tartarini, S., Velasco, R., Troggio, M., Patocchi, A., 2014. Fine-mapping of the apple scab resistance locus Rvi12 (Vb) derived from ‘Hansen’s baccata# 2’. Molecular Breeding 34: 2119-2129. .
- Papp, D., Gao, L., Thapa, R., Olmstead, D., Khan, A., 2020. Field apple scab susceptibility of a diverse Malus germplasm collection identifies potential sources of resistance for apple breeding. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience 1: 16. .
- Patocchi, A., Frei, A., Frey, J., Kellerhals, M., 2009. Towards improvement of marker assisted selection of apple scab resistant cultivars: Venturia inaequalis virulence surveys and standardization of molecular marker alleles associated with resistance genes. Molecular Breeding 24: 337–347..
- Tartarini, S., Gianfranceschi, L., Sansavini, S., Gessler, C., 1999. Development of reliable PCR markers for the selection of the Vf gene conferring scab resistance in apple. Plant Breeding 118: 183–186. .
- Uzun, A., Koçyiğit, Ş., Pınar, H., Turgunbaev, K., Kaymak, S., 2023. Selection of Central Asian Apple Species for Scab Resistance Genes using Molecular Markers. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 110 (3): 245–254.
- Volk, G.M, Richards, C.M, Henk, A.D., Reiley, A., Miller, D.D., Forsline L.P., 2009. Novel diversity identified in a wild apple population from the Kyrgyz Republic. Hortscience 44: 516–518
- Wilson B., Mills M., Kulikov M., Clubbe C., 2019. The future of walnut–fruit forests in Kyrgyzstan and the status of the iconic Endangered apple Malus niedzwetzkyana. Oryx 533: 415–423.