FARKLI KISA SÜRELİ BELLEK UZAMLARINA SAHİP ÖĞRENCİLERİN FARKLI DİKKAT TASARIMINA SAHİP ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINDAKİ GÖZ HAREKETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 588 - 614, 31.07.2019

Arif Akçay , Arif Altun

https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.568192

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Öğrenme ortamlarında öğrencinin dikkatinin asıl bilgiye
odaklanması ve dikkatinin bölünmemesi için bilgi sunumlarının konumsal ve
zamansal olarak birbirleriyle entegre edilerek tasarlanması gereklidir. Tasarım
durumlarının yanı sıra öğrenciler arasındaki bilişsel bireysel farklılıklar
bilgi işleme süreci üzerinde etkilidir. Çalışmada bilişsel bireysel farklılık
olarak ele alınan kısa süreli bellek (KSB), bilgi işleme kuramlarında önemli
yeri olan duyusal reseptörler ile bilgiyi alıp uzun süreli bellekte kalıcı
olmasını sağlayan geçici bellektir. Öğrenme ortamlarının tasarımlarının bilgi
işleme süreci üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilirken KSB kapasiteleri göz
önünde bulundurulması gereklidir. Öğrenme ortamlarının değerlendirilmesi ve
öğrencilerin bilgi işleme sürecine yönelik çıkarımlarda bulunmak için
kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de göz izleme yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada farklı KSB
uzamlarına sahip öğrencilerin farklı dikkat tasarımlarına yönelik oluşturulan
öğrenme ortamlarındaki göz hareketlerinin bireysel farklılıklar çerçevesinde
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada yarı deneysel desenlerden rastgele
atamalı eşleştirilmiş desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya bir devlet
üniversitesinden 26 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Öğrencilerin KSB düzeylerini
belirlemek için Görsel İşitsel Sayı Dizileri Testi B (GİSD-B) Formu
kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin KSB uzamları belirlendikten sonra odaklanmış
dikkat tasarımına veya bölünmüş dikkat tasarımına sahip materyaller ile öğrenim
görmesi için rastgele gruplara ayrılmıştır. Öğrenciler materyaller ile öğrenim
görürken kullanılan göz izleme aracı ile göz hareketlerine ilişkin veriler elde
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda farklı KSB uzamlarına sahip öğrencilerin farklı
dikkat tasarımlarına sahip öğrenme materyallerinde yapmış oldukları göz
hareketleri ile bilgi işleme süreçlerine yönelik çıkarımlar yapılmış, çeşitli
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

kısa süreli bellek, bölünmüş dikkat, odaklanmış dikkat, çokluortam, göz izleme

THE INVESTIGATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT SHORT TERM MEMORY SPANS IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS WITH DIFFERENT ATTENTION DESIGN

Abstract

In learning environments, information presentations should
be integrated into one another spatially and temporally for the student's
attention to focus on the actual knowledge and not to divide attention. In
addition to design of learning environments, the cognitive individual
differences between students are effective on the information processing.
Short-term memory, which is considered as cognitive individual difference in
the study, is a temporary memory which has an important role in information
processing theories because of takes information with sensory receptors and
providing a permanent in long-term memory. When evaluating the impact of
learning environments on information processing short term memory capacities
should be taken into account. Eye tracking is used to evaluate learning
environments and to obtain information about the students' information
processing process. In this study, it is aimed to examine the eye movements of
students with different short term memory spans in the learning environments
created for different attention designs within the framework of individual
differences. In this study, randomly assigned paired experimental design was
used. 26 students from a state university participated in the study. In order
to determine the short term memory capacity levels of the students, The
Auditory Verbal Digit Span Test - Form B was used. After the students' short
term memory spans are determined, they are divided into random groups for
learning with multimedia materials which has focused attention design or split
attention design. The data about the eye movements were obtained with the eye
tracking tool used while the students were studying with the materials. As a
result of the research, information processing of the students with different
short term memory spans were determined in the learning materials with
different attention designs and various recommendations were given.

Keywords

short term memory, split attention, focused attention, multimedia, eye tracking

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