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ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 144 - 148, 25.09.2020

Sebahat Altundağ , Zehra Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.641121

Abstract

Çocuklar gelişim özellikleri ve merakları nedeniyle yabancı cisimleri ve oyuncakları ağızlarına götürmeye eğilimlidirler ve bazen onları yutabilirler. Teknolojik aletlerin ve oyuncakların artması ile birlikte pillerin çocuklar tarafından yutulma sıklığının da arttığı bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemede amaç, çocuklarda yabancı cisim yutulmasında büyük bir tehlike olarak görülen pillerin yutulmasının çocukların sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkilerini incelemek, eğitim/danışmanlık ile gerekli önlemlerin alınabileceğini ve kaza sıklığının azalabileceğine dikkat çekmektir. Yapılan çalışmalarda kaza ile yutulan pillerin; özofagustan trakea ve aorta kadar uzanan yaralanmalara, kanamalara neden olduğu, kostik özofageal yaralanma, mediastinit, trakeoözofagial fistül, özofagusperforasyonu, özofagus darlığı, trakealstenoz gibi komplikasyonlara hatta ölüme neden olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çocukların kaza ile pil yutmasının acil müdahale gerektirdiği aksi halde ölümcül komplikasyonlara yol açabildiği görülmektedir. Çocukların pil yutmasına karşı önlem almak için, ebeveynler ve çocuğa bakan kişiler, pil yutulması sonucu gelişebilen tehlikeler hakkında bilgilendirilmeli, yapılacak ev ziyaretleri ile ev ortamını kazalara karşı güvenli hale getirebilmeleri konusunda farkındalıklarının arttırılması gerekmektedir. 

Keywords

çocuk ev kazaları yabancı cisim yutma alkalin pil disk pil

References

  • 1. Laya BF, Restrepo R, Lee EY. Practical ımaging evaluation of foreign bodies in children: an update. Radiol Clin Kuzey Am. 2017; 55(4): 845-67.
  • 2. Kodituwakku R, Palmer S, Paul SP. Management of foreign body ingestions in children: button batteries and magnets. British Journal of Nursing. 2017; 26(8): 456-61.
  • 3. Törüner E, Büyükgönenç L, editörler. Yabancı Cisim Aspirasyonu, Çocuk Sağlığı Temel Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. Ankara: Göktuğ Yayıncılık; 2012.
  • 4. De Souza CCBM, Oliveira DC, Tenorio JAS. Characterization of used alkaline batteries powder and analysis of zinc recovery by acid leaching. Journal of Power Sources. 2001; 103: 120-6.
  • 5. Bernardes AM, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies. Journal of Power Sources. 2004; 130: 291-8.
  • 6. Bolton S, Saker M, Bass L. Button battery and magnet ingestions in the pediatric patient. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2018; 30(5): 653-9.
  • 7. Türkyılmaz A, Aydın Y, Genç F, Eroğlu A. Çocuklarda özefagusa yabancı cisim kaçması sıklığını artıran etken: Alkalen piller. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cer Derg. 2008;16:250-3.
  • 8. Sarımurat N. Yabancı Cisimler. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Pediatrik Aciller Sempozyumu 14-15 Haziran 2001-İstanbul: (125-130). İstanbul.
  • 9. Almeida MF, Xara SM, Delgado J, Costa CA. Characterization of spent AA household alkaline batteries. Waste Management. 2006; 26: 466-76.
  • 10. Altundağ S. Öztürk CM. Ev kazalarına yönelik eğitimin, güvenlik önlemleri alınması ve kaza görülme sıklığına etkisi. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2007;13(3):180-5.
  • 11. Enerji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Bataryalar. http://www.yegm.gov.tr/teknoloji/bataryalar.aspx
  • 12. Türk Dil Kurumu web sayfası http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.546de5ea9e43a2.41654881.
  • 13. Yavuz CI, Acar Vaizoğlu S, Güler Ç. Hayatımızdaki Piller. Sted. 2012; 21(6):319-25.
  • 14. Lin VY, Daniel SJ, Papsin BC. Button batteries in the ear, nose and upper aero digestive tract. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2004; 68(4): 473-79.
  • 15. Hamilton JM, Schraff SA, Notrica DM. Severe injuries from coin cell battery ingestions: 2 case reports. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2009; 44:644–47.
  • 16. Soerdjbalie-Maikoe V, RijnVan RR. A case of fatal coin battery ingestion in a 2-year-old child. Forensic Science International. 2010; 198: 19-22.
  • 17. Bhangu JS, Bawja SJS, Anand S, Kalsi K. Button battery ingestion: A therapeutic dilemma and clinical issues in management. Journal of The Scientific Society. 2016; 43(1); 30-3.
  • 18. Paul SP, Harper S, Teuten P, Harries S, Kane M. Effects of swallowing batteries and magnets. Nursing Children and Young People. 2015; 27(8): 15.
  • 19. Hiller MC. The OH–NO of pediatric foreign body ıngestions: lithium batteries (Button Batteries). Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing. 2014; 3 (3): 81–9.
  • 20. Arana A, Hauser B, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Vandenplas Y. Management of ingested foreign bodies in childhood and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 2001; 160 (8): 468-72.
  • 21. Topçu S, Çetin G. Özofagusun yabancı cisimleri. Yüksel M, Başoğlu A. Özofagus hastalıklarının tıbbi ve cerrahi tedavisi. Bilmedya Grup 2002. s. 71-6.
  • 22. Battery Statistics from National Poison Data System (NPDS) and National Battery Ingestion Hotline (NBIH), “Intended Use of Ingested 20 mm Button BatteriesNBIH Data Jul 2016- Jun 2018”, https://www.poison.org/battery/stats#2017table2
  • 23. Jatana KR, Litovitz T, Reilly JS, Koltai PJ, Rider G, Jacobs IN. Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2013; 77(9): 1392-99.
  • 24. Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L. Preventing battery ingestions: an analysis of 8648 cases. Pediatrics. 2010; 125(6): 1178-83.
  • 25. Boba M, Lipka K, Partika M, Majzel J, Gacka, E. Button battery ingestion as a life threatening condition in pediatric practice. Pediatria Polska. 2017; 92(4): 457-61
  • 26. Brumbaugh D E, Colson SB, Sandoval JA, Karrer FM, Bealer JF, Litovitz T, Kramer RE. Management of button battery–induced hemorrhage in children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2011; 52(5): 585–89.
  • 27. Litovitz TL, Whitaker N, Clark L, Beyaz NC, Marsolek M. Emerging battery-ıngestion hazard: Clinical ımplication. Pediatri. 2010; 125 (6): 1168-77 28. Thomson M, Sharma S. The hazards of button battery ingestion. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2015; 100 (11): 1010-11.
  • 29. Lahmar J, Célérier EN, Garabédian EN, Couloigner V, Leboulanger N, Denoyelle F. Esophageal lesions following button-battery ingestion in children: analysis of causes and proposals for preventive measures. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases. 2018; 135(2): 91-4.
  • 30. Marom T, Goldfarb A, Russo E, Roth Y. Battery ingestion in children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2010;74(8): 849-54.
  • 31. Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, Manfredi M, Shah M, Stephen TC, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 60(4): 562–74.
  • 32. Karadeniz Cerit K, Kıyan G, Tuğtepe H, Dağlı T. Disk pil yutulmasına bağlı gelişen trakeaözofageal fistül. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2010; 24(3):138-41.
  • 33. Yardeni D, Yardeni H, Coran AG, Golladay ES. Severe esophageal damage due to buton battery ingestion: can it be prevented? Pediatr Surg Int. 2004; 20: 496-501.
  • 34. Şenocak ME. Korozif madde yutulmasında yaklaşım ve tedavi. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi. 2001; 22(4):464-74.
  • 35. Varga Á, Kovács T, Saxena AK. Analysis of complications after button battery ıngestion in children. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2018; 34(6): 443-46.
  • 36. Wenjing L, Guangyi W, Xiaowen Z. Button battery ıntake as foreign body in chinese children: Review of case reports and the literatüre. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2015; 31(6): 412-15.
  • 37. Krom H, Visser M, Hulst JM, Wolters VM, Neucker AM, Meij T, et al. Serious complications after button battery ingestion in children. Eur J Pediatr. 2018; 177(7): 1063–70.
  • 38. Chow J, O’donnell C, Parsons S. Fatal aortoesophageal fistula secondary to button battery ingestion in a young child. Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging. 2016; (6): 38-41
  • 39. Thabet MH, Basha WM, Askar Ş. Button battery foreign bodies in children: Hazards, management, and recommendations. BioMed Research International. 2013; 1-7.
  • 40. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC), “Injuries From Batteries Among Children Aged <13 Years — United States, 1995–2010”, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 61(34), 661-666, 2012. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6134a1.htm?s_cid=mm6134a1_w&c_cid=journal_search_promotion_2018
  • 41. Çobanoğlu U, Yalçınkaya İ. Esophageal foreign bodies: analysis of 175 patients. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2008; 16(4).
  • 42. Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Metaxas E, Kalantzi N. Management of esophageal foreign bodies: a retrospectivereview of 400 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002; (21):653-6.
  • 43. Şarkış C, Yazıcı S, Can M. Disk Battery Ingestion; A malpractice case that results in pneumonia. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 2016; 21 (3):196-8.
  • 44. http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Button-Battery-Injuries-in-Children-A-Growing-Risk.aspx.
  • 45. Saadeh C, Ulualp SO. An uncommon source for oesophageal foreign body: Fidget spinner. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2018; (6):1-4.
  • 46. Mckinney OW, Heaton PA, Gamble J, Paul SP. Recognition and management of foreign body ingestion and aspiration. Nursing Standard. 2017; 31(23): 42-52.
  • 47. Thabet MH, Basha WM, Askar S. Button battery foreign bodies in children: hazards, management, and recommendations. Bio Med Research International. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013; 1-7.
  • 48. Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, “Household safety: Button batteries”, 2016, https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-batteries.html?WT.ac=ctg
  • 49. Amanatidou V, Sofidiotou V, Fountas K, Tsamadou A, Papathanassiou V, Neou P. Button battery ingestion: the Greek experience and review of the literatüre. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011; 27(3): 186-8.

BIG DANGEROUS FOR FOREIGN BODY INGESTION IN CHILDREN: BATTERIES

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 144 - 148, 25.09.2020

Sebahat Altundağ , Zehra Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.641121

Abstract

Children tend to take foreign objects and toys in their mouths and could swallow them because of their developmental characteristics and curiosity. The frequency of children’s swallowing battery is said to have increased in parallel to increasing technological materials and toys. Objective of this review is to investigate negative effects of swallowing batteries as big dangerous in children, emphasize that required measures could be taken by education/consultation and frequency of this accident could decrease. It is suggested that swallowed batteries could cause injuries from esophagus to trachea and aorta, and some complications such as bleeding, caustic esophageal injuries, mediastinitis, trachea-esophageal fistula, esophagus perforation, esophageal stenos and tracheal stenos even deaths. It is seen that an intense follow-up and emergency intervention are needed for children swallowing battery accidently Otherwise, it could cause fatal complications. For taking measures, parents and other caregivers for children should be educated about hazards of swallowing batteries and their awareness of safe home environment for home accident should be raised. 

Keywords

Child home accidents foreign body ingestion alkali battery disk battery

References

  • 1. Laya BF, Restrepo R, Lee EY. Practical ımaging evaluation of foreign bodies in children: an update. Radiol Clin Kuzey Am. 2017; 55(4): 845-67.
  • 2. Kodituwakku R, Palmer S, Paul SP. Management of foreign body ingestions in children: button batteries and magnets. British Journal of Nursing. 2017; 26(8): 456-61.
  • 3. Törüner E, Büyükgönenç L, editörler. Yabancı Cisim Aspirasyonu, Çocuk Sağlığı Temel Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. Ankara: Göktuğ Yayıncılık; 2012.
  • 4. De Souza CCBM, Oliveira DC, Tenorio JAS. Characterization of used alkaline batteries powder and analysis of zinc recovery by acid leaching. Journal of Power Sources. 2001; 103: 120-6.
  • 5. Bernardes AM, Espinosa DCR, Tenório JAS. Recycling of batteries: a review of current processes and technologies. Journal of Power Sources. 2004; 130: 291-8.
  • 6. Bolton S, Saker M, Bass L. Button battery and magnet ingestions in the pediatric patient. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2018; 30(5): 653-9.
  • 7. Türkyılmaz A, Aydın Y, Genç F, Eroğlu A. Çocuklarda özefagusa yabancı cisim kaçması sıklığını artıran etken: Alkalen piller. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cer Derg. 2008;16:250-3.
  • 8. Sarımurat N. Yabancı Cisimler. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri Pediatrik Aciller Sempozyumu 14-15 Haziran 2001-İstanbul: (125-130). İstanbul.
  • 9. Almeida MF, Xara SM, Delgado J, Costa CA. Characterization of spent AA household alkaline batteries. Waste Management. 2006; 26: 466-76.
  • 10. Altundağ S. Öztürk CM. Ev kazalarına yönelik eğitimin, güvenlik önlemleri alınması ve kaza görülme sıklığına etkisi. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2007;13(3):180-5.
  • 11. Enerji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Bataryalar. http://www.yegm.gov.tr/teknoloji/bataryalar.aspx
  • 12. Türk Dil Kurumu web sayfası http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.546de5ea9e43a2.41654881.
  • 13. Yavuz CI, Acar Vaizoğlu S, Güler Ç. Hayatımızdaki Piller. Sted. 2012; 21(6):319-25.
  • 14. Lin VY, Daniel SJ, Papsin BC. Button batteries in the ear, nose and upper aero digestive tract. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2004; 68(4): 473-79.
  • 15. Hamilton JM, Schraff SA, Notrica DM. Severe injuries from coin cell battery ingestions: 2 case reports. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2009; 44:644–47.
  • 16. Soerdjbalie-Maikoe V, RijnVan RR. A case of fatal coin battery ingestion in a 2-year-old child. Forensic Science International. 2010; 198: 19-22.
  • 17. Bhangu JS, Bawja SJS, Anand S, Kalsi K. Button battery ingestion: A therapeutic dilemma and clinical issues in management. Journal of The Scientific Society. 2016; 43(1); 30-3.
  • 18. Paul SP, Harper S, Teuten P, Harries S, Kane M. Effects of swallowing batteries and magnets. Nursing Children and Young People. 2015; 27(8): 15.
  • 19. Hiller MC. The OH–NO of pediatric foreign body ıngestions: lithium batteries (Button Batteries). Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing. 2014; 3 (3): 81–9.
  • 20. Arana A, Hauser B, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Vandenplas Y. Management of ingested foreign bodies in childhood and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 2001; 160 (8): 468-72.
  • 21. Topçu S, Çetin G. Özofagusun yabancı cisimleri. Yüksel M, Başoğlu A. Özofagus hastalıklarının tıbbi ve cerrahi tedavisi. Bilmedya Grup 2002. s. 71-6.
  • 22. Battery Statistics from National Poison Data System (NPDS) and National Battery Ingestion Hotline (NBIH), “Intended Use of Ingested 20 mm Button BatteriesNBIH Data Jul 2016- Jun 2018”, https://www.poison.org/battery/stats#2017table2
  • 23. Jatana KR, Litovitz T, Reilly JS, Koltai PJ, Rider G, Jacobs IN. Pediatric button battery injuries: 2013 task force update. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2013; 77(9): 1392-99.
  • 24. Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L. Preventing battery ingestions: an analysis of 8648 cases. Pediatrics. 2010; 125(6): 1178-83.
  • 25. Boba M, Lipka K, Partika M, Majzel J, Gacka, E. Button battery ingestion as a life threatening condition in pediatric practice. Pediatria Polska. 2017; 92(4): 457-61
  • 26. Brumbaugh D E, Colson SB, Sandoval JA, Karrer FM, Bealer JF, Litovitz T, Kramer RE. Management of button battery–induced hemorrhage in children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2011; 52(5): 585–89.
  • 27. Litovitz TL, Whitaker N, Clark L, Beyaz NC, Marsolek M. Emerging battery-ıngestion hazard: Clinical ımplication. Pediatri. 2010; 125 (6): 1168-77 28. Thomson M, Sharma S. The hazards of button battery ingestion. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2015; 100 (11): 1010-11.
  • 29. Lahmar J, Célérier EN, Garabédian EN, Couloigner V, Leboulanger N, Denoyelle F. Esophageal lesions following button-battery ingestion in children: analysis of causes and proposals for preventive measures. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases. 2018; 135(2): 91-4.
  • 30. Marom T, Goldfarb A, Russo E, Roth Y. Battery ingestion in children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2010;74(8): 849-54.
  • 31. Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, Manfredi M, Shah M, Stephen TC, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 60(4): 562–74.
  • 32. Karadeniz Cerit K, Kıyan G, Tuğtepe H, Dağlı T. Disk pil yutulmasına bağlı gelişen trakeaözofageal fistül. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi. 2010; 24(3):138-41.
  • 33. Yardeni D, Yardeni H, Coran AG, Golladay ES. Severe esophageal damage due to buton battery ingestion: can it be prevented? Pediatr Surg Int. 2004; 20: 496-501.
  • 34. Şenocak ME. Korozif madde yutulmasında yaklaşım ve tedavi. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi. 2001; 22(4):464-74.
  • 35. Varga Á, Kovács T, Saxena AK. Analysis of complications after button battery ıngestion in children. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2018; 34(6): 443-46.
  • 36. Wenjing L, Guangyi W, Xiaowen Z. Button battery ıntake as foreign body in chinese children: Review of case reports and the literatüre. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2015; 31(6): 412-15.
  • 37. Krom H, Visser M, Hulst JM, Wolters VM, Neucker AM, Meij T, et al. Serious complications after button battery ingestion in children. Eur J Pediatr. 2018; 177(7): 1063–70.
  • 38. Chow J, O’donnell C, Parsons S. Fatal aortoesophageal fistula secondary to button battery ingestion in a young child. Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging. 2016; (6): 38-41
  • 39. Thabet MH, Basha WM, Askar Ş. Button battery foreign bodies in children: Hazards, management, and recommendations. BioMed Research International. 2013; 1-7.
  • 40. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC), “Injuries From Batteries Among Children Aged <13 Years — United States, 1995–2010”, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 61(34), 661-666, 2012. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6134a1.htm?s_cid=mm6134a1_w&c_cid=journal_search_promotion_2018
  • 41. Çobanoğlu U, Yalçınkaya İ. Esophageal foreign bodies: analysis of 175 patients. Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2008; 16(4).
  • 42. Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Metaxas E, Kalantzi N. Management of esophageal foreign bodies: a retrospectivereview of 400 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002; (21):653-6.
  • 43. Şarkış C, Yazıcı S, Can M. Disk Battery Ingestion; A malpractice case that results in pneumonia. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 2016; 21 (3):196-8.
  • 44. http://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Button-Battery-Injuries-in-Children-A-Growing-Risk.aspx.
  • 45. Saadeh C, Ulualp SO. An uncommon source for oesophageal foreign body: Fidget spinner. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2018; (6):1-4.
  • 46. Mckinney OW, Heaton PA, Gamble J, Paul SP. Recognition and management of foreign body ingestion and aspiration. Nursing Standard. 2017; 31(23): 42-52.
  • 47. Thabet MH, Basha WM, Askar S. Button battery foreign bodies in children: hazards, management, and recommendations. Bio Med Research International. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013; 1-7.
  • 48. Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, “Household safety: Button batteries”, 2016, https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-batteries.html?WT.ac=ctg
  • 49. Amanatidou V, Sofidiotou V, Fountas K, Tsamadou A, Papathanassiou V, Neou P. Button battery ingestion: the Greek experience and review of the literatüre. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011; 27(3): 186-8.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Sebahat Altundağ 0000-0002-7902-6451

Zehra Çalışkan 0000-0002-4726-5052

Publication Date September 25, 2020
Submission Date October 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altundağ, S., & Çalışkan, Z. (2020). ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.641121
AMA Altundağ S, Çalışkan Z. ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER. JHS. September 2020;29(2):144-148. doi:10.34108/eujhs.641121
Chicago Altundağ, Sebahat, and Zehra Çalışkan. “ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29, no. 2 (September 2020): 144-48. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.641121.
EndNote Altundağ S, Çalışkan Z (September 1, 2020) ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29 2 144–148.
IEEE S. Altundağ and Z. Çalışkan, “ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER”, JHS, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 144–148, 2020, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.641121.
ISNAD Altundağ, Sebahat - Çalışkan, Zehra. “ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29/2 (September 2020), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.641121.
JAMA Altundağ S, Çalışkan Z. ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER. JHS. 2020;29:144–148.
MLA Altundağ, Sebahat and Zehra Çalışkan. “ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, 2020, pp. 144-8, doi:10.34108/eujhs.641121.
Vancouver Altundağ S, Çalışkan Z. ÇOCUKLARDA YABANCI CİSİM YUTULMASINDA BÜYÜK TEHLİKE: PİLLER. JHS. 2020;29(2):144-8.