EVALUATION OF DIET QUALITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITYLEVELOF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADULTS

Year 2022, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 184 - 190, 11.08.2022

Ali Sayılır , Habibe Şahin

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.960731

Abstract

Several healthy eating index have been developed to reveal the relationship between diet quality and health. Healthy eating index is one of the indexes evaluating the relationship between diet quality and health. In this cross-sectional study; determination of diet quality and physical activity level of the overweight and obese was aimed. The research conducted with 113 volunteers aged between the 18 and 65, and overweight or obese who applied to lose weight to the Healthy Life Center. The questionnaire in which demographic characteristics and frequency of food consumption investigated was applied. Body composition was determined by anthropometric measurements and some biochemical parameters was evaluated. For physical activity levels International Physical Activity Questionnaire , for dietary quality HEI-2005 scale were used. Of the participants, 30.01 were overweight, 69.9% were obese. 43.3% were male and 67.5% were female with one or more diseases (p˂0.05). While 70.6% of overweight participants were inactive and 29.4% had low activity levels; obese were %69.6 and %29.1, respectively. Mean score of HEI-2005 was 57.3±7.0 in males and 62.3±7.4 in females (p<0.05). In addition, the average waist circumference of individuals categorized as having poordiet quality and needing improvement was 106.6 cm and 97.7 cm, in males and females, respectively (p<0.05). Diet quality and physical activity levels of the overweight and obese participants were low. Supportive health policies should be developed to improve the healthy nutrition and physical activity levels of these individuals.

Keywords

Diet quality; physical activity level; obesity

HAFİF ŞİŞMAN VE ŞİŞMAN YETİŞKİNLERDE DİYET KALİTESİ İLE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Diyet kalitesi ve sağlık arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak için çeşitli sağlıklı yeme indeksleri (SYİ) geliştirilmiştir. SYİ diyet kalitesini ve sağlık arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendiren indekslerden biridir. Bu kesitsel çalışmada hafif şişman ve şişman bireylerin diyet kalitesi ve fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır.Sağlıklı Hayat Merkezi’ne zayıflama amacıyla başvuran 18-65 yaş arasındaki hafif şişman veya şişman toplamda 113 gönüllüyle yürütülmüştür. Bireylere; demografik özellikler, besin tüketim kaydı ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini sorgulayan bir anket formu uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçümleri ve bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri alınmıştır. Fiziksel aktivite seviyeleriUluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi ile diyet kaliteleri ise SYİ-2005 ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılanların %30.1 hafif şişman, %69.9’u şişmandır. Erkek bireylerin %43.3’ü, kadınların %67.5’i bir veya daha fazla hastalığa sahiptir (p˂0.05). Hafif şişman olan bireylerin %70.6’sı inaktif, %29.4’ü düşük aktivite düzeyine sahipken; şişman bireylerin ise sırasıyla %69.6 ve %29.1 olarak belirlenmiştir. SYİ-2005 toplam puan ortalaması erkeklerde 57.3±7, kadınlarda 62.3±7.4 olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0.05).Ayrıca, bel çevresi ortalaması diyet kalitesi yetersiz ve diyet kalitesi geliştirilmeli olarak sınıflandırılan bireylerde sırasıyla 106.6 cm ve 97.7 cm olarak ölçülmüştür (p<0.05).Hafif şişman ve şişmanların diyet kalitesi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.Bu bireylerin sağlıklı beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini arttırmaları yönünde destekleyici sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesi gerekir.

Keywords

şişmanlık, diyet kalitesi, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi

References

• 1. Silva LB, Oliveira BMPM, Correia F. Evolution of body composition of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019:95-99.
• 2. Wirt A, Collins CE. Diet quality- what is it and does it matter? Public Health Nutr 2009;12(12):2473-92.
• 3. Cuenca-Garcia M, Artero EG, Sui X, et al. Dietary indices, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in middle-aged adults: findings from the aerobics center longitudinal study. Ann Epidemiol 2014;24:297-303.
• 4. Azadbakht L, Akbari F, Esmaillzadeh A. Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement. Public Health Nutr 2014;12:1-7.
• 5. Huffman FG, Vaccaro JA, Zarini GG, Dixon Z. Comparison of two indices of diet quality with acculturation factors and demographics in Haitianamericans. Ecol Food Nutr 2014;53:42-57.
• 6. Guenther PM, Casavale KO, Kirkpatrick Sl, et al. Diet quality of Americans in 2001-02 and 2007-08 as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010. 51. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (Nutrition Insight).
• 7. Dd A, Barros MB, Fisberg RM, et al. Diet quality among adolescents: a population-based study in Campinas, Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2012;15(3):605-16.
• 8. Bosire C, Stampfer MJ, Subar AF, et al. Index-based dietary patterns and the risk of prostate cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Am J Epidemiol 2013;177(6):50413.
• 9. Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam T, Stewart SM. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011;21(8):115.
• 10. Hallal PC, Victoria CG, Wells JCK, Lima RC. Physical inactivity: prevalence and associated variables in Brazilian adults. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2003;35(11):1894-1900.
• 11. Ahmad MH, Salleh R, Nor NSM, et al. Comparison between self-reported physical activity (IPAQ-SF) and pedometer among overweight and obese women in the MyBFF@homestudy. BMC Women’s Health 2018;18(1):100.
• 12. Sugiyama T, Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Owen N. Jointas sociations of multiple leisure-time sedentary behaviours and physical Activity with obesity in Australian adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008;5:35.
• 13. Gomez LM, Hernández-Prado B, Morales MC, Shamah-Levy T. Physical activity and overweight/obesity in adult Mexican population: The Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Salud Publica Mex 2009;51(4):621-629.
• 14. Koksal E, Karacil Ermumcu MS, Mortas H. Description of the healthy eating indices-based diet quality in Turkish adults: A cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2017;22:12.
• 15. Acar Tek N, Yıldıran H, Akbulut G, et al. Evaluation of dietary quality of adolescents using Healthy Eating Index. Nutr Res Pract 2011;5(4):322-328.
• 16. Pekcan G. Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktiviteler Daire Başkanlığı Beslenme Bilgi Serisi 1. Klasmat Matbaacılık, Yayın No: 726. Ankara, 2008.
• 17. Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBİS), Bilgisayar Yazılım Programı Versiyon 7. 2007: Stuttgart, Germany.
• 18. Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Reeve BB, Basiotis P. Development and evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005: Technical report. Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture 2007:1-41.
• 19. Freedman LS, Guenther PM, Krebs-Smith SM, Kott PS. A population’s mean Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores are best estimated by the score of the population ratio when one 24-hour recall is available. J Nutr 2008;138(9):1725-9.
• 20. Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM. Development of the Healthy Eating Indeks-2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(11):1896-1901.
• 21. Guenther PM, Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Reeve BB. Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2005. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108(11):1854-1864.
• 22. Drewmowski A, Aggarwal A, Cook A, Stewart O, Moudon AV. Geographic disparities in healthy eating index scores (HEI-2005 and 2010) by residential property values: findings from seatle obesity study (SOS). Prev Med 2016;83:46-55.
• 23. Guo X, Warden BA, Paeratakul S, Bray GA. Healthy Eating Index and obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:1580-1586.
• 24. Kuczmarski MF, Cremer Sees A, Hotchkiss L, et al. Higher Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores associated with reduced symptoms of depression in an urban population: findings from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(3):383-389.
• 25. Mc Cabe-Sellers BJ, Bowman S, Stuff JE, et al. Assessment of the diet quality of US adults in the lower Missisippi delta. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(3):697-706.
• 26. Sundararajan K, Campbell MK, Choi Y, Sarma S. The relationship between diet quality and adult obesity; evidence from Canada. J Am Coll Nutr 2014;33(1):1-17.
• 27. Fallaize R, Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, et al. Association between Diet-Quality Scores, adiposity, total cholesterol and markers of nutritional status in European adults: findings from the Food 4 Me Study. Nutrients 2018;10(1):49.
• 28. Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Yuzbashian E, Azizi F. A systematic review of diet quality indices in relation to obesity. Br J Nutr 2017;117(8):1055-65.
• 29. Boynton A, Neuhouser ML, Sorensen B, Mc Tieman A, Ulrich CM. Predictors of diet quality among overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:125-130.
• 30. Yu D, Sonderman J, Buchowski MS,et al. Healthy eating and risks of total and cause-specific death among low-income populations of African-Americans and other adults in the Southeastern United States: a prospective cohort study. PLo S Med 2015;12(5):e1001830.
• 31. Knoops KTB, de Groot LCPGM, Kromhout D, et al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: The HALE project. Jama 2004;292(12):1433-1439.
• 32. Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Graubard BI, Schairer C. A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women. Jama 2000;283(16):2109-2115.
• 33. Mc Cullough ML, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: moving to ward improved dietary guidance. The Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(6):1261-1271.
• 34. Neelakantan N, Koh W, Yuan J, Van Dam RM. Diet-Quality Indexes are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular, respiratory, and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. J Nutr 2018;148(8):1323-1332.