Bireylerin Ağ Düzeneğindeki Yerinin Oluşmasında Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Rolü: Sosyal Ağ Analizi Yaklaşımı

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 12 - 34, 10.07.2018

Çağdaş Akif Kahraman , H. Cenk Sözen , Cem Harun Meydan

Abstract

Öz: Sosyal ağ düzeneğindeki aktörlerin konumları ve bu
konumundan elde edecekleri faydalar sosyal ağ kuramları ile açıklanmaktadır.
Benzer şekilde lider ve üye arasındaki etkileşimler sonucu oluşan Lider-Üye
Etkileşimi (LÜE) de sosyal ağ düzeneği içerisinde gerçekleşen bir süreçtir.
Bireylerden sosyal ağ düzeneğinde güçlü konumda olanların iç grupta olacağı,
liderin sosyal ağ düzeneğinin merkezinde olacağı ve LÜE kalitesinin aktörün
merkeziliğini yordayacağı düşüncesiyle hipotezler oluşturulmuştur. Veriler bir
sivil toplum kuruluşunun Ankara biriminden toplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda
liderin merkezde olduğu, LÜE’nin kalitesinin aktörün merkeziliğini yordadığı,  ancak bu süreçte üyelik süresinin önemli bir
belirleyici olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Lider-üye etkileşimi, merkezilik, sosyal
ağlar, sosyal ağ analizi

Keywords

lider-üye, sosyal, ağlar

References

• Aiken, L. S. ve West, S. G. (1991), Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
• Bauer, T. N. ve Green, S. G. (1996), “Development of Leader-Member Exchange: A Longitudinal Test”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(2): 1538-1567.
• Blau, P. M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York: Wiley.
• Bourdieu, P. (1986), “The Forms of Capital”, Richardson, J. G. (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press.
• Braas, D. J. (1995), “A Social Network Perspective on Human Resources Management”, Research in Personel and Human Resources Management, 13(1): 39-79.
• Burt, S. R. (1992), Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition, Harvard: University Press.
• Burt, S. R. (1997), “The Contingent Value of Social Capital”, Administarative Science Quarterly, 42(2): 339-365.
• Burt, S. R. (2004), “Structural Holes and Good Ideas”, American Journal of Sociology, 110(2): 349-399.
• Burt, S. R. (2005), Brokerage & Closure, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Burt, S. R. (2008), Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital, Social Capital Theory and Research, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
• Burt, S. R. (2010), Neighbor Networks: Competitive Advantage Local and Personal, New York: Oxford University Press. Cogliser, C. C. ve Schriesheim, C. A. (2000), “Exploring Work Unit Contex and Leader-Member Exchange: A Multi-Level Perspective”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(3): 487-511.
• Coleman, J. S. (1988), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, 94(4): 95-120.
• Danserau F., Yammarino, F. J. ve Markham, S. E. (1995), “Leadership: The Multiple Level Approaches”, Leadership Quarterly, 6(2): 97-109.
• Dansereau, F., Graen, G. ve Haga, W. J. (1975), “A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach to Leadership within Formal Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role Making Process”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13(4): 46-78.
• Deitzer, B. (1979), Contempotrary Management Concepts, Columbus: Grid Publishing.
• Dienesch, R. M. ve Liden, R. C. (1986), “Leader-Member Exchange Model of Leadership: A Critique and Further Development”, Academy of Managemeni Review, 6(3): 618-634.
• Dhanaraj, C. ve Parkhe A. (2006), “Orchestrating Innovation Networks”, Academy of Management Review, 31(3): 659-669.
• Dunegan, K. J., Duchon, D. ve Uhl-Bien, M. (1992), “Examining the Link Between Leader-Member Exchange and Subordinate Performance: The Role of Task Analyzability and Variety as Moderators”, Journal of Management, 18(1): 59-76.
• Erdoğan, B., Kraimer, M. L. ve Liden R. C. (2004), “Work Value Congruence and Intrinsic Career Success: The Compensatory Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Percieved Organizational Support”, Personel Psychology, 57(3): 305-332.
• Gargiulo, M. ve Benassi, M. (2000), “Traped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion, Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital”, Organization Science, 6(2): 183-196.
• Gnyawali, D. R. ve Madhavan, R. (2001), “Cooperative Networks and Competitive Dynamics: A Structural Embeddedness Perspective”, Academy of Management Review, 26(3): 431-445.
• Goodwin, V. L., Bowler, W. M. ve Whittington, J. L. (2009), “A Social Network Perspective on LMX Relationships: Accounting for the Instrumental Value of Leader and Follower Networks”, Journal of Management, 35(4): 954-980.
• Graen, G., Cashman, J., Ginsburgh, S. ve Schiemann, W. (1977), “Effects of Linking-Pin Quality on the Quality of Working Life Lower Participants”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(5): 491-504.
• Graen, G. ve Schielmann, W. (1978), “Leader-Member Agreement: A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(2): 206-212.
• Graen, G. ve Uhl-Bien, M. (1991), “The Transformation of Professionals into Self-Managing and Partially Sefl-Designing Contributors: Toward a Theory of Leadership-Making”, Journal of Management Systems, 3(3): 25-34.
• Graen, G. B. ve Uhl-Bien, M. (1995), “Relationship-Based approach to Leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange(LMX) Theory of Leadership Over 25 Years: Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective”, Leadership Quarterly, 6 (2): 219-247.
• Granovetter, M. (1973), “Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, 78(3): 1360-1380.
• Granovetter, M. (1983), “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited”, Sociological Theory, 201-233.
• Kraatz, M. S. (1998), “Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change”, Academy of Management Journal, 41(6): 621-643.
• Liden, R. C. ve Maslyn, J. M. (1998), “Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Emprical Assesment through Scale Development”, Journal of Mangement, 24(1): 43-72.
• Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J. ve Stilwell, D. (1993), “A Longitudinal Study on the Early Development of Leader-Member Exchanges”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4): 662-674.
• Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T. ve Wayne, S. J. (1997), “Leader-Member Exchange Theory: The Past and Potential for the Future”, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15(3): 47-119.
• Maslyn J. M. ve Uhl-Bien, M. (2001), “Leader-Member Exchange and Its .Dimensions: Effects of Self-Effort and Other’s Effort on Relationship Quality”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4): 697-708.
• Novak, M. A., Graen, G. B. (1987), “Percieved Leader Control as a Moderator of PErsonal Leader Resources Contributing to Leader-Member Exchange”, Proceeding of Academy of Management, 206-209.
• Podolny, J. M. (2001), “Networks as the Pipes and Prisms of the Market”, The American Journal of Sociology, 57(1): 33-60.
• Rosse, J. G. ve Kraut, A. I. (1983), “Reconsidering the Vertical Dyad Linkage Model of Leadership”, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 56(1): 63-71.
• Sargut, A. S. (2006), “Sosyal Sermaye: Yapının Sunduğu Bir Olanak mı, Yoksa Bireyin Açmalı Eylemi mi?”, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 12(2006): 1-13.
• Scandura T. A., Graen, G. B. ve Novak, M. A. (1986), “When Managers Decide Not to Decide Autocratically: An Investigation of Leader-Member Exchange and Decision Influence”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4): 579-584.
• Scandura, T. A. ve Terri, A. (1999), “Rethinking Leader-Member Exchange: An Organizational Justice Perspective”, Leadership Quarterly, 10(1): 25-40.
• Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L. ve Cogliser, C. C. (1999), “Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Research: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Measurement, and Data-Analytic Practices”, Leadership Quarterly, 10(1): 63-113.
• Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N. ve Liden, R. C. (1996), “Social Exchange in Organizations: Percieved Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange, and Employee Reciprocity”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3): 219-227.
• Sferra, B. A ve Paddock, S. C. (1980), Leadersip Theories, Washington: ERIC.
• Sığrı, Ü. (2011), Yönetimde Grup Dinamikleri, Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
• Sparrowe, R. T. ve Liden, R. C. (1997), “Process and Structure in Leader-Member Exchange”, Academy of Management Review, 22: 522-552.
• Sparrowe, R. T. ve Liden, R. C. (2005), “Two Routes to Influence: Integrating Leader-Member Exchange and Social Network Perspectives”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(4): 505-535.
• Tabak, A., Yalçınkaya, H. ve Erkuş, A. (2007), “Liderlik Kavramına Tarihsel Bir Bakış”, O. Kaymakçı (Ed.), 21nci Yüzyılda Rusya, AB ve Türkiye’den Yansımalar, İstanbul: Türkmen Yayıncılık.
• Wayne, S. J., Liden R. C. ve Sparrowe, R. T. (1994), “Developing Leader-Member Exchanges: The Influence of Gender and Ingratiation”, The American Behavioral Scientist, 37(5): 697-714.