Protective effect of Tulbaghia violacea extract on cardiac damage: deep circulatory arrest rat model

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 396 - 403, 04.05.2022

Bişar Amaç , Nazım Kankılıç , Fatih Güngören , Mehmet Salih Aydın , Yusuf Çakmak Muhammet Emin Güldür , İsmail Koyuncu , Emine Zeynep Tarini , Mesut Engin , Senol Yavuz

https://doi.org/10.18621/eurj.1099649

Abstract

Objectives: Total circulatory arrest (TCA) technique is a method used in cardiac surgery accompanied by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It has been shown that Tulbaghia violacea extract increases antioxidant capacity, regulates blood pressure, decreases lipid peroxide, and reduces atherosclerosis. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effect of T. violacea extract administration on serum oxidative stress parameters (Total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS] and oxidative stress index [OSI] and deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] damage level with 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and histopathological changes in the heart and other organs in rats with deep circulatory arrest model.

Methods: In this study, 48 Wistar Albino adult rats, 24 female and 24 male, obtained from Harran University Experimental Animals Research Center were used. The average weight of female rats was 250-300 g, and the average weight of male rats was 450-500 g. These rats were randomly divided into four groups. 6 male and 6 female rats were used in each group (Group 1 = Sham, Group 2 = Injury, Group 3 = Treatment and Injury, Group 4 = Treatment).

Results: As a result of this experimental study, the changes in the biochemical 8-OHdG, TOS, OSI and TAS levels of the groups were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analyzes of the data, 8-OHdG level, which is an oxidative DNA damage marker in Group 2 was higher than the Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4 and there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001, p = 0.027 and p < 0.001; respectively). The TOS level of the injury group was higher than Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4 and there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p < 0.001; respectively).

Conclusions: As a result of our study, we revealed that T. violacea extract has a protective effect on organ and tissue damage in the TCA model.

Keywords

Circulation, arrest, protective agent, plant derived, Tulbaghia violacea extract

Supporting Institution

Harran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

Project Number

Hübak Project No: 21130

References

• 1. Eriş C, Sanrı US, Engin M, Yavuz Ş. Early postoperative results of on-pump coronary endarterectomy: is it still a controversy? Eur Res J 2021;7:248-55.
• 2. Ozturk C, Yavuz S. Effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on ventricular functions in patients with poor left ventricular function. Eur Res J 2019;5:502-9.
• 3. Büket S, Özbaran M, Alayunt A, Hamulu A, Kayaaltı B, Yekginer A, et al. [Deep hypothermic total circulatory arrest application during aortic surgery]. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama. 1994;2:91-4. [Article in Turkish]
• 4. Ünal EU, Kubat E, Soran Türkcan B, Kiriş E, Demir A, Aytekin B, et al. Visceral oxidative stress during antegrade cerebral perfusion and lower body circulatory arrest. Acta Chir Belg 2019;119:217-23.
• 5. Ugurlucan M, Yildiz Y, Ulukan MO, Oztas DM, Beyaz MO, Canata E, et al. A surgical technique for ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta replacement without cross-clamp, circulatory arrest or hypothermia. Cardiol Young 2020;30:24-7.
• 6. Svyatets M, Tolani K, Zhang M, Tulman G, Charchaflieh J. Perioperative management of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010;24:644-55.
• 7. Madike LN, Takaidza S, Pillay M. Preliminary phytochemical screening of crude extracts from the leaves, stems, and roots of Tulbaghia violacea. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2017;9:1300-8.
• 8. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of methanolic extract of dried and fresh rhizomes of Tulbaghia violacea. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2011;5:2490-7.
• 9. Lee RH, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Lerner FM, Chen PY, Azizbayeva R, et al. Palmitic acid methyl ester is a novel neuroprotective agent against cardiac arrest. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019;147:6-14.
• 10. de Garavilla L, Babbs CF, Tacker WA. An experimental circulatory arrest model in the rat to evaluate calcium antagonists in cerebral resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med 1984;2:321-6.
• 11. Boening A, Assling-Simon L, Heep M, Boengler K, Niemann B, Grieshaber P. Buckberg's blood cardioplegia for protection of adult and senile myocardium in a rat in vitro model of acute myocardial infarction. Exp Gerontol 2018;104:98-104.
• 12. Akalın B, Yılmaz Z, Artış T. [The effect of Met-Rantes on liver damage in a controlled experimental non-heart beating donor model]. Erciyes Med J 2012;34:69-72. [Article in Turkish]
• 13. Vognsen M, Fabian-Jessing BK, Secher N, Løfgren B, Dezfulian C, Andersen LW, et al. Contemporary animal models of cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Resuscitation 2017;113:115-23.
• 14. Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. Am J Med 1991;91(3C):14S-22S.
• 15. Liberman M, Bassi E, Martinatti MK, Lario FC, Wosniak J Jr, Pomerantzeff PM, et al. Oxidant generation predominates around calcifying foci and enhances progression of aortic valve calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28:463-70.
• 16. Atmaca E, Aksoy A. [Oxidative DNA damage and its chromatographic determination]. YYU Vet Fak Derg 2009;20:79-83. [Article in Turkish]
• 17. Murugesan S, Pandiyan A, Saravanakumar L, Moodley K, Mackraj I. Protective role of wild garlic on isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2019;237:108-15.
• 18. Moodley K, Mackraj I, Naidoo Y. Cardiovascular effects of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) root methanolic extract in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;146:225-31.
• 19. Raji I, Obikeze K, Mugabo P. Comparison of the acute effects of Tulbaghia violacea William Henry Harvey (Alliaceae) on blood pressure and heart rate of ageing male normotensive Wistar kyoto rats and adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2016;15:2429-34.
• 20. Davison C, Levendal RA, Frost CL. Cardiovascular benefits of an organic extract of Tulbaghia violacea: Its anticoagulant and anti-platelet properties. J Med Plants Res 2012;6:4815-24.
• 21. Bungu L, van de Venter M, Frost C. Evidence for an in vitro anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity in Tulbaghia violacea. Afr J Biotechnol 2008;7: 681-8.
• 22. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Protective effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on aortic pathology, tissue antioxidant enzymes and liver damage in diet-induced atherosclerotic rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:12747-60.
• 23. Moodley K, Joseph K, Naidoo Y, Islam S, Mackraj I. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (wild garlic) rhizome methanolic extract in a diabetic rat model. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015;15:408.
• 24. Moodley K, Naidoo Y, Mackraj I. Effects of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) rhizome methanolic extract on kidney function and morphology in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014;155:1194-203.