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Study on the labels of selected cat and dog foods from Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 19 - 25, 04.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1490075

Abstract

At first look, the label contains details about the contents and properties of the cat and dog foods. Label information must be included in accordance with national and international requirements. The sufficiency of cat and dog food labelling in Türkiye has not before been evaluated. In this study, the labelling information for 215 chosen cat and dog foods (164 cats and 51 dogs) available in Türkiye was analysed using Turkish national legislation and the Federation of the European Pet Food Industry standards. It was determined that all food labelling information was compliant with Turkish feed legislation. In comparison, only 67.1% of cat and 78% of dog diets included the metabolised energy value on the package. Cat foods have a website at 60.8%, whereas dog foods have 81.7%. It is found that the cat and dog food labels totally comply with Turkish legislation rules. On the other hand, more information may be valuable in enlightening customers. The recommended amount of food per day was unclear in numerous products, which is an area of improvement. In future studies, competencies of the daily nutrition advice information on the labels can be evaluated.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required for this research.

Supporting Institution

There are no institutions supporting the study.

References

  • AAFCO (2023) Pet Food Labeling Guide. The Association of American Feed Control Officials. https://www.aafco.org/resources/guides-and-manuals/pet-food-labeling-guide/ Date accessed: 09.05.2024
  • Akinrinmade F, Akinrinde AS. (2011) Nutritional Composition and Label Evaluation of Some Commercial Dry Dog Foods in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Biomed Res, 14, 157–160. www.ajbrui.net Date accessed: 14.02.2024
  • Burdett SW, Mansilla WD, Shoveller AK. (2018) Article Many Canadian dog and cat foods fail to comply with the guaranteed analyses reported on packages. CVJ, 59.
  • Carciofi AC, Vasconcellos RS, Borges NC, Moro JV, Prada F, Fraga VO. (2006) Nutritional composition and label evaluation of dry dog foods sold in Jaboticabal-SP. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 58(3), 421–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352006000300021
  • Case LP. (2011) Canine and Feline Nutrition L. P. Case, Daristotle L., Hayek M. G., and Raasch M. F., Eds.; third). Mosby Elsevier. p. 10-160.
  • Davies M, Alborough R, Jones L, Davis C, Williams C, Gardner DS. (2017) Mineral analysis of complete dog and cat foods in the UK and compliance with European guidelines. Sci Rep, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17159-7
  • De Souza KK, Tonon KM, Scussel VM. (2013) Labels layout of cats and dogs food sold in Brazil and their national regulation adequacy. Ciênc Rural, 2(2), 366–369.
  • Dikmen D, Pekcan G. (2013) Türkiye’de Besin Etiketlerinin Etiketleme Yönetmeliği’ne Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi. Bes Diy Derg, 41(2), 132–139 (In Turkish).
  • FEDIAF (2019) Code of Good Labelling Practice for Pet Food. p. 1-78.
  • FEDIAF (2020) Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs. 99. FEDIAF (2023) FEDIAF Annual-Report. 44.
  • FDA (2022) FDA’s Regulation of Pet Food. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/fdas-regulation-pet-food Date accessed: 24.04.2024
  • Gosper EC, Raubenheimer D, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Chaves AV. (2016) Discrepancy between the composition of some commercial cat foods and their package labelling and suitability for meeting nutritional requirements. Aust Vet J, 94(1–2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12397
  • Hołda K, Berwid S, Głogowski R. (2014). The comparison of the label content in selected dry foods for dogs and cats in 2011 and 2013. Zesz Probl Postęp Nauk Roln, 576. 33-44.
  • Olivry T, Mueller RS. (2018) Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (5): Discrepancies between ingredients and labeling in commercial pet foods. BMC Vet Res, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1346-y
  • Resmi Gazete (2011) Yemlerin Piyasaya Arzı ve Kullanımı Hakkında Yönetmelik, Number: 28155. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111227-12.htm Date accessed: 14.03.2024. (In Turkish).
  • Stercova E, Strakova E, Tsponova J, Grmelova M, Janacova K, Muchova K. (2022) Nutritional evaluation of commercial dry dog foods available on the Czech market. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 106(3), 614–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13573
  • Sung-Ho J, So-Young L. (2023) Legal issues and challenges in pet food labeling system Wonkwang Uni Legal Research Institute, 30, 33-61 https://doi.org/10.22397/bml.2023.30.33
  • The European Parliament and of The Council (2009) Regulation (EU) No 767/2009. Official Journal of the European Union, 229(1). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0767 Date accessed: 13.05.2024.
  • Schleicher M, Cash SB, Freeman LM. (2019) Article Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions. Can Vet J, 60, 644–650.

Türkiye'den seçilmiş kedi ve köpek mamalarının etiketleri üzerine kesitsel bir çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 19 - 25, 04.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1490075

Abstract

Etiket bilgileri, ilk bakışta evcil hayvan mamasının içeriği ve özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinmemizi sağlar. Ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler, belirli etiket bilgilerinin eklenmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Türkiye'de kedi ve köpek mamalarının etiket bilgilerinin yeterliliği daha önce değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de satışta olan seçilmiş 215 evcil hayvan mamasının (Kedi=164, Köpek=51) etiket bilgileri, Türk yem mevzuatı ve Avrupa Evcil Hayvan Maması Endüstrisi Federasyonu tavsiyeleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Tüm mamaların etiket bilgilerinin Türk yem mevzuatına uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşılık, kedi mamalarının sadece %67,1'i ve köpek mamalarının %78'i metabolize enerji değerini ambalaj üzerinde belirtmiştir. Kedi mamalarının %60,8'i, köpek mamalarının ise %81,7'si internet sitesinde yer almaktadır. Kedi ve köpek maması etiketlerinin Türkiye'deki yönetmeliklerle uyumlu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Öte yandan, hayvan sahiplerinin daha fazla bilgilendirilmesi faydalı olabilir. Günlük önerilen beslenme miktarı birkaç üründe belirsizdir ve bu da iyileştirilmesi gereken bir alandır. Gelecekteki çalışmalarda, etiketlerdeki günlük beslenme önerileri bilgilerinin yeterlilikleri değerlendirilebilir.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma için etik kurulu izni alınmasına gerek yoktur.

Supporting Institution

Çalışmayı destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • AAFCO (2023) Pet Food Labeling Guide. The Association of American Feed Control Officials. https://www.aafco.org/resources/guides-and-manuals/pet-food-labeling-guide/ Date accessed: 09.05.2024
  • Akinrinmade F, Akinrinde AS. (2011) Nutritional Composition and Label Evaluation of Some Commercial Dry Dog Foods in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Biomed Res, 14, 157–160. www.ajbrui.net Date accessed: 14.02.2024
  • Burdett SW, Mansilla WD, Shoveller AK. (2018) Article Many Canadian dog and cat foods fail to comply with the guaranteed analyses reported on packages. CVJ, 59.
  • Carciofi AC, Vasconcellos RS, Borges NC, Moro JV, Prada F, Fraga VO. (2006) Nutritional composition and label evaluation of dry dog foods sold in Jaboticabal-SP. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 58(3), 421–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352006000300021
  • Case LP. (2011) Canine and Feline Nutrition L. P. Case, Daristotle L., Hayek M. G., and Raasch M. F., Eds.; third). Mosby Elsevier. p. 10-160.
  • Davies M, Alborough R, Jones L, Davis C, Williams C, Gardner DS. (2017) Mineral analysis of complete dog and cat foods in the UK and compliance with European guidelines. Sci Rep, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17159-7
  • De Souza KK, Tonon KM, Scussel VM. (2013) Labels layout of cats and dogs food sold in Brazil and their national regulation adequacy. Ciênc Rural, 2(2), 366–369.
  • Dikmen D, Pekcan G. (2013) Türkiye’de Besin Etiketlerinin Etiketleme Yönetmeliği’ne Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi. Bes Diy Derg, 41(2), 132–139 (In Turkish).
  • FEDIAF (2019) Code of Good Labelling Practice for Pet Food. p. 1-78.
  • FEDIAF (2020) Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs. 99. FEDIAF (2023) FEDIAF Annual-Report. 44.
  • FDA (2022) FDA’s Regulation of Pet Food. https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/fdas-regulation-pet-food Date accessed: 24.04.2024
  • Gosper EC, Raubenheimer D, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Chaves AV. (2016) Discrepancy between the composition of some commercial cat foods and their package labelling and suitability for meeting nutritional requirements. Aust Vet J, 94(1–2), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12397
  • Hołda K, Berwid S, Głogowski R. (2014). The comparison of the label content in selected dry foods for dogs and cats in 2011 and 2013. Zesz Probl Postęp Nauk Roln, 576. 33-44.
  • Olivry T, Mueller RS. (2018) Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (5): Discrepancies between ingredients and labeling in commercial pet foods. BMC Vet Res, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1346-y
  • Resmi Gazete (2011) Yemlerin Piyasaya Arzı ve Kullanımı Hakkında Yönetmelik, Number: 28155. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111227-12.htm Date accessed: 14.03.2024. (In Turkish).
  • Stercova E, Strakova E, Tsponova J, Grmelova M, Janacova K, Muchova K. (2022) Nutritional evaluation of commercial dry dog foods available on the Czech market. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 106(3), 614–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13573
  • Sung-Ho J, So-Young L. (2023) Legal issues and challenges in pet food labeling system Wonkwang Uni Legal Research Institute, 30, 33-61 https://doi.org/10.22397/bml.2023.30.33
  • The European Parliament and of The Council (2009) Regulation (EU) No 767/2009. Official Journal of the European Union, 229(1). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0767 Date accessed: 13.05.2024.
  • Schleicher M, Cash SB, Freeman LM. (2019) Article Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions. Can Vet J, 60, 644–650.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Feeding
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Tuğba Tuğçe Gündoğan 0009-0007-2276-3593

S. Buğra Öklen 0000-0003-1085-9882

Erdem Danyer 0000-0002-7922-7384

Tuğmaç Altınöz 0009-0005-9356-6779

Tanay Bilal 0000-0001-7258-6862

Publication Date July 4, 2024
Submission Date May 26, 2024
Acceptance Date June 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gündoğan, T. T., Öklen, S. B., Danyer, E., Altınöz, T., et al. (2024). Study on the labels of selected cat and dog foods from Türkiye. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 35(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1490075

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