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HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 15 - 27
https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1440186

Abstract

Gaz sektörünün karbondan arındırılması için en umut verici alternatif yakıtlar biyogaz ve hidrojendir. Fosil yakıtları karbon içermeyen yakıtlarla değiştirmek, nihai karbon nötrlüğü hedefine ulaşmak için önemli bir adımdır. Doğrudan mevcut doğal gaz enerji sistemlerinden saf hidrojene geçmek yerine, doğal gaza kademeli olarak hidrojen takviye edilmesi, sorunsuz bir geçiş sağlayabilir.
Bu makalede, ülkemizde ev ve ticari binaların ısıtılmasında kullanılan yoğuşmalı kazanlarda, %20 oranında hidrojen takviyeli doğalgaz kullanımının etkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan teorik incelemenin sonuçları, deneysel çalışmalar ile doğrulanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre mevcutta %100 doğalgaz ile çalışmak üzere tasarlanmış bir duvar tipi kazanın, %20 oranında hidrojen ve %80 oranında doğalgaz içeren bir karışım gazıyla yakılması durumunda cihazın ısıl gücünde yaklaşık %5’lik bir düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra cihazın baca gazı emisyonlarında azalma tespit edilmiştir. Maksimum ısıl güçte ölçülen baca gazındaki CO2 konsantrasyonu %9,3 seviyesinden %8,3’e, CO konsantrasyonları 71 ppm seviyesinden 42 ppm’e ve NOx konsantrasyonu da 19 mg/kWh mertebelerinden 12 mg/kWh’e düşmüştür.

References

  • [1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients by Fuel : Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2021.
  • [2] Flayyih, M.; Schaffert, J.; Carpentier, S.; Burmeister, F.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : THyGA project: Market segmentation of domestic and commercial natural gas appliances, Testing Hydrogen admixture for Gas Applications (THyGA); EU project, grant agreement no. 874983 (Project Report - Deliverable D2.1) : Essen, Germany; Stains, France : Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) : 2020.
  • [3] Citation: Xin, Y.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.;Zeng, F.; He, X.; Takyi, S.A.; Tontiwachwuthikul, P. : Numerical Simulation of Combustion of Natural Gas Mixed with Hydrogen in Gas Boilers. Energies 2021, 14
  • [4] Schiro, F.; Stoppato, A.; Benato, A. : Modelling and analyzing the impact of hydrogen enriched natural gas on domestic gas boilers in a decarbonization perspective, University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Venezia n.1, Padova, Italy : 2020
  • [5] Mayrhofer, M., Koller, M., Seemann, P. : Assessment of Natural Gas/Hydrogen Blends as an Alternative Fuel for Boilers, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 41, 15 June 2021
  • [6] Lo Basso, G. ; Nastasi, B. ; Astiaso Garcia,D. ; Cumo,F. :How to handle the Hydrogen enriched Natural Gas blends in combustion efficiency measurement procedure of conventional and condensing boilers, Energy, Volume 123, 15 March 2017
  • [7] Glanville, P.; Fridlyand, A.; Sutherland, B.; Liszka, M.; Zhao, Y.; Bingham, L.; Jorgensen : Impact of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends on Partially Premixed Combustion Equipment: NOx Emission and Operational Performance, Energies, 2022, 15
  • [8] Sorgulu,F. ; Ozturk, M. ; Javani, N. ; Dincer, I. Experimental investigation for combustion performance of hydrogen and natural gas fuel blends, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 48, Issue 88, 30 October 2023
  • [9] Boulahlib, M.S. ; Medaerts, F. ; Boukhalfa, M.A. : Experimental study of a domestic boiler using hydrogen methane blend and fuel-rich staged combustion, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 46, Issue 75, 29 October 2021
  • [10] Akman, M.A.; Marancı, M.K.; Sarıkaya, M.Ş. : Doğal Gaz Sektörü Hidrojene Geçişte Yol Haritası Önerileri : GAZBİR : Mart 2021
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  • [12] Schaffert, J.; Fischer, P.; Leicher, J.; Burmeister, F.; Flayyih. M,; Cigarida, H.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : Impact of hydrogen admixture on combustion processes – Part II: Practice: Essen, Germany; Stains, France : Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) December 2020.
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  • [15] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ hydrogen-H2-density-specific-weight-temperature-pressure-d_2044.html, Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [16] https://neutrium.net/properties/wobbe-index/ , Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [17] Leicher, J.; Schaffert, J.; Carpentier, S.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : Impact of hydrogen admixture on combustion processes – Part I: Theory: Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) : 24th of November, 2021.
  • [18] Inoue, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Domen, S.; Tamura, I.; Kawakami, T.; Tanimura, S. : Development of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Co-firing Gas Turbine : Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 55 No. 2 : June 2018.
  • [19] Jones, H.R.N. : The Application of Combustion Principles to Domestic Burner Design : Taylor & Francis : 1989.
  • [20] Hermanns, R.T.E. : Laminar Burning Velocities of Methane-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures : Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands : 2007.
  • [21] Comité Européen de Normalisation : EN 437 Test gases -Test pressures - Appliance categories : Brussels, Belgium, European Norm EN 437:2003 : 2003.
  • [22] UNI1609377 Requisiti specifici per caldaie che utilizzano gas combustibile del gruppo H e del gruppo E alle pressioni stabilite nella UNI EN 437 e in più utilizzano miscele di gas naturale e di idrogeno fino al 20% in volume: Comitato Italiano Gas: 2021.
  • [23] Regulation (EU) 2016/426 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on appliances burning gaseous fuels and repealing Directive 2009/142/EC : Brussels, Belgium, Regulation (EU) 2016/426 : 2016.
  • [24] Directive 2009/142/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 November 2009 relating to appliances burning gaseous fuels : European Union, Brussels, Belgium, Directive 2009/142/EC : 2009.
  • [25] Leicher, J., Giese, A., Görner, K., Werschy, M., Krause, H., Dörr, H. : Statistical Surveys on the Sensitivities of Industrial End-Users to Gas Quality Fluctuations in Germany : International Gas Union Research Conference (IGRC), Rio de Janeiro, Brasilien : 2017.
Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 15 - 27
https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1440186

Abstract

References

  • [1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients by Fuel : Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2021.
  • [2] Flayyih, M.; Schaffert, J.; Carpentier, S.; Burmeister, F.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : THyGA project: Market segmentation of domestic and commercial natural gas appliances, Testing Hydrogen admixture for Gas Applications (THyGA); EU project, grant agreement no. 874983 (Project Report - Deliverable D2.1) : Essen, Germany; Stains, France : Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) : 2020.
  • [3] Citation: Xin, Y.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.;Zeng, F.; He, X.; Takyi, S.A.; Tontiwachwuthikul, P. : Numerical Simulation of Combustion of Natural Gas Mixed with Hydrogen in Gas Boilers. Energies 2021, 14
  • [4] Schiro, F.; Stoppato, A.; Benato, A. : Modelling and analyzing the impact of hydrogen enriched natural gas on domestic gas boilers in a decarbonization perspective, University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Venezia n.1, Padova, Italy : 2020
  • [5] Mayrhofer, M., Koller, M., Seemann, P. : Assessment of Natural Gas/Hydrogen Blends as an Alternative Fuel for Boilers, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 41, 15 June 2021
  • [6] Lo Basso, G. ; Nastasi, B. ; Astiaso Garcia,D. ; Cumo,F. :How to handle the Hydrogen enriched Natural Gas blends in combustion efficiency measurement procedure of conventional and condensing boilers, Energy, Volume 123, 15 March 2017
  • [7] Glanville, P.; Fridlyand, A.; Sutherland, B.; Liszka, M.; Zhao, Y.; Bingham, L.; Jorgensen : Impact of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends on Partially Premixed Combustion Equipment: NOx Emission and Operational Performance, Energies, 2022, 15
  • [8] Sorgulu,F. ; Ozturk, M. ; Javani, N. ; Dincer, I. Experimental investigation for combustion performance of hydrogen and natural gas fuel blends, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 48, Issue 88, 30 October 2023
  • [9] Boulahlib, M.S. ; Medaerts, F. ; Boukhalfa, M.A. : Experimental study of a domestic boiler using hydrogen methane blend and fuel-rich staged combustion, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 46, Issue 75, 29 October 2021
  • [10] Akman, M.A.; Marancı, M.K.; Sarıkaya, M.Ş. : Doğal Gaz Sektörü Hidrojene Geçişte Yol Haritası Önerileri : GAZBİR : Mart 2021
  • [11] HyDeploy Project: Project Close Down Report : June 2021.
  • [12] Schaffert, J.; Fischer, P.; Leicher, J.; Burmeister, F.; Flayyih. M,; Cigarida, H.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : Impact of hydrogen admixture on combustion processes – Part II: Practice: Essen, Germany; Stains, France : Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) December 2020.
  • [13] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.html, Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [14] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ methane-density-specific-weight-temperature-pressure-d_2020.html , Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [15] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ hydrogen-H2-density-specific-weight-temperature-pressure-d_2044.html, Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [16] https://neutrium.net/properties/wobbe-index/ , Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2024
  • [17] Leicher, J.; Schaffert, J.; Carpentier, S.; Albus, R.; Görner, K. : Impact of hydrogen admixture on combustion processes – Part I: Theory: Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e.V. (GWI) : 24th of November, 2021.
  • [18] Inoue, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Domen, S.; Tamura, I.; Kawakami, T.; Tanimura, S. : Development of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Co-firing Gas Turbine : Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 55 No. 2 : June 2018.
  • [19] Jones, H.R.N. : The Application of Combustion Principles to Domestic Burner Design : Taylor & Francis : 1989.
  • [20] Hermanns, R.T.E. : Laminar Burning Velocities of Methane-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures : Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands : 2007.
  • [21] Comité Européen de Normalisation : EN 437 Test gases -Test pressures - Appliance categories : Brussels, Belgium, European Norm EN 437:2003 : 2003.
  • [22] UNI1609377 Requisiti specifici per caldaie che utilizzano gas combustibile del gruppo H e del gruppo E alle pressioni stabilite nella UNI EN 437 e in più utilizzano miscele di gas naturale e di idrogeno fino al 20% in volume: Comitato Italiano Gas: 2021.
  • [23] Regulation (EU) 2016/426 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on appliances burning gaseous fuels and repealing Directive 2009/142/EC : Brussels, Belgium, Regulation (EU) 2016/426 : 2016.
  • [24] Directive 2009/142/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 30 November 2009 relating to appliances burning gaseous fuels : European Union, Brussels, Belgium, Directive 2009/142/EC : 2009.
  • [25] Leicher, J., Giese, A., Görner, K., Werschy, M., Krause, H., Dörr, H. : Statistical Surveys on the Sensitivities of Industrial End-Users to Gas Quality Fluctuations in Germany : International Gas Union Research Conference (IGRC), Rio de Janeiro, Brasilien : 2017.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Volkan Tür 0000-0003-4282-7228

Ekrem Büyükkaya 0000-0001-7848-2749

Early Pub Date October 31, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date February 20, 2024
Acceptance Date July 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tür, V., & Büyükkaya, E. (2024). HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Uluslararası Yakıtlar Yanma Ve Yangın Dergisi, 12(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1440186
AMA Tür V, Büyükkaya E. HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. FCE Journal. October 2024;12(1):15-27. doi:10.52702/fce.1440186
Chicago Tür, Volkan, and Ekrem Büyükkaya. “HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Yakıtlar Yanma Ve Yangın Dergisi 12, no. 1 (October 2024): 15-27. https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1440186.
EndNote Tür V, Büyükkaya E (October 1, 2024) HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Uluslararası Yakıtlar Yanma Ve Yangın Dergisi 12 1 15–27.
IEEE V. Tür and E. Büyükkaya, “HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, FCE Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15–27, 2024, doi: 10.52702/fce.1440186.
ISNAD Tür, Volkan - Büyükkaya, Ekrem. “HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Yakıtlar Yanma Ve Yangın Dergisi 12/1 (October 2024), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.52702/fce.1440186.
JAMA Tür V, Büyükkaya E. HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. FCE Journal. 2024;12:15–27.
MLA Tür, Volkan and Ekrem Büyükkaya. “HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Uluslararası Yakıtlar Yanma Ve Yangın Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2024, pp. 15-27, doi:10.52702/fce.1440186.
Vancouver Tür V, Büyükkaya E. HİDROJEN TAKVİYELİ DOĞALGAZ KULLANIMININ YOĞUŞMALI KAZANLARA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. FCE Journal. 2024;12(1):15-27.