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Marriage, Family and Gender in Karagöz and in Late Ottoman İstanbul

Year 2017, , 58 - 70, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000188

Abstract

In this paper I investigate whether a thematic analysis of twenty-seven classical Karagöz Black Eye texts—an important representative of traditional Ottoman-Turkish drama—can provide us with the clues toward a better understanding of marriage, family and gender relations in the nineteenth and early twentieth century Ottoman İstanbul. In this respect, I discuss the following ideas as the prevailing themes of the plays: woman being an “imperfect man,” the burden of morality falling particularly on the shoulders of married women, and the consensus regarding the traditional sexual division of labor within the family. I then trace the contours of everyday gender relations through an examination of those relations between couples, married women, and parents and children in terms of the categories of class, equality/inequality, morality and language. I claim that these plays display the variations of care of the household, of its members and of the self , the emotional and the sexual dimensions of marriage, and reflections of the attempts at modernization in the Empire on the families and marriages of different classes. Finally, they enable us to understand better the tactics employed by married women to create spaces in which to negotiate the traditional norms of gender roles without transforming them

References

  • And, Metin . Karagöz, Turkish Shadow Theatre. (Ankara: Dost, 1979).
  • And, Metin. Karagöz Siyasal Bir Taşlamaydı da. Karagöz Kitabı. Sevengül Sönmez (eds.). (İstanbul: Kitapevi, 2005): 49 - 55) .
  • Brummett, Palmira, J.. Gender and Empire in Late Ottoman İstanbul: Caricature, Models of Empire, and the Case for Ottoman Exceptionalism, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27 302. (2) (2007): 283
  • Çakır, Serpil (2013). Osmanlı Kadın Hareketi (İstanbul: Metis, 2013).
  • Cantek, Levent. Alt-Kültür Popüler Direniş Yöntemleri, Birikim 105-106 (1998): 126-133
  • (http://www.birikimdergisi.com/birikim-yazi/6270/alt-kultur-populer-direnis-yontemleri).
  • Duben, Alan and Cem Behar. İstanbul Haneleri. Evlilik, Aile ve Doğurganlık 1880-1940 (İstanbul: İletişim, 1996).
  • Erdoğan, Necmi. Popüler Anlatılar ve Kemalist Pedagoji, Birikim 105-106 (1998): 117-125
  • (www.birikimdergisi.com/birikim-yazi/6269/populer-anlatilar-ve-kemalist-pedagoji).
  • Exertzoglu, Harris. The Cultural Uses of Consumption: Negotiating Class, Gender, and Nation in the Ottoman Urban Centers During the 19th Century, International Journal of Middle East Studies 35 (2003): 77-101.
  • Faroqhi, Suraiya. Osmanlı Kültürü ve Gündelik Yaşam. (İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1997).
  • Freitag, Ulrike. and Nora Lafi. Daily life and family in an Ottoman urban context: Historiographical stakes and new research perspectives. The History of Family, 16(2) (2011): 80-87.
  • Göçek, F.M. and Marc David Baer. “Social Boundaries of Ottoman Women’s Experience in the Eighteenth-Century Galata Court Records,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997): 48-66.
  • Imber, Colin, “Women, Marriage, and property: Mahr in the Behcetü’l-Fetãvã of Yenişehirli Abdullah,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 81-104.
  • Kandiyoti, Deniz. Cariyeler, Bacılar, Yurttaşlar (İstanbul: Metis, 2014)
  • Kudret, Cevdet. Karagöz I, II, III (İstanbul: YKY, 2004).
  • Meriwether, M.L. “Women and Waqf Revisited: The Case of Aleppo, 1770-1840” in Women in the Ottoman Empire. Women in the Ottoman Empire. M. C. Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 128-153.
  • Moors, Annelies. “Debating Islamic Family Law: Legal Texts and Social Practices”, in Marlee Meriwether and Judith Tucker (eds.), The Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1999), 141-177.
  • Pierce, Leslie.“Seniority, Sexuality, and Social Order: The Vocabulary of Gender in Early Modern Ottoman Society,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 169-213.
  • (Sayari) Toprak, Binnaz. “Religion and Turkish Women,” Women in Turkish Society, N.Abadan-Unat (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1981), 281-293.
  • Siyavuşgil, Sabri.E. İstanbul’da Karagöz, Karagöz’de İstanbul. Sevengül Sönmez (Haz.). Karagöz Kitabı (İstanbul: Kitapevi, 2005/1938), 104-118.
  • Timur, Serim. “Determinants of Family Structure in Turkey,”Women in Turkish Society, N.Abadan-Unat (eds.) (Leiden: Brill,1981), 59-74.
  • Tucker, Judith E. Muftis and Matrimony: Islamic law and Gender in Ottoman Syria and Palestine, Islamic law and Society 1(3)(1994) : 265-300.
  • Tucker, Judith. E., Women, Family and Gender in Islamic Law. (Cambridge, NY.: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
  • Yıldırım, B. and Salih Seyhan . “1914 Yılında Yayınlanan Kadın Gazetlerinden Kadınlık’a Göre Kadın,” İletişim 3 (2015): 39-65
  • Ze’evi, D’ror. Producing Desire, Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500-1900. (Berkeley: California University Press, 2006).
  • Zilfi, Madeline C. “The Fullness of Affection: Mothering in the Islamic Law of Ottoman Syria and Palestine,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill,1997), 232-253.

Karagöz ve Geç Osmanlı İstanbul’unda Evlilik, Aile ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet

Year 2017, , 58 - 70, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000188

Abstract

Karagöz ve Geç Osmanlı İstanbul’unda Evlilik, Aile ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bu araştırma, Osmanlı-Türk geleneksel tiyatrosunun önemli bir örneği olan Karagöz oyunlarını evlilik, aile ve toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkileri çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Araştırmaya temel teşkil eden metinler, kâr-i kadîm olarak da adlandırılan yirmi yedi klasik metinden oluşmaktadır. Bu metinlerin on dokuzuncu yüzyıl ile yirminci yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine ışık tuttuğu ve çoklukla İstanbul’da geçtiği kabul görmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, öncelikle, aile, evlilik ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri söz konusu olduğunda Karagöz’de öne çıkan temaların “eksik erkek olarak kadın” fikri, evli kadınların omuzlarına yüklenen ahlak sorumluluğu ve hane içinde geleneksel cinsiyetçi iş bölümünün sürdürülmesi olduğu tartışılmaktadır. İkinci olarak çiftler, evli kadınlar, ebeveynler ve çocukları arasındaki ilişkiler sınıf, eşitlik/eşitsizlik, ahlak ve dil kategorileriçerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Böylelikle hanenin, hane üyelerinin ve kişinin öz bakımının, evliliklerin duygusal ve cinsel boyutlarının ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun söz konusu dönemdeki modernleşme hamlelerinin farklı sınıflardaki aile ve evliliklerde ne şekilde değişim gösterdiği tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak, özellikle evli kadınların, geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini değiştirmeyi amaçlamayan ancak bunlarla pazarlık etmek için uyguladıkları taktikler ortaya konulmaktadır

References

  • And, Metin . Karagöz, Turkish Shadow Theatre. (Ankara: Dost, 1979).
  • And, Metin. Karagöz Siyasal Bir Taşlamaydı da. Karagöz Kitabı. Sevengül Sönmez (eds.). (İstanbul: Kitapevi, 2005): 49 - 55) .
  • Brummett, Palmira, J.. Gender and Empire in Late Ottoman İstanbul: Caricature, Models of Empire, and the Case for Ottoman Exceptionalism, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27 302. (2) (2007): 283
  • Çakır, Serpil (2013). Osmanlı Kadın Hareketi (İstanbul: Metis, 2013).
  • Cantek, Levent. Alt-Kültür Popüler Direniş Yöntemleri, Birikim 105-106 (1998): 126-133
  • (http://www.birikimdergisi.com/birikim-yazi/6270/alt-kultur-populer-direnis-yontemleri).
  • Duben, Alan and Cem Behar. İstanbul Haneleri. Evlilik, Aile ve Doğurganlık 1880-1940 (İstanbul: İletişim, 1996).
  • Erdoğan, Necmi. Popüler Anlatılar ve Kemalist Pedagoji, Birikim 105-106 (1998): 117-125
  • (www.birikimdergisi.com/birikim-yazi/6269/populer-anlatilar-ve-kemalist-pedagoji).
  • Exertzoglu, Harris. The Cultural Uses of Consumption: Negotiating Class, Gender, and Nation in the Ottoman Urban Centers During the 19th Century, International Journal of Middle East Studies 35 (2003): 77-101.
  • Faroqhi, Suraiya. Osmanlı Kültürü ve Gündelik Yaşam. (İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1997).
  • Freitag, Ulrike. and Nora Lafi. Daily life and family in an Ottoman urban context: Historiographical stakes and new research perspectives. The History of Family, 16(2) (2011): 80-87.
  • Göçek, F.M. and Marc David Baer. “Social Boundaries of Ottoman Women’s Experience in the Eighteenth-Century Galata Court Records,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997): 48-66.
  • Imber, Colin, “Women, Marriage, and property: Mahr in the Behcetü’l-Fetãvã of Yenişehirli Abdullah,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 81-104.
  • Kandiyoti, Deniz. Cariyeler, Bacılar, Yurttaşlar (İstanbul: Metis, 2014)
  • Kudret, Cevdet. Karagöz I, II, III (İstanbul: YKY, 2004).
  • Meriwether, M.L. “Women and Waqf Revisited: The Case of Aleppo, 1770-1840” in Women in the Ottoman Empire. Women in the Ottoman Empire. M. C. Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 128-153.
  • Moors, Annelies. “Debating Islamic Family Law: Legal Texts and Social Practices”, in Marlee Meriwether and Judith Tucker (eds.), The Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1999), 141-177.
  • Pierce, Leslie.“Seniority, Sexuality, and Social Order: The Vocabulary of Gender in Early Modern Ottoman Society,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1997), 169-213.
  • (Sayari) Toprak, Binnaz. “Religion and Turkish Women,” Women in Turkish Society, N.Abadan-Unat (eds.) (Leiden: Brill, 1981), 281-293.
  • Siyavuşgil, Sabri.E. İstanbul’da Karagöz, Karagöz’de İstanbul. Sevengül Sönmez (Haz.). Karagöz Kitabı (İstanbul: Kitapevi, 2005/1938), 104-118.
  • Timur, Serim. “Determinants of Family Structure in Turkey,”Women in Turkish Society, N.Abadan-Unat (eds.) (Leiden: Brill,1981), 59-74.
  • Tucker, Judith E. Muftis and Matrimony: Islamic law and Gender in Ottoman Syria and Palestine, Islamic law and Society 1(3)(1994) : 265-300.
  • Tucker, Judith. E., Women, Family and Gender in Islamic Law. (Cambridge, NY.: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
  • Yıldırım, B. and Salih Seyhan . “1914 Yılında Yayınlanan Kadın Gazetlerinden Kadınlık’a Göre Kadın,” İletişim 3 (2015): 39-65
  • Ze’evi, D’ror. Producing Desire, Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500-1900. (Berkeley: California University Press, 2006).
  • Zilfi, Madeline C. “The Fullness of Affection: Mothering in the Islamic Law of Ottoman Syria and Palestine,” Women in the Ottoman Empire. Madeline Zilfi (eds.) (Leiden: Brill,1997), 232-253.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

D Burcu Eğilmez This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

Chicago Eğilmez, D Burcu. “Karagöz Ve Geç Osmanlı İstanbul’unda Evlilik, Aile Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet”. Fe Dergi 9, no. 2 (June 2017): 58-70. https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000188.