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Sātī Bīk Sati Bek and the Post-Ilkhānid Middle East

Year 2017, , 70 - 80, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000189

Abstract

Abū Sa’īd died in 1335, and having no successor, political and social instability developed. The amīrs who aimed to gain control of the Ilkhānid crown competed with each other by crowning the non- Ilkhānid Chinggisid princes as puppet Khans. In such an environment, some Ilkhānid women, mainly Abū Sa’īd’s sister Sati Beg as the real representatives of the Ilkhān, had an impact on political and military struggles; sometimes, they even directed those developments. Although many powerful amīrs gained support of the khans from the Chinggisid line, they were unable to realize their goal without the approval of Sati Beg. Certainly, the loyalty of the native people of the Middle East, especially the warriors of the armies in Turco-Mongol societies was necessary as, in general, they were loyal to the Ilkhāns, not the Chinggisids and the people that considered her important

References

  • Aigle, Denis. “Iran under the Mongol Domination the Effectiveness and Failings of dual System,” Bulletin d’études Orientales, T-57 Supplément (Instut Francis du Proche-Orient, 2006-2007), 65-78.
  • Al-Āharī, Abū Bakr al-Qutbī (fl. 1350s). Ta’rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais (History of Shaikh Uwais). An Important Source for the History of Adharbaijān in the FourteenthCentury. Trans. J. B. van Loon (The Hague, 1954).
  • Ahmedī, Iskender-nāmeh (facsimile) ed. İsmail Ünver (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1983).
  • Barfield, Thomas J.“Tribe and State Relations,” Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East ed. Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner ( Univ. of California Press, 1990),153-182.
  • Dalkesen, Nilgün. “İlhanlı Valisi Emir Timurtaş’ın isyanı,” Kebikeç, no.43 ( 2017): 301-324.
  • Dalkesen, Nilgün. “Gender Roles and Women’s Status in Central Asia and Anatolia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.”Unpublished Ph.d. Thesis, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, 2007.
  • Diler, Ömer. Ilkhanids, Coinage of the Persian Mongols (İstanbul: Turkuaz Kitapçılık Yayıncılık, 2006).
  • Golden, Peter. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992).
  • Ḥāfeẓ Abrū. Zeyl-i Cāmi’u’t-tevārîh-i Reşîdî ed. Hānbābā Beyānî (Tehrān: Şerket-i Tezamni ‘Ali, 1317/1997).
  • Jackson, Peter. “Sati Bik,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online 2016, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sati-bik- princess (accessed on 09 November 2016).
  • Jürgen, Paul. “Mongol Aristocrats and Beyliks in Anatolia. A Study of Astarābādī’s Bazm va Razm,” Eurasian Studies 10, no.1-2 (2011):103-156.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa Tancī, Ebû Abdullah Muhammed, İbn Battûta Seyahatnāmesi I.Trans., A. Sait Aykut (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2004).
  • Lapidus, Ira M. “Tribes and State Formation in Islamic History,” Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East ed. Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner ( Univ. of California Press, 1990) 25-47.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes, “Women in Timurid Dynastic Politics,” Women in Iran, From the Rise of Islam to 1800 ed. Guity Nashat and Lois Beck (Urbana and Chicago: Univ. of Illinois press, 2003), 121-139.
  • Melville, Charles, “Anatolia under the Mongols,” The Cambridge History of Turkey, Vol I, Byzantium to Turkey 1071- 1453 ed. Kate Fleet ( Cambridge University Press, 2009), 51-101.
  • Melville, Charles. The Fall of Amir Chupan and the Decline of the Ilkhanate, 1327-37: A decade of Discord in Mongol Iran (Bloomington, Indiana: Papers on Inner Asia, 1999).
  • Melville, Charles and ‘Abbās Zaryāb, “Chobanids”
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  • http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers.
  • Melville, Charles, “Abû Saȋ’d and the Revolt of the Amirs in 1319,” L’Iran Face Ȧ La Domination Mongole ed. Denis Aigle (Téhéran: Institut Français de Recherce en Iran, 1997), 89-120.
  • Nicola, Bruno. Women in Mongol Iran; The Khatuns 1206-1335 (U.K.: University of Edinburgh press, 2017).
  • Shabānkāre’î, Muhammed b. ‘Alî b. Muhammed, Mecma’u’l-Ensāb, ed Mîr Hāşim Muhaddis (Tehran: Emir Kebir, 1376/1997).
  • Saltık, “Dede Şeyh Ḥasanlar ile Aşiret Şeyh Ḥasanlar,”Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi no. 66 (2013): 290-295.
  • Spuler, Bertold. İran Moğolları; Siyaset, İdare ve Kültür, lhanlılar Devri, 1220-1250. Trans. Cemal Köprülü (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu: 1957).
  • Tārih-i Elfī; Tarih-i Hezar Sale-i İslam, v.7 ed.Golamirza Tabatabayi Mecid (Tehrān: Şirket-i İntişarat-ı ‘İlmi ve Ferhengi, 1382).
  • Sümer, Faruk. Karakoyunlular (Başlangıçtan Cihan Şah’a Kadar) (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1992).
  • Sümer, Faruk . “Anadolu’da Moğollar,” Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi I (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1969): 1-145.
  • Togan, Ahmet Zeki Velîdî. Umumi Türk Tarihine Giriş (İstanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1970).
  • Togan, İsenbike. “Variation in the Perception of Jasagh,” History of Central Asia in Modern Medieval Studies. In Memoriam of Professor Roziya Mukminova (Yangi Nashr, 2013): 67-101.
  • Üçok, Bahriye. İslām Devletlerinde Kadın Hükümdarlar, (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1963).
  • Yinanç, Mükremin Halil. Düsturnamei Enverī (İstanbul: Türk Tarih Encümeni Külliyatı, İstanbul Evkaf Matbaası, 1929).
  • Wing, Patrick. The Jalayirids ( Edinburgh University Press, 2016).

Satı Beg Sati Bik ve İlhanlı Sonrası Orta Doğu

Year 2017, , 70 - 80, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000189

Abstract

Ebu Said Han’ın 1335 yılında ölümünden sonra, hâlihazırda yerine geçecek bir erkek evladı olmadığı için İlhanlı devletinde siyasi ve sosyal bir kargaşa oluştu. İlhanlı tahtına göz koyan emirler Cengiz Han soyundan prensleri tahta çıkardıkları kukla hanlar aracılığı ile birbirleriyle siyasi ve askeri mücadeleler içine girdiler. Bu ortamda başta Ebu Said’in kız kardeşi Satı Beg olmak üzere hanedanlık kadınları, İlhanlı hanedanlığının gerçek temsilcileri olarak siyasi ve askeri gelişmeleri etkilediler hatta çoğu zaman yönlendirdiler. Pek çok güçlü emir, yanlarına Cengiz Han soyundan hanları almalarına rağmen, Satı Beg ’in onayını olmadan başarılı olamadılar. Bunda şüphesiz Orta Doğu coğrafyasında İlhanlı hanedanlığına mensup olan halkın, özellikle de orduların savaşçı gücünü oluşturan Türk-Moğol topluluklarının Cengiz Han soyundan gelen bütün hanlara değil, İlhanlı hanedanlığına olan sadakatleri çok etkili olmuştur. İşte bu hanedanlığın temsilcisi olması Satı Beg’in cinsiyetinden daha önemli olmuş ve bu ara dönemde siyasi ve askeri gelişmelerde çok etkili olmuştur

References

  • Aigle, Denis. “Iran under the Mongol Domination the Effectiveness and Failings of dual System,” Bulletin d’études Orientales, T-57 Supplément (Instut Francis du Proche-Orient, 2006-2007), 65-78.
  • Al-Āharī, Abū Bakr al-Qutbī (fl. 1350s). Ta’rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais (History of Shaikh Uwais). An Important Source for the History of Adharbaijān in the FourteenthCentury. Trans. J. B. van Loon (The Hague, 1954).
  • Ahmedī, Iskender-nāmeh (facsimile) ed. İsmail Ünver (Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1983).
  • Barfield, Thomas J.“Tribe and State Relations,” Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East ed. Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner ( Univ. of California Press, 1990),153-182.
  • Dalkesen, Nilgün. “İlhanlı Valisi Emir Timurtaş’ın isyanı,” Kebikeç, no.43 ( 2017): 301-324.
  • Dalkesen, Nilgün. “Gender Roles and Women’s Status in Central Asia and Anatolia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.”Unpublished Ph.d. Thesis, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, 2007.
  • Diler, Ömer. Ilkhanids, Coinage of the Persian Mongols (İstanbul: Turkuaz Kitapçılık Yayıncılık, 2006).
  • Golden, Peter. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples; Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1992).
  • Ḥāfeẓ Abrū. Zeyl-i Cāmi’u’t-tevārîh-i Reşîdî ed. Hānbābā Beyānî (Tehrān: Şerket-i Tezamni ‘Ali, 1317/1997).
  • Jackson, Peter. “Sati Bik,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online 2016, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sati-bik- princess (accessed on 09 November 2016).
  • Jürgen, Paul. “Mongol Aristocrats and Beyliks in Anatolia. A Study of Astarābādī’s Bazm va Razm,” Eurasian Studies 10, no.1-2 (2011):103-156.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa Tancī, Ebû Abdullah Muhammed, İbn Battûta Seyahatnāmesi I.Trans., A. Sait Aykut (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2004).
  • Lapidus, Ira M. “Tribes and State Formation in Islamic History,” Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East ed. Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner ( Univ. of California Press, 1990) 25-47.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes, “Women in Timurid Dynastic Politics,” Women in Iran, From the Rise of Islam to 1800 ed. Guity Nashat and Lois Beck (Urbana and Chicago: Univ. of Illinois press, 2003), 121-139.
  • Melville, Charles, “Anatolia under the Mongols,” The Cambridge History of Turkey, Vol I, Byzantium to Turkey 1071- 1453 ed. Kate Fleet ( Cambridge University Press, 2009), 51-101.
  • Melville, Charles. The Fall of Amir Chupan and the Decline of the Ilkhanate, 1327-37: A decade of Discord in Mongol Iran (Bloomington, Indiana: Papers on Inner Asia, 1999).
  • Melville, Charles and ‘Abbās Zaryāb, “Chobanids”
  • Encyclopedia Iranica (1991) 2011
  • http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chobanids-chupanids-pers.
  • Melville, Charles, “Abû Saȋ’d and the Revolt of the Amirs in 1319,” L’Iran Face Ȧ La Domination Mongole ed. Denis Aigle (Téhéran: Institut Français de Recherce en Iran, 1997), 89-120.
  • Nicola, Bruno. Women in Mongol Iran; The Khatuns 1206-1335 (U.K.: University of Edinburgh press, 2017).
  • Shabānkāre’î, Muhammed b. ‘Alî b. Muhammed, Mecma’u’l-Ensāb, ed Mîr Hāşim Muhaddis (Tehran: Emir Kebir, 1376/1997).
  • Saltık, “Dede Şeyh Ḥasanlar ile Aşiret Şeyh Ḥasanlar,”Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi no. 66 (2013): 290-295.
  • Spuler, Bertold. İran Moğolları; Siyaset, İdare ve Kültür, lhanlılar Devri, 1220-1250. Trans. Cemal Köprülü (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu: 1957).
  • Tārih-i Elfī; Tarih-i Hezar Sale-i İslam, v.7 ed.Golamirza Tabatabayi Mecid (Tehrān: Şirket-i İntişarat-ı ‘İlmi ve Ferhengi, 1382).
  • Sümer, Faruk. Karakoyunlular (Başlangıçtan Cihan Şah’a Kadar) (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1992).
  • Sümer, Faruk . “Anadolu’da Moğollar,” Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi I (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1969): 1-145.
  • Togan, Ahmet Zeki Velîdî. Umumi Türk Tarihine Giriş (İstanbul: Enderun Kitabevi, 1970).
  • Togan, İsenbike. “Variation in the Perception of Jasagh,” History of Central Asia in Modern Medieval Studies. In Memoriam of Professor Roziya Mukminova (Yangi Nashr, 2013): 67-101.
  • Üçok, Bahriye. İslām Devletlerinde Kadın Hükümdarlar, (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1963).
  • Yinanç, Mükremin Halil. Düsturnamei Enverī (İstanbul: Türk Tarih Encümeni Külliyatı, İstanbul Evkaf Matbaası, 1929).
  • Wing, Patrick. The Jalayirids ( Edinburgh University Press, 2016).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilgün Dalkesen This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

Chicago Dalkesen, Nilgün. “Satı Beg Sati Bik Ve İlhanlı Sonrası Orta Doğu”. Fe Dergi 9, no. 2 (June 2017): 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000189.