BibTex RIS Cite

“The Master of Muscles”: Fitness Discourse in Men’s Health Magazine

Year 2015, , 20 - 34, 01.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000140

Abstract

“The Master of Muscles”: Fitness Discourse in Men’s Health Magazine In this article, it is aimed to explore the discourses on construction of male body in men’s magazines in the case of Men’s Health Magazine. For that purpose, the section dedicated to the subject of fitness is analysed as this subject plays a central role in the discourse on formation of man's body. Therefore it is stated that in the magazine the bodily demonstration of men is based on the presentation of “the ideal man body”. That presentation as different from traditional presentation forms serves to exhibit bodies meticulously constructed and provoke the will to have a body like that. But the important point in that visibility is the persistence of the emphasis on powerfulness, toughness and masculinity. Promotion of bigness and powerfulness helps to protect masculinity against the danger of feminization. While representing bigness and powerfulness, the upper body being central to the construction of a masculine body is approached as a part of a fragmented body. Another prominent theme in the magazine is the emphasis on working hard in order to achieve the desired body by focusing on the process rather than the result

References

  • Anton Budd, Michael, The Sculpture Machine: Physical Culture and Body Politics in the Age of Empire. (New York: New York University Press, 1997).
  • Ashcraft, Karen ve Mumby, Dennis K. Reworking Gender: A Feminist Communicology of Organization, (California: Sage pub., 2004)
  • Bederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880- 1917. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
  • Benwell, Bethan. “Introduction: Masculinity and Men's Lifestyle Magazines” The Sociological Review 51 no. 1 (2003): 6-29.
  • Berger, John, Ways of Seeing, (Londra: Penguin Books, 1972)
  • Bordo, Susan, The Male Body. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000).
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984).
  • Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter. (Londra: Routledge, 1993).
  • Connell, Raewyn. Which way is up? : Essays on sex, class and culture. (George Allen and Unwin: Sydney, 1983).
  • Connell, Raewyn. Masculinities. (California: Polity Press, 1995).
  • Connell, Raewyn. (1987). Gender and Power. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987).
  • Courtenay, Will. “Constructions of Masculinity and Their Influence on Men’s Well-being: A Theory of Gender and Health”. Social Science & Medicine 50, no. 10, (2000): 1385-1401.
  • Doruk, Özlem, Disiplin Toplumu ve Haber Söylemi: Gökkuşağı Derneği’nce Yapılması Planlanan Yürüyüşün Engellemesine İlişkin Haberlerin Çözümlenmesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2, no. 1, (2013): 106-132.
  • Edwards, Tim, “Sex, Booze and Fags: Masculinity, Style and Men’s Magazines”, The Sociological Review, 51, no: 1, (2003): 132- 146.
  • Erdoğan, İlker, Erkek Dergilerinde (Men's Health-FHM-Esquire Türkiye Örneğinde) Hegemonik Erkek(lik), Beden Politikaları ve Yeni Erkek İmajı, Medyada Hegemonik Erkek(lik) ve Temsil, der. Erdoğan, İ. Ankara: Kalkedon yay., 2011): 41-68.
  • Erdoğan, İlker, Erkek Dergilerinde Sağlıklı Erkek Neden İdeal Erkektir? Men’s Health Dergisi'nde Hegemonik Erkeklik ve Popüler Sağlık Söylemi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, Özel sayı 3, (2014): 133-154.
  • Gill, Rosalind., Henwood, Karen ve McLean, Carl. Body projects and the regulation of normative masculinity. London: LSE Research Articles Online, 2005 Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000371
  • Gillett, James ve White, Philip. “Male Bodybuilding and the Reassertion of Hegemonic Masculinity: A Critical Feminist Perspective”.Play & Culture 5, no. 4, (1992): 358-369.
  • Hall , Matthew ve Gough,Brendan. “Magazine and reader constructions of ‘metrosexuality’ and masculinity: a membership categorisation analysis”. Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 1, (2011): 67-86.
  • Jackson, Peter., Stevenson, Nick ve Brooks, Kate. Making Sense of Men's Magazines (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001).
  • Klein, Alan. Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. (New York: State University of New York Press, 1993).
  • Leit, Richard., Pope, Harison ve Gray, James. “Cultural Expectations of Muscularity in Men: The Evolution of Playgirl Centerfolds” . International Journal of Eating Disorders 29, (2001): 90–93.
  • Lynne, Luciano. “Muscularity and Masculinity in the United States: A Historical Overview”. The Muscular Ideal: Psychological, Social, and Medical Perspectives der. Kevin Thompson ve Guy Cafri (Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, x, 2007, 265 pp.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11581-002 ), 41-65.
  • Men’s Health. “Zayıf Erkeğin Kaslanma Rehberi” (tarihsiza) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/zayif-erkegin-kaslanma- rehberi/#.VEQNQSLLdcQ (erişim tarihi 13.09.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Hedef Tek Daha Büyük Kaslar” (tarihsizb )http://www.menshealth.com.tr/hedef-tek-daha-buyuk-kaslar/ (erişim tarihi 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Sporcu Vücuduna Sahip Ol” (tarihsizc) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/sporcu-vucuduna-sahip-ol/#.VEf-CKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014)
  • Men’s Health.“Kasın Yeni Efendisi” (tarihsizd) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kasin-yeni-efendisi/#.VEQcvSLLdcQ, (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Kusursuz Göğüs Kasları” (tarihsize) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kusursuz-gogus-kaslari/#.VEf7uiKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Kaslanmanın Aşk Hayatına Etkisi” (tarihsizf) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kaslanmanin-ask-hayatina- etkisi/nggallery/image/guclu-kollar/#.VGX8NzSUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Bu Vücuda Sahip Olun”(tarihsizg) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/bu-vucuda-sahip-olun/ (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014 )
  • Men’s Health. “Sıkı Baklavalar” (tarihsizi) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kaslanmanin-ask-hayatina-etkisi/nggallery/image/siki- baklavalar/ (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Daha Hızlı Kas Geliştirmek İçin” (tarihsizj) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/daha-hizli-kas-gelistirmek-icin/ (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014)
  • Men’s Health.“Sizi Kimse Durduramaz” (tarihsizk) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/sizi-kimse-durduramaz/#.VEF2liKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Messner, Michael. Power at play: Sports and the problem of masculinity. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1992).
  • Morgan, David. You can too have a body like mine. Body Matters: Essays on the Sociology of the Body der. Sue Scott, S. ve David Morgan, (Londra: The Falmer Press, 1993).
  • Pacteu, Francette. Güzellik Semptomu. (İstanbul: Ayrıntı yay., 2005)
  • Penelope, Byrde. The Male Image: Men's Fashion in Britain, 1300-1970. (Indiana: Batsford, 1979).
  • Pope, Harison., Phillips, Katerine ve Olivardia, Roberto. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. (New York: Free Press, 2000).
  • Ricciardelli, Lina A., McCabe, Marita P. ve Ridge, Damien. “The Construction of the Adolescent Male Body through Sport” Journal of Health Psychology 11 (4), (2006): 577-587.
  • Sadler, Jr, William. “Competiton out of bounds. Sport in American Life”. Sport Sociology: Contemporary Themes der. A. Yiannakis, T.D. McIntyre, M.J. Melnick ve D.P. Hart., Dubuque, (IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1976): 253-261.
  • Savran, David. Taking It Like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture. (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1998).
  • Shilling, Chris. The Body and Social Theory. (Londra: Sage, 1993).
  • Spencer, Beth. The Body as Fiction / Fiction as a Way of Thinking. Unpublished Phd thesis, Part 1: (University of Ballarat, Australia, March 2006).
  • Stibbe, Arran. “Health and the Social Construction of Masculinity in Men’s Health Magazine” .Men and Masculinities 7, no. 1, (2004): 31-51.
  • Thompson, J. Kevin, “Body Image, Bodybuilding, and Cultural Ideal of Muscularity”. Meso-morphosis, 30 (1999): 1-6.
  • Van Dijk, Teun, New Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press, (New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1995).

“Kasların efendisi”: Men’s Health dergisinde fitness söylemi

Year 2015, , 20 - 34, 01.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000140

Abstract

Bu makalede erkek bedeninin inşasına dönük söylemin erkek dergilerinde nasıl kurulduğunun Men’s Health dergisi örneği üzerinden incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla derginin web sayfasının, son yıllarda erkek bedeninin biçimlendirilmesine ilişkin söylemde merkezi bir yer kaplayan fitness konusuna ayrılan bölümü analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda dergide fitness bölümündeki söylemin güçlü olmak, üst bedenin yüceltildiği parçalı bir beden kurgusu, çok çalışmak ve elde etmek temaları etrafında şekillendiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Derginin fitness bölümünde, erkeklerin bedensel gösterimleri “ideal erkek bedeni”nin sunumuna dönüktür. Söz konusu sunum, geleneksel temsil biçimlerinden farklı olarak özenle inşa edilmiş bedenleri sergilemeye ve o bedenlere sahip olmaya dönük isteği kışkırtmaya hizmet etmektedir. Fakat burada önemli olan, güçlülüğün, sertliğin ve erkeksiliğin vurgulanmaya devam etmesidir. Bedeni görünürleşen erkeğin kadınsılaşma tehlikesi karşısında erkekliğini koruması büyüklük ve güçlülük vurgusunun öne çıkması yoluyla sağlanmaktadır. Büyüklük ve güçlülüğün sergilenmesi sırasında üst beden, eril beden inşasının merkezi olarak, parçalı bedenin bir bölümü şeklinde ele alınmaktadır. Dergide öne çıkan bir başka tema ise sonuçtan çok istenen bedenin inşa edilmesi sürecine odaklanılarak, istenilen amaca ulaşmada çok çalışmanın öneminin vurgulanmasıdır

References

  • Anton Budd, Michael, The Sculpture Machine: Physical Culture and Body Politics in the Age of Empire. (New York: New York University Press, 1997).
  • Ashcraft, Karen ve Mumby, Dennis K. Reworking Gender: A Feminist Communicology of Organization, (California: Sage pub., 2004)
  • Bederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880- 1917. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
  • Benwell, Bethan. “Introduction: Masculinity and Men's Lifestyle Magazines” The Sociological Review 51 no. 1 (2003): 6-29.
  • Berger, John, Ways of Seeing, (Londra: Penguin Books, 1972)
  • Bordo, Susan, The Male Body. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000).
  • Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984).
  • Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter. (Londra: Routledge, 1993).
  • Connell, Raewyn. Which way is up? : Essays on sex, class and culture. (George Allen and Unwin: Sydney, 1983).
  • Connell, Raewyn. Masculinities. (California: Polity Press, 1995).
  • Connell, Raewyn. (1987). Gender and Power. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987).
  • Courtenay, Will. “Constructions of Masculinity and Their Influence on Men’s Well-being: A Theory of Gender and Health”. Social Science & Medicine 50, no. 10, (2000): 1385-1401.
  • Doruk, Özlem, Disiplin Toplumu ve Haber Söylemi: Gökkuşağı Derneği’nce Yapılması Planlanan Yürüyüşün Engellemesine İlişkin Haberlerin Çözümlenmesi, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2, no. 1, (2013): 106-132.
  • Edwards, Tim, “Sex, Booze and Fags: Masculinity, Style and Men’s Magazines”, The Sociological Review, 51, no: 1, (2003): 132- 146.
  • Erdoğan, İlker, Erkek Dergilerinde (Men's Health-FHM-Esquire Türkiye Örneğinde) Hegemonik Erkek(lik), Beden Politikaları ve Yeni Erkek İmajı, Medyada Hegemonik Erkek(lik) ve Temsil, der. Erdoğan, İ. Ankara: Kalkedon yay., 2011): 41-68.
  • Erdoğan, İlker, Erkek Dergilerinde Sağlıklı Erkek Neden İdeal Erkektir? Men’s Health Dergisi'nde Hegemonik Erkeklik ve Popüler Sağlık Söylemi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İleti-ş-im Dergisi, Özel sayı 3, (2014): 133-154.
  • Gill, Rosalind., Henwood, Karen ve McLean, Carl. Body projects and the regulation of normative masculinity. London: LSE Research Articles Online, 2005 Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/archive/00000371
  • Gillett, James ve White, Philip. “Male Bodybuilding and the Reassertion of Hegemonic Masculinity: A Critical Feminist Perspective”.Play & Culture 5, no. 4, (1992): 358-369.
  • Hall , Matthew ve Gough,Brendan. “Magazine and reader constructions of ‘metrosexuality’ and masculinity: a membership categorisation analysis”. Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 1, (2011): 67-86.
  • Jackson, Peter., Stevenson, Nick ve Brooks, Kate. Making Sense of Men's Magazines (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001).
  • Klein, Alan. Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. (New York: State University of New York Press, 1993).
  • Leit, Richard., Pope, Harison ve Gray, James. “Cultural Expectations of Muscularity in Men: The Evolution of Playgirl Centerfolds” . International Journal of Eating Disorders 29, (2001): 90–93.
  • Lynne, Luciano. “Muscularity and Masculinity in the United States: A Historical Overview”. The Muscular Ideal: Psychological, Social, and Medical Perspectives der. Kevin Thompson ve Guy Cafri (Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, x, 2007, 265 pp.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11581-002 ), 41-65.
  • Men’s Health. “Zayıf Erkeğin Kaslanma Rehberi” (tarihsiza) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/zayif-erkegin-kaslanma- rehberi/#.VEQNQSLLdcQ (erişim tarihi 13.09.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Hedef Tek Daha Büyük Kaslar” (tarihsizb )http://www.menshealth.com.tr/hedef-tek-daha-buyuk-kaslar/ (erişim tarihi 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Sporcu Vücuduna Sahip Ol” (tarihsizc) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/sporcu-vucuduna-sahip-ol/#.VEf-CKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014)
  • Men’s Health.“Kasın Yeni Efendisi” (tarihsizd) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kasin-yeni-efendisi/#.VEQcvSLLdcQ, (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Kusursuz Göğüs Kasları” (tarihsize) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kusursuz-gogus-kaslari/#.VEf7uiKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Kaslanmanın Aşk Hayatına Etkisi” (tarihsizf) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kaslanmanin-ask-hayatina- etkisi/nggallery/image/guclu-kollar/#.VGX8NzSUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Bu Vücuda Sahip Olun”(tarihsizg) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/bu-vucuda-sahip-olun/ (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014 )
  • Men’s Health. “Sıkı Baklavalar” (tarihsizi) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/kaslanmanin-ask-hayatina-etkisi/nggallery/image/siki- baklavalar/ (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Men’s Health. “Daha Hızlı Kas Geliştirmek İçin” (tarihsizj) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/daha-hizli-kas-gelistirmek-icin/ (erişim tarihi: 01.10.2014)
  • Men’s Health.“Sizi Kimse Durduramaz” (tarihsizk) http://www.menshealth.com.tr/sizi-kimse-durduramaz/#.VEF2liKUeSo (erişim tarihi: 01.07.2014)
  • Messner, Michael. Power at play: Sports and the problem of masculinity. (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1992).
  • Morgan, David. You can too have a body like mine. Body Matters: Essays on the Sociology of the Body der. Sue Scott, S. ve David Morgan, (Londra: The Falmer Press, 1993).
  • Pacteu, Francette. Güzellik Semptomu. (İstanbul: Ayrıntı yay., 2005)
  • Penelope, Byrde. The Male Image: Men's Fashion in Britain, 1300-1970. (Indiana: Batsford, 1979).
  • Pope, Harison., Phillips, Katerine ve Olivardia, Roberto. The Adonis Complex: The Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession. (New York: Free Press, 2000).
  • Ricciardelli, Lina A., McCabe, Marita P. ve Ridge, Damien. “The Construction of the Adolescent Male Body through Sport” Journal of Health Psychology 11 (4), (2006): 577-587.
  • Sadler, Jr, William. “Competiton out of bounds. Sport in American Life”. Sport Sociology: Contemporary Themes der. A. Yiannakis, T.D. McIntyre, M.J. Melnick ve D.P. Hart., Dubuque, (IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1976): 253-261.
  • Savran, David. Taking It Like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture. (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1998).
  • Shilling, Chris. The Body and Social Theory. (Londra: Sage, 1993).
  • Spencer, Beth. The Body as Fiction / Fiction as a Way of Thinking. Unpublished Phd thesis, Part 1: (University of Ballarat, Australia, March 2006).
  • Stibbe, Arran. “Health and the Social Construction of Masculinity in Men’s Health Magazine” .Men and Masculinities 7, no. 1, (2004): 31-51.
  • Thompson, J. Kevin, “Body Image, Bodybuilding, and Cultural Ideal of Muscularity”. Meso-morphosis, 30 (1999): 1-6.
  • Van Dijk, Teun, New Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press, (New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1995).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlknur Hacısoftaoğlu This is me

Safter Elmas

Publication Date December 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015

Cite

Chicago Hacısoftaoğlu, İlknur, and Safter Elmas. “‘Kasların efendisi’: Men’s Health Dergisinde Fitness söylemi”. Fe Dergi 7, no. 2 (December 2015): 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000140.