Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Hayvanat Bahçesi Hikayesi'nde İktidar Mücadeleleri: Öznelliğin Sergilenişi

Year 2013, , 1 - 11, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000080

Abstract

Edward Albee'nin tiyatro kariyeri savaş sonrası Amerikasında başlamıştır. Albee, 1950li 1960lı yılların alt kültürü bağlamında güncel siyasete karşı çıkmış ve köklü toplumsal değerleri sorgulamıştır. Benzer minvalde, Judith Butler'ın eserleri günümüzün Amerikalı sosyal ve politik hareketlerindeki kimlik sorununun eleştirisi olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Albee'nin erken dönem oyunu Hayvanat Bahçesi Hikayesi 1959 toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsellik, aile, sınıf, kimlik ve iletişim gibi çeşitli meselelerden söz ederek varolan sosyal ve politik yapının eleştirisini yapmıştır. Butler'ın kimlik, öznellik, toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsellik ile ilgili post-yapısalcı görüşleri bu makalenin ana temasını oluşturuyor ve böylelikle, Hayvanat Bahçesi Hikayesi'ndeki toplumsal cinsiyet anlamlarını ve iktidar mücadelelerini incelemeyi amaçlıyor. Albee'nin toplumsal cinsiyet sınırlarıyla ve sosyo-politik düzenlemelerle mücadele eden oyun karakterleri Butlercı bir yaklaşıma katkıda bulunarak, toplumsal cinsiyet ve güç ilişkilerine göz gezdirir. Albee'nin oyunları ile Butler'ın eserlerindeki örtüşme ve bu yapıtların incelenmesi, kadınlık ve erkekliğin mutlaklık arz etmediklerini ve kadın veya erkek gibi sabit toplumsal cinsiyetlerin tanımlanamayacağını gösterir. Toplumsal cinsiyet bir sabit bir gerçek değil, zaman içerisinde defalarca yinelenen ve yeniden üretilen bir olgudur. Eğer herhangi bir toplumsal cinsiyet özelliği kadınsı veya erkeksi addedilirse, bunun sebeplerine toplumun egemen kültürel, politik, sosyal ve idolojik söylemlerinde aramak gerekir. Zira, bu söylemler, bireyleri ya tabi kılar ya da perişan eder. Dolayısıyla, özne olmak söz konusu düzen rejimlerinden kaynaklı şiddete direnmeyi gerektirir.

References

  • Allen, Amy. “Dependency, subordination, and recognition: On Judith Butler’s Theory of Subjection.” Continental Philosophy Review 38.3-4 (2006): 199-222.
  • Boesten, Jelke. “Inequality, Normative violence and Livable Life: Judith Butler and Peruvian Reality.” POLIS Working Paper. 1 (2010): http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/research/working-papers.php
  • Butler, Judith. The Psychic Life of Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press, May 1997.
  • Durante, Graziella. “The Melancholy of Social Life. The Power of Loss in J. Butler.” Humana.Mente. 12 (Jan 2010): 107-121.
  • Gabbard, Lucina P. “Edward Albee’s Triptych on Abandonment.” Twentieth Century Literature. 28.1 (1982):14-33.
  • Heyes, Cressida. “Identity Politics.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition).Ed. Edward N. Zalta.
  • http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/identity-politics/.
  • Hough, Amie Marie. “An Exploration of Selected Concepts from Judith Butler: With Application to the Understanding of Gender Identity in Social Work Practice with Marginalized Female Adolescents.” PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010.
  • Kittredge, James Fredrick. Chasing a Myth: The Formulation of American Identity in the Plays of Edward Albee. PhD thesis. The University of Arizona, 2006.
  • Kuo, Chiang-Sheng. “Images of Masculinity in Contemporary American Drama: Albee, Shepard, Mamet and Kushner.” PhD thesis, New York University, 1998.
  • Lloyd, Moya. Judith Butler: From Norms to Politics. Cambridge: Polity, 2007.
  • Salih, Sara. Judith Butler. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Stenz, Anita Maria. Edward Albee: the Poet of Loss. The Hague: Mouton, 1978.
  • Vorlicky, Robert. Act Like a Man: Challenging Masculinities in American Drama. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995.

Power Struggle in The Zoo Story: A Performance of Subjectivity

Year 2013, , 1 - 11, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000080

Abstract

Edward Albee’s dramatic career was born in the context of postwar America and the counterculture of the 1950s and 60s to confront the contemporary politics and question the long-held social values. Likewise, Judith Butler’s work first appeared as a critique of identity within the social and political movements of contemporary America. Albee’s early play The Zoo Story 1959 voiced a critique of the existing social and political structure by bringing up a variety of issues such as gender, sexuality, family, class, power, identity, and communication. Butler’s work, embodying a post-structuralist account of identity, subjectivity, gender and sexuality, forms the backbone of the present study which aims to explore gender and power struggle in The Zoo Story. Albee’s characters, struggling within the boundaries of gender and the limits of socio-political regulations, lend themselves to a Butlerian approach eyeing upon gender and the relations of power. Investigation and juxtaposition of Albee’s plays and Butler’s work reveal that femininity and masculinity are not absolute, and no fixed gender as male or female can be defined; gender is not a fact, but a phenomenon that is reiterated and reproduced again and again over time. If certain gender traits are considered to be feminine or masculine, the reason must be looked for in the dominant cultural, political, social, and ideological discourses of the society which attempt to subject or abject individuals on whom they impose themselves. Entrance into the domain of agency, then, necessitates resisting the violence exerted by these regulatory frameworks.

References

  • Allen, Amy. “Dependency, subordination, and recognition: On Judith Butler’s Theory of Subjection.” Continental Philosophy Review 38.3-4 (2006): 199-222.
  • Boesten, Jelke. “Inequality, Normative violence and Livable Life: Judith Butler and Peruvian Reality.” POLIS Working Paper. 1 (2010): http://www.polis.leeds.ac.uk/research/working-papers.php
  • Butler, Judith. The Psychic Life of Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press, May 1997.
  • Durante, Graziella. “The Melancholy of Social Life. The Power of Loss in J. Butler.” Humana.Mente. 12 (Jan 2010): 107-121.
  • Gabbard, Lucina P. “Edward Albee’s Triptych on Abandonment.” Twentieth Century Literature. 28.1 (1982):14-33.
  • Heyes, Cressida. “Identity Politics.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition).Ed. Edward N. Zalta.
  • http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/identity-politics/.
  • Hough, Amie Marie. “An Exploration of Selected Concepts from Judith Butler: With Application to the Understanding of Gender Identity in Social Work Practice with Marginalized Female Adolescents.” PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010.
  • Kittredge, James Fredrick. Chasing a Myth: The Formulation of American Identity in the Plays of Edward Albee. PhD thesis. The University of Arizona, 2006.
  • Kuo, Chiang-Sheng. “Images of Masculinity in Contemporary American Drama: Albee, Shepard, Mamet and Kushner.” PhD thesis, New York University, 1998.
  • Lloyd, Moya. Judith Butler: From Norms to Politics. Cambridge: Polity, 2007.
  • Salih, Sara. Judith Butler. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Stenz, Anita Maria. Edward Albee: the Poet of Loss. The Hague: Mouton, 1978.
  • Vorlicky, Robert. Act Like a Man: Challenging Masculinities in American Drama. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Women's Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Parisa Shams This is me

Farideh Pourgiv This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013

Cite

Chicago Shams, Parisa, and Farideh Pourgiv. “Hayvanat Bahçesi Hikayesi’nde İktidar Mücadeleleri: Öznelliğin Sergilenişi”. Fe Dergi 5, no. 1 (June 2013): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000080.

Cited By