Osmanlı son dönemi ve erken cumhuriyet döneminde kürtaj karşıtı politikalar: Devletin kadın bedeni ve üreme sürecine müdahalesi
Abstract
Osmanlı son dönemi ve erken Cumhuriyet döneminde kürtaj bir “halk sağlığı” kavramı olarak görülmüş; kürtaj yaptırmak topluma karşı işlenmiş bir suç olarak algılanmıştır. 18. yüzyılın sonunda, genel reform hareketlerinin bir parçası olan sağlık ve nüfus politikalarının erken Cumhuriyet döneminde de kürtaj kavramı düşünüldüğünde aynı eksende devam ettirildiği söylenebilir. Bu makale, Osmanlı son döneminde önceleri aileye dair bir kavram olarak görülmekte olan kadının kürtaj hakkının devlet tarafından suç haline getirilmesini ve özel alandan kamusal alana taşınmasını kadın bedenine bir müdahale olarak yorumlar, bu süreci Osmanlı son dönemi ile erken Cumhuriyet dönemi nüfus politikaları çerçevesinde değerlendirir. Söz konusu politikalar ile birlikte kadının asli görevi çocuk yetiştirmeye, kadın kimliği ise anneliğe indirgenmiş, devletin kadın bedenine olan bu müdahalesi kadını kutsal çocuk yetiştirme görevi ile özdeşleştirerek onun toplumda ikincil konumunu pekiştirmiştir. Makalede, Osmanlı son dönemi ve erken Cumhuriyet döneminde kürtaj kavramının suç haline getirilmesini sağlayan kanun değişiklikleri irdelenmiş, çeşitli uygulamalar arşiv belgeleri ile incelenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Behar, Cem and Duben, Alan. İstanbul haneleri: Evlilik, aile ve doğurganlık 1880-1940, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1996)
- Davis, Fanny. OsmanlıHanımı: 1718’den 1918’e bir toplumsal tarih, cev. BaharT ırnakçı, (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1984), 39-42.
- Demirci, Tuba and Somel, Selçuk Akşin. “Women’s Bodies, Demography and Public Health: Abortion Policy and perspectives in the Ottoman Empire of the Nineteen Century”, Journal of History of Sexuality, Vol.17, No.3, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008).
- Düzbakar, Ömer. Abortion in the Islamic-Ottoman Legal Systems, JISHIM 2006, 5.
- Fahmy, Khaled. “Women, Medicine and Power in 19th Century Egypt” in Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East, ed. Lila Abu-Lughod (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002)
- Foucault, Michel. “The Politics of Health in the Eighteenth Century”, Power: Essential Works of Foucault, vol. 3, ed. James D. Faubion.
- Hatem, Mervat F. “The Professionalization of Health and the Control of Women’s Bodies as Modern Govermentalities in the Nineteenth- Century Egypt,” in Women in the Otoman Empire: Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern Era, ed. Madeline C. Zilfi (Leiden: Brill, 1997).
- Miller, Ruth A. “Rights, Reproduction, Sexuality and Citizenship in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey”, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/508218.
- Mazower, Mark. The Dark Continent, (London: The Penguin Press, 1998)
- Yurtcan, Erdener. “Türk Hukunda Kürtaj ve Uygulaması”, (İstanbul: Kazancı Hukuk Yayınları), 1990
- www.hti.umich.edu/k/Koran/, 24.01.2009, Koran, the Surah Isra, 31th verse
- Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi
- A. MKT.UM.19-242 30 L 1272
- A.MKT. MHM. 48-300/ 08 Z 1280
- C ADL. 108 /09 L 1204
- İ. HUS. 1322/L-037 124/ 7 L 1322
- DH. EUM. THR 60-23/ 21 M 1328
- DH. MKT. 10-1440/ 26 Za 1304
- DH. MKT. 44-1556/ 14 S 1306
- DH. MKT. 24-2462/ 25 Za 1318
- DH. MKT. 19-587/ 19 Z 1319
- YPRK.AZJ. 19-46/ 29 Z 1320
Anti-abortion policies in late Ottoman empire and early republican Turkey: Intervention of state on women’s body and reproductivity
Abstract
The issue of abortion started to be perceived as a public health problem during the late Ottoman era and early Republican Turkey by the state and committing an abortion was accepted as a crime that was committed against the whole society. This paper states that the criminalization of abortion starting from late Ottoman era as an intervention on reproductivity is an act on female body since it implied the assignment of a duty on women as child raisers and reduces female identity into motherhood. Hence, this state interference on female body paved the way for women’s inferior position subjected to only being mothers by eulogizing the duty of child bearing. In this paper, the concept of abortion is studied through legal changes during the late Ottoman and early Republican era by the edicts and legal documents of the term indicating the applications and events related to abortion. The policies in early Republican Turkey went hand in hand with the applications of the general frame work of health policies of late Ottoman era which were a part of the reform movements starting in late 18th century
References
- Behar, Cem and Duben, Alan. İstanbul haneleri: Evlilik, aile ve doğurganlık 1880-1940, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1996)
- Davis, Fanny. OsmanlıHanımı: 1718’den 1918’e bir toplumsal tarih, cev. BaharT ırnakçı, (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1984), 39-42.
- Demirci, Tuba and Somel, Selçuk Akşin. “Women’s Bodies, Demography and Public Health: Abortion Policy and perspectives in the Ottoman Empire of the Nineteen Century”, Journal of History of Sexuality, Vol.17, No.3, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008).
- Düzbakar, Ömer. Abortion in the Islamic-Ottoman Legal Systems, JISHIM 2006, 5.
- Fahmy, Khaled. “Women, Medicine and Power in 19th Century Egypt” in Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East, ed. Lila Abu-Lughod (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002)
- Foucault, Michel. “The Politics of Health in the Eighteenth Century”, Power: Essential Works of Foucault, vol. 3, ed. James D. Faubion.
- Hatem, Mervat F. “The Professionalization of Health and the Control of Women’s Bodies as Modern Govermentalities in the Nineteenth- Century Egypt,” in Women in the Otoman Empire: Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern Era, ed. Madeline C. Zilfi (Leiden: Brill, 1997).
- Miller, Ruth A. “Rights, Reproduction, Sexuality and Citizenship in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey”, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/508218.
- Mazower, Mark. The Dark Continent, (London: The Penguin Press, 1998)
- Yurtcan, Erdener. “Türk Hukunda Kürtaj ve Uygulaması”, (İstanbul: Kazancı Hukuk Yayınları), 1990
- www.hti.umich.edu/k/Koran/, 24.01.2009, Koran, the Surah Isra, 31th verse
- Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi
- A. MKT.UM.19-242 30 L 1272
- A.MKT. MHM. 48-300/ 08 Z 1280
- C ADL. 108 /09 L 1204
- İ. HUS. 1322/L-037 124/ 7 L 1322
- DH. EUM. THR 60-23/ 21 M 1328
- DH. MKT. 10-1440/ 26 Za 1304
- DH. MKT. 44-1556/ 14 S 1306
- DH. MKT. 24-2462/ 25 Za 1318
- DH. MKT. 19-587/ 19 Z 1319
- YPRK.AZJ. 19-46/ 29 Z 1320
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Women's Studies |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2011 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2011 |