Homofobi Olarak Erkeklik: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kimliğinin İnşasında Korku, Utanç ve Sessizlik

Year 2013, , 91 - 107, 01.12.2013

Michael S Kimmel

https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000101

Abstract

Erkeklik toplumsal, kültürel ve tarihsel koşulların ürünüdür ve bir toplumsal inşadır. Hem zamansal, hem de kültürel ve toplumsal farklılıklar gösterir. Bu nedenle bireysel ve kolektif olarak değişme potansiyeli barındırır. Homofobi, erkekliğin –ve bu yazıda ele alınan örnek olan Amerikan erkekliğinin- kültürel tanımını örgütleyen ataerkilliğin merkezinde yer alan ilkelerden biridir. Erkekler, diğer erkekler tarafından “kadınsı” olarak değerlendirilerek alaya alınmaktan korkarlar; ancak kendileri de öteki erkekleri böyle değerlendirmekten kaçınmazlar genelde. Böylece dışlayıcı, baskıcı ve homofobik erkekliklerin inşa edilmesine katkıda bulunurlar. Bu yazı, Amerikan erkekliklerine odaklanırken, homofobinin erkekliklerin toplumsal inşa süreçlerindeki rolünü eleştirel bir biçimde tartışmakta ve erkeklerin içerme, eşitlik ve adalet siyasetlerine yönelerek toplumsal cinsiyet mücadelesine katılmalarını önermektedir

Keywords

Erkeklik, erkekliklerin toplumsal inşası, homofobi, erkeklikler, erkeklik incelemeleri

Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity

Abstract

Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity Masculinity is a product of social, cultural and historical conditions; and it is a social construction. It presents historical, as well as cultural and social diversities. Hence, it accommodates the potential of individual and collective change. Homophobia is one of the principles that reside in the core of patriarchy which organizes the cultural definition of masculinity –and American masculinity, the case of this article. The men are afraid of being ridiculed by other men by being labelled as “feminine”; but usually they don’t hesitate to do that to other men as well. Hence, they contribute the construction of exclusionary, oppressive and homophobic masculinities. Focusing on American masculinities, this article critically discusses the role of homophobia in the construction of masculinities, and suggests the men to contribute the gender struggle by turning to politics of inclusion, equality and justice

Keywords

masculinity, social construction of masculinity, homophobia, masculinities, masculinity studies

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