Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Eşcinsel İlişkilerde Partner Şiddeti: Sosyal Destek veİçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, , 96 - 112, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.745827

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel (LGB) yetişkin örnekleminde yakın partner şiddetikonusu incelemiş, gey ve lezbiyen partnerler arasında ortaya çıkan şiddet türleri ve yaygınlığı,yönelim bakımından fark olup olmadığı, içselleştirilmiş homofobi ile partner şiddeti arasındaki ilişkive sosyal destek düzeyi ile partner şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanınkatılımcıları; 105 lezbiyen (%32,51), 148 gey (%45,82) ve 70 biseksüel (%21,67) olmak üzere 323yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak, “Demografik Bilgi Formu”,“Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeğinin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu (ÇBASDÖ)”,“İçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Ölçeği” ve “Çatışmaların Çözümüne Yaklaşım Ölçeği (ÇÇYÖ)”kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS (21.0) ile analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların cinsel yönelimlerinegöre partner şiddetine maruz kalmalarına ilişkin dağılımları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır.Ancak geylerin cinsel şiddet yaygınlığı ortalamaları, lezbiyenlerin ortalamalarından anlamlı şekildeyüksek bulunurken; geylerin içselleştirilmiş homofobi ortalamaları da lezbiyenlerin ortalamalarındananlamlı şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca lezbiyenlerin uzlaşma yaygınlığı ortalamaları, geylerinortalamalarından anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur. Partner şiddetine maruz kalanların algılanansosyal destek ortalamaları, kalmayanların ortalamalarından anlamlı şekilde düşüktür. Algılanan ailesosyal desteği azaldıkça psikolojik, fiziksel ve cinsel şiddet yaygınlığı artmaktadır. Aynı zamandaalgılanan sosyal destek azaldıkça içselleştirilmiş homofobi artmaktadır. Cinsel yönelimi açıkolanların içselleştirilmiş homofobi ortalamaları, cinsel yönelimi açık olmayanların ortalamalarındananlamlı şekilde düşük bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda cinsel yönelimi açık olanların algılanan sosyaldestek ortalamaları, cinsel yönelimi açık olmayanların ortalamalarından anlamlı şekilde yüksektir.Partner şiddeti karşısında yardım alanların aile sosyal desteği ortalamaları almayanlarınortalamalarından anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur.

References

  • Balsam, K. F. (2001). Nowhere to hide: Lesbian battering, homophobia, and minority stress. In E. Kaschak (Ed.) Intimate betrayal: Intimate partner abuse in lesbian relationships. 25–37. New York: Haworth Press. Balsam, K. F., Szymanski, D. M. (2005). Relationship quality and domestic violence in women’s same-sex relationships: The role of minority stress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 258–269.
  • Bartholomew, K., Regan, K. V., White, M.A., & Oram, D. (2008). Patterns of abuse in male same-sex relationships. Violence and Victims, 23, 617–636.
  • Başar, K. (2013). Homofobi. Bilgilendirme Dosyası – 10 “Eşcinsellik”. Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği. 61-63.
  • Bradley, F., Smith, M., Long, J., O’Dowd, T. (2002). Reported frequency of domestic violence: Cross sectional survey of women attending general practice. BMJ, 324, 271-274.
  • Brown, C. (2008). Gender-Role Implications on Same-Sex Intimate Partner Abuse. J Fam Vol 23:457–462.
  • Bolat, D. (2016). Zorunlu heteroseksüellik ve türkiye muhalefet alanı üzerine bir tartışma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 71, No. 4, 2016, ss. 1091 – 1117.
  • Byrne, D. (1996). Clinical models for the treatment of gay male perpetrators of domestic violence. In C. M. Renzetti, & C. H. Miley (Eds.) Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships (ss. 107–116). New York: Harrington Park Press.
  • Burke, L. K., & Follingstad, D. R. (1999). Violence in lesbian and gay relationships: Theory, prevalence, and correlational factors. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 487–512.
  • Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: society, the person, and sexual politics. Standford: Stanford University Press.
  • Cruz, J. M., Firestone, J. M. (1998). Exploring violence and abuse in gay male relationships. Violence and Victims, 13, 159–173.
  • Cruz, M.J. (2003). ‘Why doesn’t he just leave?’ Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. Journal of Men’s Studies, 11(3), 309–323.
  • D'Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S. L., Pilkington, N. W. (1998). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families: Disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 361-371.
  • Duyan, V., Duyan, G. (2005). Turkish social work students’ attitudes toward sexuality. Sex Roles, 52(9/10), 697- 706.
  • Edwards, K. M., & Sylaska, K. M. (2013). The perpetration of intimate partner violence among LGBTQ college youth: The role of minority stress. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1721–1731.
  • Fineman, M. (1995). The neutered mother, the sexual family and other twentieth century tragedies. New York: Routledge.
  • Fone, B. (2001). Homophobia: a history. Picador Foshee, V., Bauman, K., Linder, F., Rice, J. & Wilcher, R. (2007). Typologies of adolescent dating violence identifying typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(5), 498-519.
  • Foucault, M. (1984). Cinselliğin Tarihi. İstanbul: Afa Yayınları.
  • Foucault, M. (2011). Özne ve iktidar- seçme yazılar 2. 3. Basım, Işık Ergüden & Osman Akınhay (çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Girshick, L. B. (2002). Woman to woman sexual violence: Does she call it rape? Boston: Northeastern University Press.
  • Gross, L., Aurand, S. K. ve Addessa, R. (1988). Violence and discirimination against lesbian and gay people in Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Lesbian and Gay Tas Force.
  • Göregenli, M., Erel, G. (2005). Universite öğrencilerinin homofobi, sosyal üstünlük yönelimi, otoriterlik ve adil dünya inancına yönelik tutumlar.
  • Hacısoftaoğlu, İ., Bulgu, N. (2015). Yedi dağın ötesindeki çocuklar: güreşte erkeklik ve şiddet. Şiddetin cinsiyetli yüzleri. 114-117. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hanley, M. J., O'neill, P. (1997). Violence and commitment a study of dating couples. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(5), 685-703.
  • Herek G. M., Cogan J. C., Gillis J. R. (2002). Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues. Vol. 58 (2), 319-339.
  • Herek, G. M. (1986). The social psychology of homophobia: toward a practical theory. Review of Law and Social Change. 14:923-934.
  • Herek G.M., Cogan J.C., Gillis JR, Glunt E. K. (1997). Correlates of internalized homofobia in a community sample of lesbians and gay men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. 2, 17-25.
  • Johnson, M. P., Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990’s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 948-963.
  • Kaos GL (2015). 2014 yılında Türkiye’de gerçekleşen homofobi veya transfobi temelli nefret suçları raporu. Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2018, http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/yayindetay.php?id=123
  • Kay, M., Jeffries, S. (2010). Homophobia, heteronormativism and hegemonic masculinity: male same-sex intimate violence from the perspective of brisbane service providers. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2010, 412–423.
  • Letellier, P. (1994). Gay and bisexual male domestic violence victimization: Challenges to feminist theory and to violence. Violence and Victims, 9, 95–106.
  • Lie, G. Y., Gentlewarrier, S. (1991). Intimate violence in lesbian relationships: Discussion of survey findings and practice implications. Journal of Social Service Research, 15(1/2), 41-59.
  • Lockhart, L. L., White, B. W., Causby, V., & Isaac, A. (1994). Letting out the secret: Violence in lesbian relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 469-492.
  • Lock, J., Kleis, B. (1995). Origins of homophobia in males. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52(4), 425-436. Martin, A. D., Hetrick, E. S. (1988). The stigmatization of the gay and lesbian adolescent. Journal of Homosexuality, 15(1/2), 163-183.
  • Mckenry, P., Serovich, J., Mason, T., & Mosack, K. (2006). Perpetration of gay and lesbian partner violence: A disempowerment perspective. Journal of Family Violence, 21, 233–243.
  • Merrill, G. S., Wolfe, V. A. (2000). Battered gay men: An exploration of abuse, help seeking, and why they stay. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(2), 1-30.
  • Miller, A. J., Bobner, R. F., Zarski, J. J. (2000). Sexual identity development: A base for work with same-sex couple partner abuse. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22, 189–201.
  • Miller, E., Decker, M., Reed, E., Raj, A., Hathaway, J. & Silverman, J. (2007). Male partner pregnancy- promoting behaviors and adolescent partner violence: findings from a qualitative study with adolescent females. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 7(5), 360-366.
  • Mor Çatı Kadın Sığınağı Vakfı. (2016). Erkeklerin şiddetine karşı dur! yaşamı değiştir! Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2018. https://www.morcati.org.tr
  • National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs. (2002). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender domestic violence in 2002. New York: Author.
  • Nowinski, S. N., Bowen, E. (2012). Partner violence against heterosexual and gay men: Prevalence and correlates. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 36–52. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (2008). National report on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender domestic violence. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
  • National Institue of Justice (2000). Extent, nature, and consequences of ıntimate partner violence. Research Report, U.S.
  • Page, A. Z., İnce, M. (2008). Aile içi şiddet konusunda bir derleme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (22), 81-94.
  • Pepper, B. I., Sand, S. (2015). Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Women’s Same-Sex Relationships. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24:656–673.
  • Renzetti, C. M. (1988). Violence in lesbian relationships: a preliminary analysis of causal factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 3(4), 381-399.
  • Renzetti, C. (1992). Violent betrayal: Partner abuse in lesbian relationships. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The poverty of services for battered lesbians. In C. M. Renzetti, & C. H. Miley (Eds.) Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships. 61–68. New York: Harrington Park Press.
  • Ristock J. (2002). No more secrets: violence in lesbian relationships. London: Routledge. Robson, R. (1992). Lesbian (out) law. S. 157-167
  • Sakallı, N., & Uğurlu, O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university students’ attitudes towards homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53-61.
  • Sancar, S. (2013a). Erkeklik: İmkânsız iktidar. (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Schilit, R., Lie, G. Y., Bush, J., Montagne, M. & Reyes, L. (1991). Intergenerational transmission of violence in lesbian relationships. AFFILIA Journal of Women and Social Work, 6(1), 72-78.
  • Shilo, G., Savayah, R. (2011). Effects of family and friend support on LGB youths’ mental health and sexual orientation milestones. Family Relations 60 (July 2011). 318-330.
  • Smith, D. M., Donnelly, J. (2001). Adolescent dating violence: A multi-systemic approach of enhancing awareness in educators, parents, and society. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 21(1), 53-64.
  • Szymanski, D. M., Chung,Y. B. ve Balsam, K. (2001). Psychosocial correlates of internalized homophobia in lesbians. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 27-38.
  • Turrell, S. C. (2000). A descriptive analysis of same-gender relationship violence for a diverse sample. Journal of Family Violence, 15(3), 281-293.
  • Vincke, J., Van-Heeringen, K. (2004). Summer holiday camps for gay and lesbian young adults: An evaluation of their impact on social support and mental well-being. Journal of Homosexuality, 47, 33–46.
  • Whitley, B. E. (1987). The relationship of sex-role orientation to heterosexuals’ attitudes toward homosexuals. Sex Roles, 17(1/2), 103-113.
  • Whitley, B. E., Kite, M. E. (1995). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexuality: A comment on Oliver and Hyde (1993). Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 146-154.
  • Zengin, A. (2015). Sevginin ölüm dünyası: aile, arkadaşlık, trans kadın cenazeleri. Kültür ve Siyasette Feminist Yaklaşımlar, (ss.26). Yalçınoğlu, N. (2013). Escinsel ve biseksüel erkeklerin psiko-sosyal sorunları ve bunları etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Ana Bilim Dalı. İstanbul. Yayınlanmamış uzmanlık tezi.
  • Yarar, B. (2015). “Yakın ilişki içinde şiddet”i feminist bakışla yeniden düşünmek. Şiddetin cinsiyetli yüzleri. (ss.13-51). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Yılmaz, V., Göçmen, İ. (2015). Türkiye’de lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel ve trans (LGBT) bireylerin sosyal ve ekonomik sorunları araştırmasının özet sonuçları. Cilt IV, Sayı 6, .94-101, Türkiye Politika ve Araştırma Merkezi (Research Turkey), Londra: Research Turkey (http://researchturkey.org/9142)
Year 2020, , 96 - 112, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.745827

Abstract

References

  • Balsam, K. F. (2001). Nowhere to hide: Lesbian battering, homophobia, and minority stress. In E. Kaschak (Ed.) Intimate betrayal: Intimate partner abuse in lesbian relationships. 25–37. New York: Haworth Press. Balsam, K. F., Szymanski, D. M. (2005). Relationship quality and domestic violence in women’s same-sex relationships: The role of minority stress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 258–269.
  • Bartholomew, K., Regan, K. V., White, M.A., & Oram, D. (2008). Patterns of abuse in male same-sex relationships. Violence and Victims, 23, 617–636.
  • Başar, K. (2013). Homofobi. Bilgilendirme Dosyası – 10 “Eşcinsellik”. Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği. 61-63.
  • Bradley, F., Smith, M., Long, J., O’Dowd, T. (2002). Reported frequency of domestic violence: Cross sectional survey of women attending general practice. BMJ, 324, 271-274.
  • Brown, C. (2008). Gender-Role Implications on Same-Sex Intimate Partner Abuse. J Fam Vol 23:457–462.
  • Bolat, D. (2016). Zorunlu heteroseksüellik ve türkiye muhalefet alanı üzerine bir tartışma. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. Cilt 71, No. 4, 2016, ss. 1091 – 1117.
  • Byrne, D. (1996). Clinical models for the treatment of gay male perpetrators of domestic violence. In C. M. Renzetti, & C. H. Miley (Eds.) Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships (ss. 107–116). New York: Harrington Park Press.
  • Burke, L. K., & Follingstad, D. R. (1999). Violence in lesbian and gay relationships: Theory, prevalence, and correlational factors. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 487–512.
  • Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: society, the person, and sexual politics. Standford: Stanford University Press.
  • Cruz, J. M., Firestone, J. M. (1998). Exploring violence and abuse in gay male relationships. Violence and Victims, 13, 159–173.
  • Cruz, M.J. (2003). ‘Why doesn’t he just leave?’ Gay male domestic violence and the reasons victims stay. Journal of Men’s Studies, 11(3), 309–323.
  • D'Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S. L., Pilkington, N. W. (1998). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families: Disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(3), 361-371.
  • Duyan, V., Duyan, G. (2005). Turkish social work students’ attitudes toward sexuality. Sex Roles, 52(9/10), 697- 706.
  • Edwards, K. M., & Sylaska, K. M. (2013). The perpetration of intimate partner violence among LGBTQ college youth: The role of minority stress. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1721–1731.
  • Fineman, M. (1995). The neutered mother, the sexual family and other twentieth century tragedies. New York: Routledge.
  • Fone, B. (2001). Homophobia: a history. Picador Foshee, V., Bauman, K., Linder, F., Rice, J. & Wilcher, R. (2007). Typologies of adolescent dating violence identifying typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(5), 498-519.
  • Foucault, M. (1984). Cinselliğin Tarihi. İstanbul: Afa Yayınları.
  • Foucault, M. (2011). Özne ve iktidar- seçme yazılar 2. 3. Basım, Işık Ergüden & Osman Akınhay (çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Girshick, L. B. (2002). Woman to woman sexual violence: Does she call it rape? Boston: Northeastern University Press.
  • Gross, L., Aurand, S. K. ve Addessa, R. (1988). Violence and discirimination against lesbian and gay people in Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Lesbian and Gay Tas Force.
  • Göregenli, M., Erel, G. (2005). Universite öğrencilerinin homofobi, sosyal üstünlük yönelimi, otoriterlik ve adil dünya inancına yönelik tutumlar.
  • Hacısoftaoğlu, İ., Bulgu, N. (2015). Yedi dağın ötesindeki çocuklar: güreşte erkeklik ve şiddet. Şiddetin cinsiyetli yüzleri. 114-117. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hanley, M. J., O'neill, P. (1997). Violence and commitment a study of dating couples. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(5), 685-703.
  • Herek G. M., Cogan J. C., Gillis J. R. (2002). Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues. Vol. 58 (2), 319-339.
  • Herek, G. M. (1986). The social psychology of homophobia: toward a practical theory. Review of Law and Social Change. 14:923-934.
  • Herek G.M., Cogan J.C., Gillis JR, Glunt E. K. (1997). Correlates of internalized homofobia in a community sample of lesbians and gay men. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. 2, 17-25.
  • Johnson, M. P., Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990’s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(4), 948-963.
  • Kaos GL (2015). 2014 yılında Türkiye’de gerçekleşen homofobi veya transfobi temelli nefret suçları raporu. Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2018, http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/yayindetay.php?id=123
  • Kay, M., Jeffries, S. (2010). Homophobia, heteronormativism and hegemonic masculinity: male same-sex intimate violence from the perspective of brisbane service providers. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. Vol. 17, No. 3, August 2010, 412–423.
  • Letellier, P. (1994). Gay and bisexual male domestic violence victimization: Challenges to feminist theory and to violence. Violence and Victims, 9, 95–106.
  • Lie, G. Y., Gentlewarrier, S. (1991). Intimate violence in lesbian relationships: Discussion of survey findings and practice implications. Journal of Social Service Research, 15(1/2), 41-59.
  • Lockhart, L. L., White, B. W., Causby, V., & Isaac, A. (1994). Letting out the secret: Violence in lesbian relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 9, 469-492.
  • Lock, J., Kleis, B. (1995). Origins of homophobia in males. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52(4), 425-436. Martin, A. D., Hetrick, E. S. (1988). The stigmatization of the gay and lesbian adolescent. Journal of Homosexuality, 15(1/2), 163-183.
  • Mckenry, P., Serovich, J., Mason, T., & Mosack, K. (2006). Perpetration of gay and lesbian partner violence: A disempowerment perspective. Journal of Family Violence, 21, 233–243.
  • Merrill, G. S., Wolfe, V. A. (2000). Battered gay men: An exploration of abuse, help seeking, and why they stay. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(2), 1-30.
  • Miller, A. J., Bobner, R. F., Zarski, J. J. (2000). Sexual identity development: A base for work with same-sex couple partner abuse. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22, 189–201.
  • Miller, E., Decker, M., Reed, E., Raj, A., Hathaway, J. & Silverman, J. (2007). Male partner pregnancy- promoting behaviors and adolescent partner violence: findings from a qualitative study with adolescent females. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 7(5), 360-366.
  • Mor Çatı Kadın Sığınağı Vakfı. (2016). Erkeklerin şiddetine karşı dur! yaşamı değiştir! Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2018. https://www.morcati.org.tr
  • National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs. (2002). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender domestic violence in 2002. New York: Author.
  • Nowinski, S. N., Bowen, E. (2012). Partner violence against heterosexual and gay men: Prevalence and correlates. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17, 36–52. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (2008). National report on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender domestic violence. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
  • National Institue of Justice (2000). Extent, nature, and consequences of ıntimate partner violence. Research Report, U.S.
  • Page, A. Z., İnce, M. (2008). Aile içi şiddet konusunda bir derleme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11 (22), 81-94.
  • Pepper, B. I., Sand, S. (2015). Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Women’s Same-Sex Relationships. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24:656–673.
  • Renzetti, C. M. (1988). Violence in lesbian relationships: a preliminary analysis of causal factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 3(4), 381-399.
  • Renzetti, C. (1992). Violent betrayal: Partner abuse in lesbian relationships. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Renzetti, C. M. (1996). The poverty of services for battered lesbians. In C. M. Renzetti, & C. H. Miley (Eds.) Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships. 61–68. New York: Harrington Park Press.
  • Ristock J. (2002). No more secrets: violence in lesbian relationships. London: Routledge. Robson, R. (1992). Lesbian (out) law. S. 157-167
  • Sakallı, N., & Uğurlu, O. (2001). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university students’ attitudes towards homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53-61.
  • Sancar, S. (2013a). Erkeklik: İmkânsız iktidar. (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Schilit, R., Lie, G. Y., Bush, J., Montagne, M. & Reyes, L. (1991). Intergenerational transmission of violence in lesbian relationships. AFFILIA Journal of Women and Social Work, 6(1), 72-78.
  • Shilo, G., Savayah, R. (2011). Effects of family and friend support on LGB youths’ mental health and sexual orientation milestones. Family Relations 60 (July 2011). 318-330.
  • Smith, D. M., Donnelly, J. (2001). Adolescent dating violence: A multi-systemic approach of enhancing awareness in educators, parents, and society. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 21(1), 53-64.
  • Szymanski, D. M., Chung,Y. B. ve Balsam, K. (2001). Psychosocial correlates of internalized homophobia in lesbians. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 27-38.
  • Turrell, S. C. (2000). A descriptive analysis of same-gender relationship violence for a diverse sample. Journal of Family Violence, 15(3), 281-293.
  • Vincke, J., Van-Heeringen, K. (2004). Summer holiday camps for gay and lesbian young adults: An evaluation of their impact on social support and mental well-being. Journal of Homosexuality, 47, 33–46.
  • Whitley, B. E. (1987). The relationship of sex-role orientation to heterosexuals’ attitudes toward homosexuals. Sex Roles, 17(1/2), 103-113.
  • Whitley, B. E., Kite, M. E. (1995). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexuality: A comment on Oliver and Hyde (1993). Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 146-154.
  • Zengin, A. (2015). Sevginin ölüm dünyası: aile, arkadaşlık, trans kadın cenazeleri. Kültür ve Siyasette Feminist Yaklaşımlar, (ss.26). Yalçınoğlu, N. (2013). Escinsel ve biseksüel erkeklerin psiko-sosyal sorunları ve bunları etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Ana Bilim Dalı. İstanbul. Yayınlanmamış uzmanlık tezi.
  • Yarar, B. (2015). “Yakın ilişki içinde şiddet”i feminist bakışla yeniden düşünmek. Şiddetin cinsiyetli yüzleri. (ss.13-51). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Yılmaz, V., Göçmen, İ. (2015). Türkiye’de lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel ve trans (LGBT) bireylerin sosyal ve ekonomik sorunları araştırmasının özet sonuçları. Cilt IV, Sayı 6, .94-101, Türkiye Politika ve Araştırma Merkezi (Research Turkey), Londra: Research Turkey (http://researchturkey.org/9142)
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Women's Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gizem Gülmez This is me 0000-0002-4451-1991

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

Chicago Gülmez, Gizem. “Eşcinsel İlişkilerde Partner Şiddeti: Sosyal Destek veİçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi”. Fe Dergi 12, no. 1 (June 2020): 96-112. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.745827.