Research Article
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an Essay on Artificial Dispositions and Dispositional Compatibilism

Year 2024, Issue: 79, 165 - 187, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1423291

Abstract

The rapid pace of technological advancements offers an essential field of research for a deeper understanding of man's relationship with artifacts of her design. These artifacts designed by humans can have various mental and physical effects on their users. The human interaction with the artifact is not passive; on the contrary, it exhibits a potential that reveals the inner dispositions of human beings and makes them open to new creations. In this article, we will examine the impact of technology on human life through the dispositional compatibilism perspective of the contemporary philosopher Kadri Vihvelin, arguing for a system of metaphysics in which ontological properties depend on dispositions. In this context, the emerging phenomenon of dispositional compatibilism opens the door to developing new philosophical ideas for evaluating the concepts of compatibilism and freedom in the context of technology. Thus, it is emphasized that although technological devices shape human life, new and unexpected powers may emerge due to human-artifact interaction. This article will examine the idea of dispositional compatibilism by specifically considering human interaction with text-based AI applications. The ability of AI to collaborate with human thought patterns is a meaningful example of the observation of dispositional compatibilism. In conclusion, the article aims to address the effects of technology on human freedom by approaching the human-artifact relationship from a dispositional perspective. It also aims to defend the claim that technological artifacts can positively contribute to human freedom from the perspective of dispositional compatibilism.

References

  • Armstong, D. (1983). What Is a Law of Nature?, Cambridge University Press.
  • Armstrong, D. M. (2010). Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  • Austin, C. J. (2014). The Truthmaking Argument Against Dispositionalism. Ratio, 28(3), ss. 271–285. doi: 10.1111/rati.12071.
  • Baker, L. R. (2004). The Ontology of Artifacts, Philosophical Explorations, 7(2), ss. 99-111, doi: 10.1080/13869790410001694462.
  • Balaguer, M. (2014). Free Will. The MIT Press.
  • Bird, A. (2007). Nature's Metaphysics: Laws and Properties, Oxford University Press.
  • Choi, S. (2009). The Conditional Analysis of Dispositions and the Intrinsic Dispositions Thesis. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 78(3), ss. 568–590. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40380440.
  • Cowling, S. (2017). Abstract Entities, Routledge.
  • de Vries, M. J. (2012). “Philosophy of technology.” Technology Education for Teachers, Williams, P. J., (ed.), ss. 15–33). Brill Sense.
  • Dennett, D. (2015). Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting. Bradford Books.
  • Doğan, M. (2021). Yapay Zekâ ve Özgür İrade: Yapay Özgür İradenin İmkânı. TRT Akademi, 6(13), ss. 788-811. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.969912.
  • Doğan, M. (2023). Sinemada Yapay Zekâ: Robotlarda Bilinç, Duygular ve Etik. Kültür ve İletişim, 26(2). ss. 318-343. doi: 10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1316168.
  • Ellis, B. (2000). Causal Laws and Singular Causation. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 61(2), ss. 329–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/2653654.
  • Feenberg, A. (1991). Critical Theory of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fischer, J. M. (1996). A New Compatibilism. Philosophical Topics, 24(2), ss. 49–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43154236.
  • Fleetwood, S. (2009) The Ontology of Things, Properties and Powers, Journal of Critical Realism,8(2). ss. 343-366, doi: 10.1558/jocr.v8i3.343.
  • Fuchs, C. (2015). Anti-semitism, Anti-Marxism, and Technophobia: The fourth volume of Martin Heidegger’s Black Notebooks (1942-1948). tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 13, ss. 93-100.
  • Giannotti, J. (2024). “Is There a Metaphysically Robust Distinction Between Natural and Artificial Dispositions?.” Artificial Dispositions: Investigating Ethical and Metaphysical Issues, Bauer, W. A., Marmodoro, A. (ed.), ss. 13-37, Bloomsbury.
  • Handfield, T. (2008). Humean Dispositionalism, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 86(1), ss. 113-126, doi: 10.1080/00048400701846608.
  • Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, çev. W. Lovitt, Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Horkheimer, M. (2012). Critique of Instrumental Reason. London: Verso.
  • Lewis, D. (1994). Humean Supervenience Debugged. Mind, 103(412), ss. 473–490. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2254396.
  • Lewis, D. (1997). Finkish Dispositions. The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(187), ss. 143–158. doi:10.1111/1467-9213.00052.
  • Markosian, N. (2014): “A Spatial Approach to Mereology.” Mereology and Location, Kleinschmidt, S. (ed.), ss. 69-90, Oxford University Press.
  • Martin, C. B. (1994). Dispositions and Conditionals. The Philosophical Quarterly, 44(174), ss. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2220143.
  • Mele, A. (1995). Autonomous Agents: From Self Control to Autonomy, Oxford University Press.
  • Merricks, T. (2001). Objects and Persons, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Molnar, G. (2003). Powers: A Study in Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mumford, S. “Dispositions.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/dispositions/v-1/ (18.01.2024).
  • Mumford, S., & Anjum, R. L. (2014). A New Argument Against Compatibilism. Analysis, 74(1), ss. 20–25. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24671186.
  • Rigato, J. (2017). Agent-Causation and supervenience: How you can have one without giving up the other. Guillon, J. (ed.), Le libre arbitre: Perspectives contemporaines. Paris : Collège de France. doi :10.4000/books.cdf.4946.
  • Thomasson, A. L. (2009). “Artifacts in Metaphysics.” Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Meijers A.W.M. (ed.), ss. 191–212, Elsevier.
  • Tugby, M. (2014). Categoricalism, dispositionalism, and the epistemology of properties. Synthese, 191(6), ss. 1147–1162. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24021573.
  • Van Inwagen, P. (1990). Material Beings, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Van Inwagen, P. (2014). Existence: Essays in Ontology, Cambridge University Press.
  • Vihvelin, K. (2013). Causes, Laws, and Free Will: Why Determinism Doesn't Matter, Oxford University Press.
  • Vihvelin, K. (2016). “Dispositional Compatibilism.” The Routledge Companion to Free Will, Timpe, K., Griffith, M., Levy, N. (ed.), ss. 52-61, Routledge.
  • Waelen, R. (2022). Why AI Ethics Is a Critical Theory. Philos. Technol., 35(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00507-5.
  • Weatherson, B. (2015). “Humean Supervenience.” A Companion to David Lewis, Loewer, B., Schaffer, J. (ed.), ss. 101–15. John Wiley & Sons.

Yapay Eğilimler ve Eğilimsel Bağdaşırcılık Üzerine Bir Deneme

Year 2024, Issue: 79, 165 - 187, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1423291

Abstract

Teknolojik ilerlemelerin günümüzdeki hızlı seyri, insanın kendi tasarımı olan eserlerle ilişkisini derinlemesine anlamak adına önemli bir araştırma alanı sunmaktadır. İnsanlar tarafından tasarlanan eserler, kullanıcıları üzerinde çeşitli zihinsel ve fiziksel etkilere sahip olabilir. İnsanın eserle etkileşimi, pasif bir rolde değil; aksine insanın içsel eğilimlerini ortaya çıkararak onu yeni yaratımlara açık hale getiren bir potansiyel sergilemektedir. Bu makalede teknolojinin insan yaşamına etkisi, çağdaş felsefeci Kadri Vihvelin'in eğilimsel bağdaşırcılık perspektifi üzerinden incelenecek ve özelliklerin eğilimlere bağlı olduğu bir metafizik sistemin savunusu yapılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, ortaya çıkan eğilimsel bağdaşırcılık olgusu, bağdaşırcılık ve özgürlük kavramlarını teknoloji bağlamında değerlendirmek için yeni felsefi düşüncelerin gelişmesine kapı aralamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, teknolojik aygıtların insan yaşamını şekillendirmesine rağmen, insan-eser etkileşimi sonucunda beklenmeyen ve yeni güçlerin ortaya çıkabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Makalede, eğilimsel bağdaşırcılık fikri özellikle metin tabanlı yapay zekâ uygulamalarıyla insan etkileşimini ele alarak incelenecektir. Yapay zekânın insanların düşünce örüntüleriyle ortak çalışabilmesi eğilimsel bağdaşırcılığın gözlemlenebilmesi için anlamlı bir örnektir. Sonuç olarak makalenin amacı, insan-eser ilişkisine eğilimsel bir perspektifle yaklaşarak, teknolojinin insan özgürlüğü üzerindeki etkilerini ele almaktır. Ayrıca eğilimsel bağdaşırcılık perspektifi üzerinden teknolojik eserlerin insan özgürlüğüne olumlu bir katkı sağlayabileceği iddiasını savunmaktır.

Ethical Statement

Makale tek yazarlıdır. Daha önce bir dergide yayımlanmamış veya başka bir çalışmadan kesilerek ortaya çıkarılmamıştır. Beyan ederim.

Thanks

Değerli Hakemlere ve Felsefe Dünyası ekibindeki değerli hocalara verdikleri fırsat için çok teşekkür eder, saygılarımı sunarım.

References

  • Armstong, D. (1983). What Is a Law of Nature?, Cambridge University Press.
  • Armstrong, D. M. (2010). Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
  • Austin, C. J. (2014). The Truthmaking Argument Against Dispositionalism. Ratio, 28(3), ss. 271–285. doi: 10.1111/rati.12071.
  • Baker, L. R. (2004). The Ontology of Artifacts, Philosophical Explorations, 7(2), ss. 99-111, doi: 10.1080/13869790410001694462.
  • Balaguer, M. (2014). Free Will. The MIT Press.
  • Bird, A. (2007). Nature's Metaphysics: Laws and Properties, Oxford University Press.
  • Choi, S. (2009). The Conditional Analysis of Dispositions and the Intrinsic Dispositions Thesis. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 78(3), ss. 568–590. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40380440.
  • Cowling, S. (2017). Abstract Entities, Routledge.
  • de Vries, M. J. (2012). “Philosophy of technology.” Technology Education for Teachers, Williams, P. J., (ed.), ss. 15–33). Brill Sense.
  • Dennett, D. (2015). Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting. Bradford Books.
  • Doğan, M. (2021). Yapay Zekâ ve Özgür İrade: Yapay Özgür İradenin İmkânı. TRT Akademi, 6(13), ss. 788-811. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.969912.
  • Doğan, M. (2023). Sinemada Yapay Zekâ: Robotlarda Bilinç, Duygular ve Etik. Kültür ve İletişim, 26(2). ss. 318-343. doi: 10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1316168.
  • Ellis, B. (2000). Causal Laws and Singular Causation. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 61(2), ss. 329–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/2653654.
  • Feenberg, A. (1991). Critical Theory of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Fischer, J. M. (1996). A New Compatibilism. Philosophical Topics, 24(2), ss. 49–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43154236.
  • Fleetwood, S. (2009) The Ontology of Things, Properties and Powers, Journal of Critical Realism,8(2). ss. 343-366, doi: 10.1558/jocr.v8i3.343.
  • Fuchs, C. (2015). Anti-semitism, Anti-Marxism, and Technophobia: The fourth volume of Martin Heidegger’s Black Notebooks (1942-1948). tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 13, ss. 93-100.
  • Giannotti, J. (2024). “Is There a Metaphysically Robust Distinction Between Natural and Artificial Dispositions?.” Artificial Dispositions: Investigating Ethical and Metaphysical Issues, Bauer, W. A., Marmodoro, A. (ed.), ss. 13-37, Bloomsbury.
  • Handfield, T. (2008). Humean Dispositionalism, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 86(1), ss. 113-126, doi: 10.1080/00048400701846608.
  • Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, çev. W. Lovitt, Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Horkheimer, M. (2012). Critique of Instrumental Reason. London: Verso.
  • Lewis, D. (1994). Humean Supervenience Debugged. Mind, 103(412), ss. 473–490. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2254396.
  • Lewis, D. (1997). Finkish Dispositions. The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(187), ss. 143–158. doi:10.1111/1467-9213.00052.
  • Markosian, N. (2014): “A Spatial Approach to Mereology.” Mereology and Location, Kleinschmidt, S. (ed.), ss. 69-90, Oxford University Press.
  • Martin, C. B. (1994). Dispositions and Conditionals. The Philosophical Quarterly, 44(174), ss. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2220143.
  • Mele, A. (1995). Autonomous Agents: From Self Control to Autonomy, Oxford University Press.
  • Merricks, T. (2001). Objects and Persons, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Molnar, G. (2003). Powers: A Study in Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mumford, S. “Dispositions.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/dispositions/v-1/ (18.01.2024).
  • Mumford, S., & Anjum, R. L. (2014). A New Argument Against Compatibilism. Analysis, 74(1), ss. 20–25. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24671186.
  • Rigato, J. (2017). Agent-Causation and supervenience: How you can have one without giving up the other. Guillon, J. (ed.), Le libre arbitre: Perspectives contemporaines. Paris : Collège de France. doi :10.4000/books.cdf.4946.
  • Thomasson, A. L. (2009). “Artifacts in Metaphysics.” Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, Meijers A.W.M. (ed.), ss. 191–212, Elsevier.
  • Tugby, M. (2014). Categoricalism, dispositionalism, and the epistemology of properties. Synthese, 191(6), ss. 1147–1162. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24021573.
  • Van Inwagen, P. (1990). Material Beings, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Van Inwagen, P. (2014). Existence: Essays in Ontology, Cambridge University Press.
  • Vihvelin, K. (2013). Causes, Laws, and Free Will: Why Determinism Doesn't Matter, Oxford University Press.
  • Vihvelin, K. (2016). “Dispositional Compatibilism.” The Routledge Companion to Free Will, Timpe, K., Griffith, M., Levy, N. (ed.), ss. 52-61, Routledge.
  • Waelen, R. (2022). Why AI Ethics Is a Critical Theory. Philos. Technol., 35(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00507-5.
  • Weatherson, B. (2015). “Humean Supervenience.” A Companion to David Lewis, Loewer, B., Schaffer, J. (ed.), ss. 101–15. John Wiley & Sons.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Systematic Philosophy (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Atilla Akalın 0000-0002-8385-5287

Publication Date July 15, 2024
Submission Date January 21, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 79

Cite

APA Akalın, A. (2024). Yapay Eğilimler ve Eğilimsel Bağdaşırcılık Üzerine Bir Deneme. Felsefe Dünyası(79), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.58634/felsefedunyasi.1423291