Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Risk-Getiri İlişkisinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, , 14 - 38, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.799148

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türk hisse senedi piyasaları için risk ile getiri arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle geleneksel yaklaşım çerçevesinde FIAPARCH-M, FIGARCH-M, HYGARCH, APARCH-M, GJR-GARCH ve GARCH-M modellerinden yararlanılmıştır. İlgili modeller hem tüm dönem için hem de volatilitedeki çoklu yapısal kırılmalar dikkate alınarak belirlenen yüksek ve düşük volatilite dönemleri için ayrı ayrı tahmin edilmiştir. Daha sonra alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak ilgili tüm modeller gerçekleşen piyasa risk priminin pozitif olduğu dönemler ile negatif olduğu dönemler dikkate alınarak tekrar tahmin edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu alternatif modele dayalı olarak aşırı tepki hipotezinin Türk hisse senedi piyasaları için geçerli olup olmadığı da incelenmiştir. Geleneksel yaklaşıma dayalı bulgular teorik beklentilerin aksine Türk hisse senedi piyasasında risk ile getiri arasında negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna işaret etmektedir. Alternatif yaklaşıma dayalı bulgular ise risk ile getiri arasında teorik beklentilerle uyumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular ayrıca aşırı tepki hipotezinin Türk hisse senedi piyasaları için geçerli olmadığı sonucuna işaret etmektedir. Bu bulgu da Türk hisse senedi piyasalarında uygulanabilecek yatırım stratejileri konusunda önemli bilgiler içermektedir.

References

  • Abdennadher, E. ve Hallara, S. (2018). Structural Breaks and Stock Market Volatility in Emerging Countries. International Journal of Business and Risk Management, 1(1): 9-16.
  • Akar, C. (2007). İktisadi Krizlerin ve Takvimsel Faktörlerin Bireysel Hisse Senetlerinin Getirisi ve Volatilitesi Üzerindeki Etkileri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 22 (253): 115-132.
  • Akkoç, S. ve Özkan, N. (2013). An Empirical Investigation of the Uncertain Information Hypothesis: Evidence from Borsa İstanbul. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 7 (2): 101-119.
  • Aloui, C. ve Mabrouk, S. (2010). Value-at-risk Estimations of Energy Commodities via Long-Memory, Asymmetry and Fat-Tailed GARCH Models.Energy Policy, 38, 2326-2339.
  • Ang, A., Hodrick, R., Xing Y. ve Zhang X. (2008). High Idiosyncratic Volatility and Low Returns: International and Further U.S. Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 91 (1):1-23.
  • Arshanapalli, B., Fabozzi, F.J. ve Nelson, W. (2013). The Role of Jump Dynamics in the Risk–Return Relationship. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29: 212-218.
  • Badshah, I., Frijns,B., Knif, J. ve Tourani-Rad, A. (2016). Asymmetries of the Intraday Return-Volatility Relation. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48: 182-192.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes. Econometrica, 66: 47-78.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (2003). Computation and Analysis of Multiple Structural Change Models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18: 1–22.
  • Baillie, R.T., Bollerslev, T.ve Mikkelsen, H.O. (1996). Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 73: 3–20.
  • Bali, T.G. (2008). The Intertemporal Relation Between Expected Returns and Risk. Journal of Financial Economics, 87: 101–131.
  • Bentes, S.R. (2015). Forecasting Volatility in Gold Returns under the GARCH, IGARCH and FIGARCH Frameworks: New Evidence. Physica A, 438: 355–364.
  • Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307–327.
  • Chan, K.C., Karolyi, G.A. ve Stulz, R.M. (1992). Global Financial Markets and Risk Premium on US Equity. Journal of Financial Economics, 32 (2): 137-167.
  • Chen, N.-F., Roll, R. ve Ross, S.A. (1986). Economic Forces and the Stock Market. Journal of Business, 59, 383–403.
  • Cheng, A-R. ve Jahan-Parvar, M.R. (2014). Risk-Return Trade-off in the Pacific Basin Equity Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 18: 123-140.
  • Chiang, T.C., Li, H. ve Zheng, D. (2015). The Intertemporal Risk-Return Relationship: Evidence from International Markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 39: 156-180.
  • Choudhry, T. (1996). Stock Market Volatility and The Crash of 1987: Evidence From Six Emerging Markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 15: 969-981.
  • Christensen, B. J., Nielsen, M. Ø. ve Zhu, J. (2015). The Impact of Financial Crises on the Risk–Return Trade-off and the Leverage Effect. Economic Modelling, 49: 407-418.
  • Cox, J. ve Ross, S. (1976). The Valuation of Options for Alternative Stochastic Process. Journal of Financial Economics, 3: 145-166.
  • Crombez, J. ve Vennet, R. V. (1997). The Performance of Conditional Betas on the Brussels Stock Exchange. Working Paper, Department Of Financial Economics, University Of Gent.
  • Çomak, A. (2009). Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli Çerçevesinde Risk Getiri İlişkisi ve İMKB’ye Bir Uygulama. Marmara Üniversitesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, https://katalog. marmara.edu.tr/eyayin/tez/T0061630.pdf.
  • Davidson, J. (2004). Moment and Memory Properties of Linear Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models, and A New Model. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 22: 16–29.
  • De Bondt, W. ve Thaler, R. (1985). Does The Stock Merket Overreact ?. The Journal of Finance, 40 (3): 793-805.
  • Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 427–431.
  • Ding, Z., Granger, C. W. J. ve Engle, R. F. (1993). A Long Memory Property of Stock Market Returns and a New Model. Journal of Empirical Finance, 1: 83–106.
  • Dizdarlar, H.I. ve Can, R. (2017). Aşırı Tepki Hipotezinin Geçerliliğinin Test Edilmesi: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 16. UİK Özel Sayısı: 815-832.
  • Engle, R.F, Lilien, D.M ve Robins, R.P. (1987).Estimating Time Varying Risk Premia in The Term Structure: the ARCH-M Model. Econometrica, 55: 391–407.
  • Esteve, V., Ibanez-Navarro, M. ve Prats, M. (2013). The Spanish Term Structure of Interest Rates Revisited: Cointegration with Multiple Structural Breaks, 1974-2010. International Review of Economics and Finance, 25: 24-34.
  • Faff, R. (2001). A Multivariate Test of a Dual Beta CAPM: Australian Evidence. Financial Review, 36: 157-174.
  • Fama, E. ve French, K. (1992). The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Finance, 47: 427-465.
  • Fama, E. ve MacBeth, J. (1973). Risk, Return and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 607-636.
  • Fama, E.F. ve Schwertz, G.W. (1977). Asset Returns and Inflation. Journal of Financial Economics, 5: 115-146.
  • Fifield, S.,G., M., McMillan, D.G. ve McMillan, F., J. (2020). Is There a Risk and Return Relation?. The European Journal of Finance, 26 (11): 1075- 1101.
  • Fletcher, J. (1997). An Examination of the Cross-Sectional Relationship of the Beta and Return: UK Evidence. Journal of Economics and Business, 49: 211-221.
  • Fletcher, J. (2000). On the Conditional Relationship Between Beta and Return in International Stock Returns. International Rewiev of Financial Analysis, 9 (3): 235-245.
  • Gemici, E. ve Cihangir, M. (2018). Borsa İstanbul Pay Piyasasında Aşırı Tepki. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2): 289-298.
  • Geweke, J. ve Porter-Hudak, S. (1983). The Estimation and Application of Long Memory Time Series Models. Journal of Time Series Analysis 4 (4): 221–238.
  • Ghysels, E., Santa-Clara, P. ve Valkanov, R. (2005). There is A Risk-Return Trade-off After All. Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (3): 509-548.
  • Girard, E., Rahman,H. ve Zaher,T. (2001). Intertemporal Risk-Return Relationship in the Asian Markets around The Asian Crisis. Financial Services Review, 10: 249-272.
  • Glosten, L.R., Jagannathan, R. ve Runkle, D.E. (1993). On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks. Journal of Finance, 48: 1779–1801.
  • Gürsakal, S. (2011). GARCH Modelleri ve Varyans Kırılması: İMKB Örneği. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (3): 161-178.
  • Han, L. (2013). Understanding the Puzzling Risk-Return Relatonship for Housing. The Review of Financial Studies, 26 (4): 877-928.
  • Hatipoğlu, M. ve Uçkun, N. (2017). Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Borsalarında Risk ve Getiri İlişkisi: 2008 Küresel Kriz Örneği. Journal of Yaşar University, 12 (46): 113-122.
  • He, J. ve Ng, L.K. (1994). Economic Forces, Fundamental Variables, and Equity Returns. The Journal of Business, 67 (4): 599-609. Hodoshima, J., Garza–Gómez, X.ve Kunimura, M. (2000). Cross-Sectional Regression Analysis of Return and Beta in Japan. Journal of Economics and Business, 52: 513-533.
  • Hua, X., Sun, L. ve Wang, T. (2016). Impact of Exchange Rate Regime Reform on Asset Returns in China. The European Journal of Finance, 21(2): 147-171.
  • Huang, P. ve Hueng, C.J. (2008). Conditional Risk–Return Relationship in a Time-Varying Beta Model. Quantitative Finance, 8(4): 381-390.
  • Hundal, S., Eskola, A. ve Tuan, D. (2019). Risk-Return Relationship in the Finnish Stock Market in the Light of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Journal of Transnational Management, 24 (4): 305-322.
  • Hung, D. C., Mark, S. ve Xu, X. ( 2004). CAPM, Higher Co-moment and Factor Models of UK Stock Returns. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 31: 87-112.
  • Inclán, C. ve Tiao, G. C. (1994). Use Of Cumulative Sums of Squares for Retrospective Detection of Changes of Variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89 (427): 913–923.
  • Jensen, M.B. ve Lunde, A. (2001). The NIG-S&ARCH model: A Fat-tailed, Stochastic and Autoregressive Conditional Hetoreskedastic Volatility Model. The Econometrics Journal, 4 (2): 319-342.
  • Jung, R.C. ve Maderitsch, R. (2014). Structural Breaks in Volatility Spillovers Between International Financial Markets : Contagion or Mere Interdependence ?. Journal of Banking and Finance, 47: 331-342.
  • Kang, S.H., Kang, S-M. ve Yoon, S-M. (2009). Forecasting Volatility of Crude Oil Markets. Energy Economics, 31: 119–125.
  • Kayalıdere, K. ve Aktaş, H. (2012). Vadeli İşlem ve Opsiyon Borsasında Risk-Getiri Etkileşimi ve Haftanın Günleri Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Süleymean Demirel Ünüversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 17 (3): 321-338.
  • Kim, S-W. ve Lee, B-S. (2007). Stock Returns, Asymmetric Volatility, Risk Aversion, And Business Cycle: Some New Evıdence. Economic Inpuiry, 46 (2): 131-148.
  • Kinnunen, J. (2014). Risk-Return Trade-off in the Stock Exchange of Thailand: New Evidence. Asian Social Science, 7 (7):115-123.
  • Koopman, S.J. ve Uspensky, E.H. (2002). The Stochastic Volatility-in-Mean Model: Empirical Evidence from International Stock Markets. Journal of Applied Economics, 17(6): 667-689.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.C.W., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity against the Alternative of Unit Root: How Sure are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root. Journal of Econometrics, 54: 159–178.
  • Lakonishok, J. ve Shapiro, A. C. (1986). Systematic Risk, Total Risk, and Size as Determinants of Stock Market Returns. Journal of Banking and Finance, 10: 115- 132.
  • Lee, C.F., Chen,G. ve Rui, O.M. (2001). Stock Return and Volatility on China’s Stock Market. Journal of Financial Research, 24 (4): 523-543.
  • León, Á., Nave, J.M. ve Rubio,G. (2007). The Relationship Between Risk and Expected Return in Europe. Journal of Banking & Finance, 31 (2): 495-512.
  • Li, Q., Yang, J., Hsiao, C. ve Chang, Y-J. (2005). The Relationship Between Stock Returns and Volatility in International Stock Markets. Journal of Empirical Finance, 12: 650-665.
  • Lin, S.L. (2008). Conditional Risk and Return in Asian Emerging Markets: Evidence from the Banking Sector. Applied Economics, 40, 3173-3183.
  • Lintner, J. (1965). The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets. Review of Economics and Statistics 47: 13–37.
  • Liu J., Wu, S. ve Zidek, J.V. (1997). On Segmented Multivariate Regressions. Statistica Sinica, 7: 497–525.
  • Liu, H., Shen, S., Wang, T.ve Huang, Z. (2016). Revisiting the Risk-Return Relation in the Chinese Stock Market: Decomposition of Risk Premium and Volatility Feedback Effect. China Economic Journal, 9 (2): 140-153.
  • Liu, J. (2019). Impacts of Lagged Returns on the Risk-Return Relationship of Chinese Aggregate Stock Market: Evidence from Different Data Frequencies. Research in International Business and Finance, 48: 243-257.
  • Lo, A. W. (1991). Long Term Memory in Stock Market Prices. Econometrica, 59: 1279–1313.
  • Lundblad, C. (2007). The Risk Return Trade-off in the Long Run: 1836-2003. Journal of Financial Economics, 85 (1): 123-150.
  • Lux, T., Segnon, M. ve Gupta, R. (2016). Forecasting Crude Oil Price Volatility and Value-at-Risk: Evidence From Historical and Recent Data. Energy Economics, 56: 117–133.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7 (1): 77-91.
  • Mensi, W., Hammudeh, S. ve Yoon, S.M .(2014). How Do OPEC News and Structural Breaks Impact Returns and Volatility in Crude Oil Markets?. Further Evidence from a Long Memory Process. Energy Economics, 42: 343–354.
  • Merton, R.C. (1973). An Intertemporal Asset Pricing Model. Econometrica, 41, 867–887.
  • Merton, R. (1987). A Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with Incomplete Information. Journal of Finance 42: 483-510.
  • Morelli, D. (2011). Joint Conditionality in Testing the Beta-Return Relationship: Evidence based on the UK Stock Market. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 21, 1-13.
  • Morelli, D.A. (2007). Conditional Relationship Between Beta and Return in the UK Stock Market. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 17: 257-272.
  • Morley, B. ve Thomas, D. (2011). Risk-Return Relationship and Asymmetric Adjustment in the UK Housing Market. Applied Financial Economics, 21: 735-742.
  • Nelson, D.B. (1991). Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59(2): 347-370.
  • Park, B-J. (2009). Risk–Return Relationship in Equity Markets: Using a Robust GMM Estimator for GARCH-M Models. Quantitative Finance, 9 (1): 93-104.
  • Pettengill, G., N., Sundaram, S. ve Mathur, I. (1995). The Conditional Relation Between Beta and Returns. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 30(1): 101-116.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75: 335–346.
  • Pooter, M. ve Dijk, D.(2004). Testing for Changes in Volatility in Heteroskedastic Time Series- A Further Examination. Econometric Institute Report EI 2004-38, 1-39. file:///C:/Users/asus/Downloads/ei200438.pdf.
  • Robinson, P.M. ve Henry, M. (1999). Long and Short Memory Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Estimating the Memory Parameter of Levels. Econometric Theory, 15 (3): 299-336.
  • Ross, A. S. (1976). The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing. Journal of Economic Theory, 13 (3): 341-360.
  • Salvador, E. (2012). The Risk-Return Trade off in Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets and Trade, 48 (6): 106-128.
  • Salvador, E., Floras, C. ve Arago, V. (2014). Re-examining the Risk-Return Relationship in Europe: Linear or non-Linear Trade-off ?. Journal of Emprical Finance, 28: 60-77.
  • Sandoval, E.A. ve Saens, R. (2004). The Conditional Relationship Between Portfolio Beta and Return: Evidence From Latin America. Cuadernos De Economia, 41: 65-89.
  • Sansó, A., Aragó, V. ve Carrıon-I Silvestre, J. L. (2004). Testing for Change in the Unconditional Variance of Financial Time Series. Revista De Economía Financiera, 4: 32–53.
  • Seçme, O., Aksoy, M. ve Uysal, Ö. (2016). Katılım Endeksi Getiri, Performans ve Oynaklığının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 72: 107-128.
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. Journal of Finance 19: 425–442.
  • Sinha, T. (1994). Prospect Theory and the Risk Return Association: Another Look. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 24 (2): 225-231.
  • Tetik, M. ve Özen, E. (2016). Overreaction Hypothesis and Reaction of Borsa İstanbul to Dow-Jones. Business and Economic Research, 6 (2): 412-423.
  • Theriou, N.G., Aggelidis, V.P. ve Maditinos, D.I. (2010). Testing the Relation Between Beta and Returns in the Athens Stock Exchange. Managerial Finance, 36 (12): 1043-1056.
  • Tse, Y.K. (1998). The Conditional Heteroscedasticity of the Yen–Dollar Exchange Rate. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 13: 49–55.
  • Wang, L. (2005). On the Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation: A Bayesian Model Comparison Perspective. Working Paper, 1-36. Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business. https://ink.library.smu.edu. sg/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi ?article=37 67 & context= lkc sb_research.
  • Whitelaw, R. (2000). Stock Market Risk and Return: An Equilibrium Approach. Rewiew of Financial Studies, 13: 521-547.
  • Yalçıner, K. (2006). Risk ile Getiri Arasındaki Doğrusallığın İMKB’de Analizi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 29: 182-189.
  • Yao, Y.C. (1988). Estimating the Number of Change-Points via Schwarz’ Criterion. Statistics and Probability Letters, 6 (3): 181–189.
  • Zakoian, J. (1994). Threshold Heteroskedastic Models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18: 931-955.
Year 2021, , 14 - 38, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.799148

Abstract

References

  • Abdennadher, E. ve Hallara, S. (2018). Structural Breaks and Stock Market Volatility in Emerging Countries. International Journal of Business and Risk Management, 1(1): 9-16.
  • Akar, C. (2007). İktisadi Krizlerin ve Takvimsel Faktörlerin Bireysel Hisse Senetlerinin Getirisi ve Volatilitesi Üzerindeki Etkileri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 22 (253): 115-132.
  • Akkoç, S. ve Özkan, N. (2013). An Empirical Investigation of the Uncertain Information Hypothesis: Evidence from Borsa İstanbul. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 7 (2): 101-119.
  • Aloui, C. ve Mabrouk, S. (2010). Value-at-risk Estimations of Energy Commodities via Long-Memory, Asymmetry and Fat-Tailed GARCH Models.Energy Policy, 38, 2326-2339.
  • Ang, A., Hodrick, R., Xing Y. ve Zhang X. (2008). High Idiosyncratic Volatility and Low Returns: International and Further U.S. Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 91 (1):1-23.
  • Arshanapalli, B., Fabozzi, F.J. ve Nelson, W. (2013). The Role of Jump Dynamics in the Risk–Return Relationship. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29: 212-218.
  • Badshah, I., Frijns,B., Knif, J. ve Tourani-Rad, A. (2016). Asymmetries of the Intraday Return-Volatility Relation. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48: 182-192.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (1998). Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes. Econometrica, 66: 47-78.
  • Bai, J. ve Perron, P. (2003). Computation and Analysis of Multiple Structural Change Models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18: 1–22.
  • Baillie, R.T., Bollerslev, T.ve Mikkelsen, H.O. (1996). Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 73: 3–20.
  • Bali, T.G. (2008). The Intertemporal Relation Between Expected Returns and Risk. Journal of Financial Economics, 87: 101–131.
  • Bentes, S.R. (2015). Forecasting Volatility in Gold Returns under the GARCH, IGARCH and FIGARCH Frameworks: New Evidence. Physica A, 438: 355–364.
  • Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307–327.
  • Chan, K.C., Karolyi, G.A. ve Stulz, R.M. (1992). Global Financial Markets and Risk Premium on US Equity. Journal of Financial Economics, 32 (2): 137-167.
  • Chen, N.-F., Roll, R. ve Ross, S.A. (1986). Economic Forces and the Stock Market. Journal of Business, 59, 383–403.
  • Cheng, A-R. ve Jahan-Parvar, M.R. (2014). Risk-Return Trade-off in the Pacific Basin Equity Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 18: 123-140.
  • Chiang, T.C., Li, H. ve Zheng, D. (2015). The Intertemporal Risk-Return Relationship: Evidence from International Markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 39: 156-180.
  • Choudhry, T. (1996). Stock Market Volatility and The Crash of 1987: Evidence From Six Emerging Markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 15: 969-981.
  • Christensen, B. J., Nielsen, M. Ø. ve Zhu, J. (2015). The Impact of Financial Crises on the Risk–Return Trade-off and the Leverage Effect. Economic Modelling, 49: 407-418.
  • Cox, J. ve Ross, S. (1976). The Valuation of Options for Alternative Stochastic Process. Journal of Financial Economics, 3: 145-166.
  • Crombez, J. ve Vennet, R. V. (1997). The Performance of Conditional Betas on the Brussels Stock Exchange. Working Paper, Department Of Financial Economics, University Of Gent.
  • Çomak, A. (2009). Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli Çerçevesinde Risk Getiri İlişkisi ve İMKB’ye Bir Uygulama. Marmara Üniversitesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, https://katalog. marmara.edu.tr/eyayin/tez/T0061630.pdf.
  • Davidson, J. (2004). Moment and Memory Properties of Linear Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models, and A New Model. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 22: 16–29.
  • De Bondt, W. ve Thaler, R. (1985). Does The Stock Merket Overreact ?. The Journal of Finance, 40 (3): 793-805.
  • Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 427–431.
  • Ding, Z., Granger, C. W. J. ve Engle, R. F. (1993). A Long Memory Property of Stock Market Returns and a New Model. Journal of Empirical Finance, 1: 83–106.
  • Dizdarlar, H.I. ve Can, R. (2017). Aşırı Tepki Hipotezinin Geçerliliğinin Test Edilmesi: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 16. UİK Özel Sayısı: 815-832.
  • Engle, R.F, Lilien, D.M ve Robins, R.P. (1987).Estimating Time Varying Risk Premia in The Term Structure: the ARCH-M Model. Econometrica, 55: 391–407.
  • Esteve, V., Ibanez-Navarro, M. ve Prats, M. (2013). The Spanish Term Structure of Interest Rates Revisited: Cointegration with Multiple Structural Breaks, 1974-2010. International Review of Economics and Finance, 25: 24-34.
  • Faff, R. (2001). A Multivariate Test of a Dual Beta CAPM: Australian Evidence. Financial Review, 36: 157-174.
  • Fama, E. ve French, K. (1992). The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Finance, 47: 427-465.
  • Fama, E. ve MacBeth, J. (1973). Risk, Return and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 607-636.
  • Fama, E.F. ve Schwertz, G.W. (1977). Asset Returns and Inflation. Journal of Financial Economics, 5: 115-146.
  • Fifield, S.,G., M., McMillan, D.G. ve McMillan, F., J. (2020). Is There a Risk and Return Relation?. The European Journal of Finance, 26 (11): 1075- 1101.
  • Fletcher, J. (1997). An Examination of the Cross-Sectional Relationship of the Beta and Return: UK Evidence. Journal of Economics and Business, 49: 211-221.
  • Fletcher, J. (2000). On the Conditional Relationship Between Beta and Return in International Stock Returns. International Rewiev of Financial Analysis, 9 (3): 235-245.
  • Gemici, E. ve Cihangir, M. (2018). Borsa İstanbul Pay Piyasasında Aşırı Tepki. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2): 289-298.
  • Geweke, J. ve Porter-Hudak, S. (1983). The Estimation and Application of Long Memory Time Series Models. Journal of Time Series Analysis 4 (4): 221–238.
  • Ghysels, E., Santa-Clara, P. ve Valkanov, R. (2005). There is A Risk-Return Trade-off After All. Journal of Financial Economics, 76 (3): 509-548.
  • Girard, E., Rahman,H. ve Zaher,T. (2001). Intertemporal Risk-Return Relationship in the Asian Markets around The Asian Crisis. Financial Services Review, 10: 249-272.
  • Glosten, L.R., Jagannathan, R. ve Runkle, D.E. (1993). On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks. Journal of Finance, 48: 1779–1801.
  • Gürsakal, S. (2011). GARCH Modelleri ve Varyans Kırılması: İMKB Örneği. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (3): 161-178.
  • Han, L. (2013). Understanding the Puzzling Risk-Return Relatonship for Housing. The Review of Financial Studies, 26 (4): 877-928.
  • Hatipoğlu, M. ve Uçkun, N. (2017). Gelişmekte Olan Ülke Borsalarında Risk ve Getiri İlişkisi: 2008 Küresel Kriz Örneği. Journal of Yaşar University, 12 (46): 113-122.
  • He, J. ve Ng, L.K. (1994). Economic Forces, Fundamental Variables, and Equity Returns. The Journal of Business, 67 (4): 599-609. Hodoshima, J., Garza–Gómez, X.ve Kunimura, M. (2000). Cross-Sectional Regression Analysis of Return and Beta in Japan. Journal of Economics and Business, 52: 513-533.
  • Hua, X., Sun, L. ve Wang, T. (2016). Impact of Exchange Rate Regime Reform on Asset Returns in China. The European Journal of Finance, 21(2): 147-171.
  • Huang, P. ve Hueng, C.J. (2008). Conditional Risk–Return Relationship in a Time-Varying Beta Model. Quantitative Finance, 8(4): 381-390.
  • Hundal, S., Eskola, A. ve Tuan, D. (2019). Risk-Return Relationship in the Finnish Stock Market in the Light of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Journal of Transnational Management, 24 (4): 305-322.
  • Hung, D. C., Mark, S. ve Xu, X. ( 2004). CAPM, Higher Co-moment and Factor Models of UK Stock Returns. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 31: 87-112.
  • Inclán, C. ve Tiao, G. C. (1994). Use Of Cumulative Sums of Squares for Retrospective Detection of Changes of Variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 89 (427): 913–923.
  • Jensen, M.B. ve Lunde, A. (2001). The NIG-S&ARCH model: A Fat-tailed, Stochastic and Autoregressive Conditional Hetoreskedastic Volatility Model. The Econometrics Journal, 4 (2): 319-342.
  • Jung, R.C. ve Maderitsch, R. (2014). Structural Breaks in Volatility Spillovers Between International Financial Markets : Contagion or Mere Interdependence ?. Journal of Banking and Finance, 47: 331-342.
  • Kang, S.H., Kang, S-M. ve Yoon, S-M. (2009). Forecasting Volatility of Crude Oil Markets. Energy Economics, 31: 119–125.
  • Kayalıdere, K. ve Aktaş, H. (2012). Vadeli İşlem ve Opsiyon Borsasında Risk-Getiri Etkileşimi ve Haftanın Günleri Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Süleymean Demirel Ünüversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 17 (3): 321-338.
  • Kim, S-W. ve Lee, B-S. (2007). Stock Returns, Asymmetric Volatility, Risk Aversion, And Business Cycle: Some New Evıdence. Economic Inpuiry, 46 (2): 131-148.
  • Kinnunen, J. (2014). Risk-Return Trade-off in the Stock Exchange of Thailand: New Evidence. Asian Social Science, 7 (7):115-123.
  • Koopman, S.J. ve Uspensky, E.H. (2002). The Stochastic Volatility-in-Mean Model: Empirical Evidence from International Stock Markets. Journal of Applied Economics, 17(6): 667-689.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P.C.W., Schmidt, P. ve Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity against the Alternative of Unit Root: How Sure are We That Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root. Journal of Econometrics, 54: 159–178.
  • Lakonishok, J. ve Shapiro, A. C. (1986). Systematic Risk, Total Risk, and Size as Determinants of Stock Market Returns. Journal of Banking and Finance, 10: 115- 132.
  • Lee, C.F., Chen,G. ve Rui, O.M. (2001). Stock Return and Volatility on China’s Stock Market. Journal of Financial Research, 24 (4): 523-543.
  • León, Á., Nave, J.M. ve Rubio,G. (2007). The Relationship Between Risk and Expected Return in Europe. Journal of Banking & Finance, 31 (2): 495-512.
  • Li, Q., Yang, J., Hsiao, C. ve Chang, Y-J. (2005). The Relationship Between Stock Returns and Volatility in International Stock Markets. Journal of Empirical Finance, 12: 650-665.
  • Lin, S.L. (2008). Conditional Risk and Return in Asian Emerging Markets: Evidence from the Banking Sector. Applied Economics, 40, 3173-3183.
  • Lintner, J. (1965). The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets. Review of Economics and Statistics 47: 13–37.
  • Liu J., Wu, S. ve Zidek, J.V. (1997). On Segmented Multivariate Regressions. Statistica Sinica, 7: 497–525.
  • Liu, H., Shen, S., Wang, T.ve Huang, Z. (2016). Revisiting the Risk-Return Relation in the Chinese Stock Market: Decomposition of Risk Premium and Volatility Feedback Effect. China Economic Journal, 9 (2): 140-153.
  • Liu, J. (2019). Impacts of Lagged Returns on the Risk-Return Relationship of Chinese Aggregate Stock Market: Evidence from Different Data Frequencies. Research in International Business and Finance, 48: 243-257.
  • Lo, A. W. (1991). Long Term Memory in Stock Market Prices. Econometrica, 59: 1279–1313.
  • Lundblad, C. (2007). The Risk Return Trade-off in the Long Run: 1836-2003. Journal of Financial Economics, 85 (1): 123-150.
  • Lux, T., Segnon, M. ve Gupta, R. (2016). Forecasting Crude Oil Price Volatility and Value-at-Risk: Evidence From Historical and Recent Data. Energy Economics, 56: 117–133.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7 (1): 77-91.
  • Mensi, W., Hammudeh, S. ve Yoon, S.M .(2014). How Do OPEC News and Structural Breaks Impact Returns and Volatility in Crude Oil Markets?. Further Evidence from a Long Memory Process. Energy Economics, 42: 343–354.
  • Merton, R.C. (1973). An Intertemporal Asset Pricing Model. Econometrica, 41, 867–887.
  • Merton, R. (1987). A Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with Incomplete Information. Journal of Finance 42: 483-510.
  • Morelli, D. (2011). Joint Conditionality in Testing the Beta-Return Relationship: Evidence based on the UK Stock Market. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 21, 1-13.
  • Morelli, D.A. (2007). Conditional Relationship Between Beta and Return in the UK Stock Market. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 17: 257-272.
  • Morley, B. ve Thomas, D. (2011). Risk-Return Relationship and Asymmetric Adjustment in the UK Housing Market. Applied Financial Economics, 21: 735-742.
  • Nelson, D.B. (1991). Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach. Econometrica, 59(2): 347-370.
  • Park, B-J. (2009). Risk–Return Relationship in Equity Markets: Using a Robust GMM Estimator for GARCH-M Models. Quantitative Finance, 9 (1): 93-104.
  • Pettengill, G., N., Sundaram, S. ve Mathur, I. (1995). The Conditional Relation Between Beta and Returns. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 30(1): 101-116.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75: 335–346.
  • Pooter, M. ve Dijk, D.(2004). Testing for Changes in Volatility in Heteroskedastic Time Series- A Further Examination. Econometric Institute Report EI 2004-38, 1-39. file:///C:/Users/asus/Downloads/ei200438.pdf.
  • Robinson, P.M. ve Henry, M. (1999). Long and Short Memory Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Estimating the Memory Parameter of Levels. Econometric Theory, 15 (3): 299-336.
  • Ross, A. S. (1976). The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing. Journal of Economic Theory, 13 (3): 341-360.
  • Salvador, E. (2012). The Risk-Return Trade off in Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets and Trade, 48 (6): 106-128.
  • Salvador, E., Floras, C. ve Arago, V. (2014). Re-examining the Risk-Return Relationship in Europe: Linear or non-Linear Trade-off ?. Journal of Emprical Finance, 28: 60-77.
  • Sandoval, E.A. ve Saens, R. (2004). The Conditional Relationship Between Portfolio Beta and Return: Evidence From Latin America. Cuadernos De Economia, 41: 65-89.
  • Sansó, A., Aragó, V. ve Carrıon-I Silvestre, J. L. (2004). Testing for Change in the Unconditional Variance of Financial Time Series. Revista De Economía Financiera, 4: 32–53.
  • Seçme, O., Aksoy, M. ve Uysal, Ö. (2016). Katılım Endeksi Getiri, Performans ve Oynaklığının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 72: 107-128.
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. Journal of Finance 19: 425–442.
  • Sinha, T. (1994). Prospect Theory and the Risk Return Association: Another Look. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 24 (2): 225-231.
  • Tetik, M. ve Özen, E. (2016). Overreaction Hypothesis and Reaction of Borsa İstanbul to Dow-Jones. Business and Economic Research, 6 (2): 412-423.
  • Theriou, N.G., Aggelidis, V.P. ve Maditinos, D.I. (2010). Testing the Relation Between Beta and Returns in the Athens Stock Exchange. Managerial Finance, 36 (12): 1043-1056.
  • Tse, Y.K. (1998). The Conditional Heteroscedasticity of the Yen–Dollar Exchange Rate. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 13: 49–55.
  • Wang, L. (2005). On the Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation: A Bayesian Model Comparison Perspective. Working Paper, 1-36. Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business. https://ink.library.smu.edu. sg/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi ?article=37 67 & context= lkc sb_research.
  • Whitelaw, R. (2000). Stock Market Risk and Return: An Equilibrium Approach. Rewiew of Financial Studies, 13: 521-547.
  • Yalçıner, K. (2006). Risk ile Getiri Arasındaki Doğrusallığın İMKB’de Analizi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 29: 182-189.
  • Yao, Y.C. (1988). Estimating the Number of Change-Points via Schwarz’ Criterion. Statistics and Probability Letters, 6 (3): 181–189.
  • Zakoian, J. (1994). Threshold Heteroskedastic Models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18: 931-955.
There are 99 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Önder Büberkökü 0000-0002-7140-557X

Publication Date March 31, 2021
Submission Date September 23, 2020
Acceptance Date January 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Büberkökü, Ö. (2021). Risk-Getiri İlişkisinin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği. Finans Ekonomi Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 14-38. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.799148