Bu yazıda osteomyelitis ve
antibiyotik taşıyıcılar ile sağaltımı hakkında kaynak bilgi verildi. Antibiyotik
taşı-yıcılar ile osteomyelitisin sağaltımı arasında bağlantı kuran çalışmalar
incelenerek değerlendirmeler yapıldı.
1. Adams K., Couch L., Cierny G., Calhoun J. and Mader J.T. 1992. In vitro and in vivo eva-luation of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.. 278: 244-252.
2. Anteplioğlu, H., Samsar, E. ve Akın, F. 1990. Genel Şirurji. A.Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi Yay. Ders Kitabı: 415, I + 550.
3. Ashammakhi N., Makela E.A., Vihtonen K., Rokanken P. and Tormala P. 1995. Effect of self-reinforced polyglycolide membranes on cortical bone: an experimental study on rats. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29(6): 687-694.
5. Bonham P. 2001. A Critical Review of the Literature: Part II: Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. J WOCN, 28:141-149.
6. Buchholz H.W., Elson R.A., Engelbrecht E., lodenkamper H., Rottger J. and Siegel A. 1981. Management of deep infection of total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br., 63: 342-353.
7. Cabanillas P.F., Pena D.E., Barrales-Rienda J.M. and Frutos G. 2000. Validation and in vitro characterization of antibiotic-loaded bone cement release. Int J Pharm, 209: 15-26.
8. Castro C., Sanchez E., Delgado A., Soriano I., Nunez P., Baro M., Perera A. and Evora C. 2003. Ciprofloxacin implants for bone infection. In vitro–in vivo characterization. J Control Release, 93: 341-354.
9. Ceffa R., Andreoni S., Borre S., Ghisellini F., Fornara P., Brugo G. and Ritter M.A. 2002. Mucoraceae infections of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 17(2): 235-238.
10. Cerretani D., Giorgi G., Fornara P., Bocchi L., Neri L., Ceffa R., Ghisellini F. and Ritter M.A. 2002. The in vitro elution characteristics of vancomycin combined with imipenem-cilasta-tin in acrylic bone-cements. A pharmacokine-tic study. J Arthroplasty, 17(5): 619-626.
11. Changez M., Koul V. and Dinda A.K. 2005. Eficacy of antibiotics-loaded interpenetrating network (IPNs) hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) and gelatin for treatment of experimental osteomyelitis: in vivo study. Biomaterials, 26: 2095-2104.
12. Cierny G., Mader J.T. and Penninck J.J. 1985. A clinical staging system for adult osteomyelitis. Contemp Orthop., 10: 17-37.
13. Davies J.P. 1987. Comparison of the mechani-cal properties of Simplex P, Zimmer Regular and LVC bone cements. J Biomed Mater Res, 21: 719-730.
14. Davies J.P., O’Connor D.O., Burke D.W. and Harris W.H. 1989. Influence of antibiotic impregnation on the fatigue life of Simplex P and Palacos R acrylic bone cements, with and without centrifugation. J Biomed Mater Res, 23: 379-397.
15. Dion A., Berno B., Hall G. and Filiaggi M.J. 2005. The effect of processing on the structural characteristics of vancomycin-loaded amorp-hous calcium phosphate matrices. Biomateri-als, 26: 4486-4494.
16. Downes S. and Maughan P.A. 1989. Mecha-nism of antibiotic release from poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Clinical Materials, 4(2): 109-122.
17. Durbhakula S.M., Czajka J., Fuchs M.D. and Uhl R.L. 2004. Antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer in the 2-stage exchange of infected total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 19(6): 768-774.
18. Duruman, A., Çakırgil, G.S. ve Korkusuz, Z. 1971. Ortopedi. A.Ü. Tıp Fak. Yay.:254, 105-116.
19. Garvin K.L., Miyano J.A., Robinson D., Giger D., Novak J. and Radio S. 1994. Polylactide/polyglycolide antibiotic implants in the treatment of osteomyelitis. A canine model. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 76(10): 1500-1506.
20. Gentry L.0. 1997. Management of osteomyeli-tis. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 9: 37-42.
21. Grayson M. 1995. Diabetic foot infections-antimicrobial therapy. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am., 9: 143-161.
22. Gürsel İ., Korkusuz F., Türesin F., N. Alaed-dinoğlu G. and Hasırcı V. 2001. In vivo application of biodegradable controlled anti-biotic release systems for the treatment of implant-related osteomyelitis. Biomaterials, 22, 73-80.
23. Hanssen A.D. 2004. Prophylactic use of anti-biotic bone cement. An emerging standard-in opposition. J Arthroplasty, 19(4), Suppl 1:73-77.
24. Hanssen A.D. and Osmon D.R. 1999. The use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents during and after hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop., 369: 124-138.
25. Hanssen A.D., Rand J.A. and Osmon D.R. 1994. Treatment of the infected total knee arthroplasty with insertion of another prosthesis. The effect of antibiotic-impregna-ted bone cement. Clin. Orthop., 309: 44-55.
26. Harari, J. 1993. Surgical complications and wound healing in the small animal practice. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 203-251.
27. Hendriks J.G.E., Neut D., Hazenberg J.G., Verkerke G.J., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2005. The influence of cyclic loading on gentamicin release from acrylic bone cements. J Biomech, 38: 953-957.
28. Hendriks J.G.E., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2004. Backgrounds of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and prosthesis-related infection. Biomaterials, 25: 545–556.
29. Huneault L.M., Lussier B., Dubreuil P., Chouinard L. and Desevaux C. 2004. Prevention and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis in dogs with cipro.oxacin-loaded crosslinked high amylose starch implants. J Orthopaed Res, 22: 1351-1357.
30. Itokazu M., Matsunaga T., Kumazawa S. and Oka M. 1994. Treatment of osteomyelitis by antibiotic impregnated porous hydroxyapatite block. Clinical Materials, 17(4): 173-179.
31. Itokazu M., Wenyi Y., Aoki T., Ohara A. and Kato N. 1998. Synthesis of antibiotic-loaded interporous hydroxyapatite blocks by vacuum method and in vitro drug release testin. Biomaterials, 19: 817-819.
32. Joosten U., Joist A., Frebel T., Brandt B., Diederichs S. and von Eiff C. 2004. Evaluation of an in situ setting injectable calcium phosphate as a new carrier material for gentamicin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: Studies in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials, 25: 4287-4295.
33. Josefsson G., Gudmundsson G., Kolmert L. and Wijkström S. 1990. Prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics versus gentamicin bone cement in total hip arthroplasty. A five-year survey of 1688 hips. Clin Orthop., 253: 173-178.
34. Kato H., Matsuoka K., Kato N. and Ohkubo T. 2005. Mandibular osteomyelitis and fracture successfully treated with vascularised iliac bone graft in a patient with pycnodysostosis. Brit J Plast Surg, 58: 263-266.
35. Korkusuz F., Uchida A., Inoue K., Shinto Y., Araki N. and Ono K. 1993. Experimental implant-related osteomyelitis treated by antibiotic-calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic composites. J Bone Joint Surg., 75-B: 111-114.
36. Kuechle D.K., Landon G.O., Musher D.M. and Noble P.C. 1991. Elution of vancomycin, daptomycin and amikacin from acrylic bone cement. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 264: 302-308.
37. Laurencin C.T., Gerhart T., Witschger P., Domb A., Rosenberg A.E., Hanff P., Edsberg L., Hayes W. and Langer R. 1993. Bioerodible polyanhydrides for antibiotic drug delivery: in vivo osteomyelitis. J. Orthop. Res., 11(2): 256-262.
38. Lautenschlager E.P., Marshall G.W., Marks K.E., Schwartz J. and Nelson C.L. 1976. Mechanical strength of acrylic bone cements impregnated with antibiotics. J Biomed Mater Res, 10: 837-845.
39. Lee A.J.C. 1977. The mechanical properties of bone cements. J Med Eng Technol, 1: 137-140.
40. Lew D.P. and Waldvogel F.A. 1997. Osteomyelitis. N. Engl. J. Med., 336: 999-1007.
42. Lucke M., Schmidmaier G., Sadoni S., Wildemann B., Schiller R., Haas N.P. and Raschke M. 2003. Gentamicin coating of metallic implants reduces implant-related osteomyelitis in rats. Bone, 32: 521-531.
43. Majola A., Vainionpoa K., Vihtonen M., Mero M., Vasenius J., Tormala P and Rokanken P. 1991. Absorption, biocompatibility, and fixation properties of polylactic acid in bone tissue: an experimental study in rats. Clin. Orthop. 268: 260-269.
44. Makinen T.J., Veiranto M., Knuuti J., Jalava J., Törmala P. and Aro H.T. 2005. Efficacy of bioabsorbable antibiotic containing bone screw in the prevention of biomaterial-related infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. Bone, 36: 292-299.
45. Masri B.A., Duncan C.P. and Beauchamp C.P. 1998. Long-term elution of antibiotics from bone-cement an in vivo study using the prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement (PROSTALAC) system. J Arthroplasty, 13(3): 331-338.
46. Masri B.A., Duncan C.P., Beauchamp C.P., Paris N.J. and Arntorp J. 1995. Effect of varying surface patterns on antibiotic elution from antibiotic-loaded bone cement. J. Arthroplasty, 10(4): 453-459.
47. Mast N.H. and Horwitz D. 2002. Osteomye-litis: a review of current literature and concepts Oper. Tech. Orthop., 12(4): 232-241.
48. Monzon M., Garcia-Alvarez F., Lacleriga A., Gracia E., Leiva J., Oteiza C. and Amorena B. 2001. A simple infection model using pre-colonized implants to reproduce rat chronic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and study antibiotic treatment. J Orthopaed Res, 19: 820-826.
49. Naraharisetti P.K., Lew M.D.N., Fu Y.C., Lee D.J.and Wang C.H. 2005. Gentamicin-loaded discs and microspheres and their modifications: characterization and in vitro release. J Control Release, 102: 345-359.
50. Nelson C.L., McLaren S.G., Skinner R.A., Smeltzer M.S., Thomas J.R. and Olsen K.M. 2002. The treatment of experimental osteomyelitis by surgical debridement and the implantation of calcium sulfate tobramycin pellets. J Orthopaed Res, 20: 643-647.
51. Neut D., van de Belt H., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2003. Residu-al gentamicin-release from antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate beads after 5 years of implantation. Biomaterials, 24: 1829-1831.
52. Overbeck J.P., Winckler S.T., Meffert R., Tor-mala P., Spiegel H.V. and Brug E. 1995. Penetration of ciprofloxacin into bone: a new bioabsorbable implant. J. Invest. Surg., 8(3): 155-162.
53. Park E.S., Maniar M. and Shah J.C. 1998. Biodegradable polyanhydride devices of cefazolin sodium, bupivacaine, and taxol for local drug delivery: preparation, and kinetics and mechanism of in vitro release. J Control Release, 52: 179-189.
54. Park S.N., Kim J.K. and Suh H. 2004. Evaluation of antibiotic-loaded collagen-hyaluronic acid matrix as a skin substitute. Biomaterials, 25: 3689-3698.
55. Parsons B. and Strauss E. 2004. Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis. Am J Surg, 188(Suppl to July): 57-66.
56. Passuti N. and Gouin F. 2003. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement in orthopedic surgery. Joint Bone Spine 70: 169-174.
57. Penner M.J., Duncan C.E. and Masri B.A. 1999. The in vitro elution characteristics of antibiotic-loaded CMW and Palacos-R .bone cements. J Arthroplasty, 14(2): 209-214.
58. Penner M.J., Masri B.A. and Duncan C.P. 1996. Elution characteristics of vancomycin and tobramycin combined in acrylic bone-cement. J Arthroplasty, 11(8): 939-944.
59. Perron A.D., Brady W.J. and Miller M.D. 2003. Orthopedic Pitfalls in the ED: Osteomyelitis. Am J Emerg Med, 21: 61-67.
60. Perry C.R., Ritterbusch J.K., Rice S.H., Davenport K. and Burdge R.E. 1986. Antibio-tics delivered by an implantable drug pump: A new application for treating osteomyelitis. Am J Med, 80(6): Suppl. 2: 222-227.
61. Sanchez E., Baro M., Soriano I., Perera A. and Evora C. 2001. In vivo-in vitro study of biodegridable and osteointegrable gentamicin bone implants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 52: 151-158.
62. Shin S.S., Della Valle C.J., Ong B.C. and Meere P.A. 2002: A simple method for cons-truction of an articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. J Arthroplasty, 17(6): 785-787.
63. Smith W.R. and Shank J.R. 2002. Surgical treatment of osteomyelitis. Oper. Tech. Orthop , 12(4): 258-272.
64. Stead, A.C. 1984. Osteomyelitis in the dog and cat. J. Small Anim. Pract., 25: 1-13.
65. Steed D.L. 2004. Debridement. Am J Surg, 187 (Suppl to May): 71-74.
66. Tice A.D., Hoaglund P.A. and Shoultz DA. 2003. Outcomes of osteomyelitis among pati-ents treated with outpatient parenteral antimic-robial therapy. Am J Med, 114: 723-728.
67. Wang G.H., Liu S.J., Ueng S.W.N. and Chan E.C. 2004. The release of cefazolin and gentamicin from biodegradable PLA/PGA beads. Int J Pharm, 273: 203-212.
68. Wei G., Kotoura Y., Oka M., Yamamuro T., Wada R., Hyon S. and Ikada Y. 1991. A bio-absorbable delivery system for antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br., 73: 246-252.
69. Weiland A.J., Moore J.R. and Daniel R.K. 1984. The efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 66: 181-193.
70. Woodard, C.J. and Riser, H.W. 1991. Morphology of fracture nonunion and osteomyelitis. Vet. Clin. North Am-Small, 21(4): 813-843.
71. Yağmurlu M.F., Korkusuz F., Gürsel İ., Korkusuz P., Örs U. and Hasırcı V. 1999. Sulbactam-cefoperazone polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) local antibiotic delivery system: in vivo effectiveness and biocompatibility in the treatment of implant-related experimental osteomyelitis. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 46(4): 494-503.
72. Yenice İ., Çalış S.¸ Kaş H.S.¸ Özalp M., Ekizoğlu M. and Hıncal A.A. 2002. Biodegra-dable implantable teicoplanin beads for the treatment of bone infections. Int J Pharm, 242: 271-275.
Year 2005,
Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 97 - 103, 17.07.2005
1. Adams K., Couch L., Cierny G., Calhoun J. and Mader J.T. 1992. In vitro and in vivo eva-luation of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.. 278: 244-252.
2. Anteplioğlu, H., Samsar, E. ve Akın, F. 1990. Genel Şirurji. A.Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi Yay. Ders Kitabı: 415, I + 550.
3. Ashammakhi N., Makela E.A., Vihtonen K., Rokanken P. and Tormala P. 1995. Effect of self-reinforced polyglycolide membranes on cortical bone: an experimental study on rats. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29(6): 687-694.
5. Bonham P. 2001. A Critical Review of the Literature: Part II: Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes and foot ulcers. J WOCN, 28:141-149.
6. Buchholz H.W., Elson R.A., Engelbrecht E., lodenkamper H., Rottger J. and Siegel A. 1981. Management of deep infection of total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br., 63: 342-353.
7. Cabanillas P.F., Pena D.E., Barrales-Rienda J.M. and Frutos G. 2000. Validation and in vitro characterization of antibiotic-loaded bone cement release. Int J Pharm, 209: 15-26.
8. Castro C., Sanchez E., Delgado A., Soriano I., Nunez P., Baro M., Perera A. and Evora C. 2003. Ciprofloxacin implants for bone infection. In vitro–in vivo characterization. J Control Release, 93: 341-354.
9. Ceffa R., Andreoni S., Borre S., Ghisellini F., Fornara P., Brugo G. and Ritter M.A. 2002. Mucoraceae infections of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 17(2): 235-238.
10. Cerretani D., Giorgi G., Fornara P., Bocchi L., Neri L., Ceffa R., Ghisellini F. and Ritter M.A. 2002. The in vitro elution characteristics of vancomycin combined with imipenem-cilasta-tin in acrylic bone-cements. A pharmacokine-tic study. J Arthroplasty, 17(5): 619-626.
11. Changez M., Koul V. and Dinda A.K. 2005. Eficacy of antibiotics-loaded interpenetrating network (IPNs) hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) and gelatin for treatment of experimental osteomyelitis: in vivo study. Biomaterials, 26: 2095-2104.
12. Cierny G., Mader J.T. and Penninck J.J. 1985. A clinical staging system for adult osteomyelitis. Contemp Orthop., 10: 17-37.
13. Davies J.P. 1987. Comparison of the mechani-cal properties of Simplex P, Zimmer Regular and LVC bone cements. J Biomed Mater Res, 21: 719-730.
14. Davies J.P., O’Connor D.O., Burke D.W. and Harris W.H. 1989. Influence of antibiotic impregnation on the fatigue life of Simplex P and Palacos R acrylic bone cements, with and without centrifugation. J Biomed Mater Res, 23: 379-397.
15. Dion A., Berno B., Hall G. and Filiaggi M.J. 2005. The effect of processing on the structural characteristics of vancomycin-loaded amorp-hous calcium phosphate matrices. Biomateri-als, 26: 4486-4494.
16. Downes S. and Maughan P.A. 1989. Mecha-nism of antibiotic release from poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement. Clinical Materials, 4(2): 109-122.
17. Durbhakula S.M., Czajka J., Fuchs M.D. and Uhl R.L. 2004. Antibiotic-loaded articulating cement spacer in the 2-stage exchange of infected total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty, 19(6): 768-774.
18. Duruman, A., Çakırgil, G.S. ve Korkusuz, Z. 1971. Ortopedi. A.Ü. Tıp Fak. Yay.:254, 105-116.
19. Garvin K.L., Miyano J.A., Robinson D., Giger D., Novak J. and Radio S. 1994. Polylactide/polyglycolide antibiotic implants in the treatment of osteomyelitis. A canine model. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 76(10): 1500-1506.
20. Gentry L.0. 1997. Management of osteomyeli-tis. Int J Antimicrob Ag, 9: 37-42.
21. Grayson M. 1995. Diabetic foot infections-antimicrobial therapy. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am., 9: 143-161.
22. Gürsel İ., Korkusuz F., Türesin F., N. Alaed-dinoğlu G. and Hasırcı V. 2001. In vivo application of biodegradable controlled anti-biotic release systems for the treatment of implant-related osteomyelitis. Biomaterials, 22, 73-80.
23. Hanssen A.D. 2004. Prophylactic use of anti-biotic bone cement. An emerging standard-in opposition. J Arthroplasty, 19(4), Suppl 1:73-77.
24. Hanssen A.D. and Osmon D.R. 1999. The use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents during and after hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop., 369: 124-138.
25. Hanssen A.D., Rand J.A. and Osmon D.R. 1994. Treatment of the infected total knee arthroplasty with insertion of another prosthesis. The effect of antibiotic-impregna-ted bone cement. Clin. Orthop., 309: 44-55.
26. Harari, J. 1993. Surgical complications and wound healing in the small animal practice. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 203-251.
27. Hendriks J.G.E., Neut D., Hazenberg J.G., Verkerke G.J., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2005. The influence of cyclic loading on gentamicin release from acrylic bone cements. J Biomech, 38: 953-957.
28. Hendriks J.G.E., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2004. Backgrounds of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and prosthesis-related infection. Biomaterials, 25: 545–556.
29. Huneault L.M., Lussier B., Dubreuil P., Chouinard L. and Desevaux C. 2004. Prevention and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis in dogs with cipro.oxacin-loaded crosslinked high amylose starch implants. J Orthopaed Res, 22: 1351-1357.
30. Itokazu M., Matsunaga T., Kumazawa S. and Oka M. 1994. Treatment of osteomyelitis by antibiotic impregnated porous hydroxyapatite block. Clinical Materials, 17(4): 173-179.
31. Itokazu M., Wenyi Y., Aoki T., Ohara A. and Kato N. 1998. Synthesis of antibiotic-loaded interporous hydroxyapatite blocks by vacuum method and in vitro drug release testin. Biomaterials, 19: 817-819.
32. Joosten U., Joist A., Frebel T., Brandt B., Diederichs S. and von Eiff C. 2004. Evaluation of an in situ setting injectable calcium phosphate as a new carrier material for gentamicin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: Studies in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials, 25: 4287-4295.
33. Josefsson G., Gudmundsson G., Kolmert L. and Wijkström S. 1990. Prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics versus gentamicin bone cement in total hip arthroplasty. A five-year survey of 1688 hips. Clin Orthop., 253: 173-178.
34. Kato H., Matsuoka K., Kato N. and Ohkubo T. 2005. Mandibular osteomyelitis and fracture successfully treated with vascularised iliac bone graft in a patient with pycnodysostosis. Brit J Plast Surg, 58: 263-266.
35. Korkusuz F., Uchida A., Inoue K., Shinto Y., Araki N. and Ono K. 1993. Experimental implant-related osteomyelitis treated by antibiotic-calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic composites. J Bone Joint Surg., 75-B: 111-114.
36. Kuechle D.K., Landon G.O., Musher D.M. and Noble P.C. 1991. Elution of vancomycin, daptomycin and amikacin from acrylic bone cement. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 264: 302-308.
37. Laurencin C.T., Gerhart T., Witschger P., Domb A., Rosenberg A.E., Hanff P., Edsberg L., Hayes W. and Langer R. 1993. Bioerodible polyanhydrides for antibiotic drug delivery: in vivo osteomyelitis. J. Orthop. Res., 11(2): 256-262.
38. Lautenschlager E.P., Marshall G.W., Marks K.E., Schwartz J. and Nelson C.L. 1976. Mechanical strength of acrylic bone cements impregnated with antibiotics. J Biomed Mater Res, 10: 837-845.
39. Lee A.J.C. 1977. The mechanical properties of bone cements. J Med Eng Technol, 1: 137-140.
40. Lew D.P. and Waldvogel F.A. 1997. Osteomyelitis. N. Engl. J. Med., 336: 999-1007.
42. Lucke M., Schmidmaier G., Sadoni S., Wildemann B., Schiller R., Haas N.P. and Raschke M. 2003. Gentamicin coating of metallic implants reduces implant-related osteomyelitis in rats. Bone, 32: 521-531.
43. Majola A., Vainionpoa K., Vihtonen M., Mero M., Vasenius J., Tormala P and Rokanken P. 1991. Absorption, biocompatibility, and fixation properties of polylactic acid in bone tissue: an experimental study in rats. Clin. Orthop. 268: 260-269.
44. Makinen T.J., Veiranto M., Knuuti J., Jalava J., Törmala P. and Aro H.T. 2005. Efficacy of bioabsorbable antibiotic containing bone screw in the prevention of biomaterial-related infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. Bone, 36: 292-299.
45. Masri B.A., Duncan C.P. and Beauchamp C.P. 1998. Long-term elution of antibiotics from bone-cement an in vivo study using the prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement (PROSTALAC) system. J Arthroplasty, 13(3): 331-338.
46. Masri B.A., Duncan C.P., Beauchamp C.P., Paris N.J. and Arntorp J. 1995. Effect of varying surface patterns on antibiotic elution from antibiotic-loaded bone cement. J. Arthroplasty, 10(4): 453-459.
47. Mast N.H. and Horwitz D. 2002. Osteomye-litis: a review of current literature and concepts Oper. Tech. Orthop., 12(4): 232-241.
48. Monzon M., Garcia-Alvarez F., Lacleriga A., Gracia E., Leiva J., Oteiza C. and Amorena B. 2001. A simple infection model using pre-colonized implants to reproduce rat chronic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and study antibiotic treatment. J Orthopaed Res, 19: 820-826.
49. Naraharisetti P.K., Lew M.D.N., Fu Y.C., Lee D.J.and Wang C.H. 2005. Gentamicin-loaded discs and microspheres and their modifications: characterization and in vitro release. J Control Release, 102: 345-359.
50. Nelson C.L., McLaren S.G., Skinner R.A., Smeltzer M.S., Thomas J.R. and Olsen K.M. 2002. The treatment of experimental osteomyelitis by surgical debridement and the implantation of calcium sulfate tobramycin pellets. J Orthopaed Res, 20: 643-647.
51. Neut D., van de Belt H., van Horn J.R., van der Mei H.C. and Busscher H.J. 2003. Residu-al gentamicin-release from antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate beads after 5 years of implantation. Biomaterials, 24: 1829-1831.
52. Overbeck J.P., Winckler S.T., Meffert R., Tor-mala P., Spiegel H.V. and Brug E. 1995. Penetration of ciprofloxacin into bone: a new bioabsorbable implant. J. Invest. Surg., 8(3): 155-162.
53. Park E.S., Maniar M. and Shah J.C. 1998. Biodegradable polyanhydride devices of cefazolin sodium, bupivacaine, and taxol for local drug delivery: preparation, and kinetics and mechanism of in vitro release. J Control Release, 52: 179-189.
54. Park S.N., Kim J.K. and Suh H. 2004. Evaluation of antibiotic-loaded collagen-hyaluronic acid matrix as a skin substitute. Biomaterials, 25: 3689-3698.
55. Parsons B. and Strauss E. 2004. Surgical management of chronic osteomyelitis. Am J Surg, 188(Suppl to July): 57-66.
56. Passuti N. and Gouin F. 2003. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement in orthopedic surgery. Joint Bone Spine 70: 169-174.
57. Penner M.J., Duncan C.E. and Masri B.A. 1999. The in vitro elution characteristics of antibiotic-loaded CMW and Palacos-R .bone cements. J Arthroplasty, 14(2): 209-214.
58. Penner M.J., Masri B.A. and Duncan C.P. 1996. Elution characteristics of vancomycin and tobramycin combined in acrylic bone-cement. J Arthroplasty, 11(8): 939-944.
59. Perron A.D., Brady W.J. and Miller M.D. 2003. Orthopedic Pitfalls in the ED: Osteomyelitis. Am J Emerg Med, 21: 61-67.
60. Perry C.R., Ritterbusch J.K., Rice S.H., Davenport K. and Burdge R.E. 1986. Antibio-tics delivered by an implantable drug pump: A new application for treating osteomyelitis. Am J Med, 80(6): Suppl. 2: 222-227.
61. Sanchez E., Baro M., Soriano I., Perera A. and Evora C. 2001. In vivo-in vitro study of biodegridable and osteointegrable gentamicin bone implants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 52: 151-158.
62. Shin S.S., Della Valle C.J., Ong B.C. and Meere P.A. 2002: A simple method for cons-truction of an articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. J Arthroplasty, 17(6): 785-787.
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Durmuş, A. S., & Ünsaldı, E. (2005). ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3), 97-103.
AMA
Durmuş AS, Ünsaldı E. ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI. (DAD). July 2005;3(3):97-103.
Chicago
Durmuş, Ali Said, and Emine Ünsaldı. “ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 3, no. 3 (July 2005): 97-103.
EndNote
Durmuş AS, Ünsaldı E (July 1, 2005) ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 3 97–103.
IEEE
A. S. Durmuş and E. Ünsaldı, “ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI”, (DAD), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 97–103, 2005.
ISNAD
Durmuş, Ali Said - Ünsaldı, Emine. “ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 3/3 (July 2005), 97-103.
JAMA
Durmuş AS, Ünsaldı E. ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI. (DAD). 2005;3:97–103.
MLA
Durmuş, Ali Said and Emine Ünsaldı. “ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 3, 2005, pp. 97-103.
Vancouver
Durmuş AS, Ünsaldı E. ANTİBİYOTİK TAŞIYICILARLA OSTEOMYELİTİS SAĞALTIMI. (DAD). 2005;3(3):97-103.