Vaporizing foil actuator welding prototype manufacturing
Year 2025,
Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 73 - 84, 16.08.2024
Ganime Tuğba Önder
,
Mustafa Kemal Külekci
Abstract
The use of new materials with superior properties for manufacturing technologies and the use of industrial techniques used for these materials has always been of conservation value. In terms of existing materials, it is necessary to ensure that the design and manufacturing conditions are constantly updated. Vaporising foil actuator welding (VFAW) is a welding method developed especially for joining dissimilar metals, which is an industrial and academic problem. In order to increase the feasibility of VFAW, which has joined this manufacturing field as a new welding technique, a welding prototype has been created and tested. The study made it possible to make VFAW with DC capacitors. The process of making VFAW using direct current (DC) capacitors is explained in this study.
Project Number
ENSTİTÜ.21.001 ve 222M455
References
- 1. Beals R., Conklin J., Skszek T., Zaluzec M., Wagner D., Aluminum high pressure vacuum die casting applications for the multi material lightweight vehicle program (MMLV) body structure, Light Metals 2015, Springer, Cham., 2015.
- 2. Conklin, J., Beals, R., Brown, Z., BIW design and CAE (No. 2015-01-0408), SAE Technical Paper, 14-27, 2015.
- 3. Yan, W., Zhang, H., Jiang, Z. G., Hon, K. K. B., Multi-objective optimization of arc welding parameters: the trade-offs between energy and thermal efficiency, Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1842-1849, 2017.
- 4. Meng, Z., Gong, M., Guo, W., Liu, W., Huang, S., Hua, L., Numerical simulation of the joining interface of dissimilar metals in vaporizing foil actuator welding: Forming mechanism and factors, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 60, 654-665, 2020.
- 5. Liu, B., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Use of vaporizing foil actuator for impact welding of aluminum alloy sheets with steel and magnesium alloys, In Light Metals 2015, Springer, Cham. Edited by: Margaret Hyland, TMS (The Minerals , Metals & Material Society), 463-468, 2015.
- 6. Kapil, A., Mao, Y., Vivek, A., Cooper, R., Hetrick, E., Daehn, G. A., New approach for dissimilar aluminum-steel impact spot welding using vaporizing foil actuators, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 58, 279-288, 2020.
- 7. Mercan S., Özkavak H.V., Joining of AISI 1040 and AA6013 material pairs by mechanical locking method (MLM) using different connection angle, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 37 (4), 2309-2322, 2022.
- 8. Güleç, S., Çakmakkaya, M., Joining of Fe based ıntermetallics to stainless steel, steel, aluminum stud by using capacitor discharge stud welding, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 13 (2), 1-9:1, 2013.
- 9. Li, J., Panton, B., Liang, S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., High strength welding of NiTi and stainless steel by impact: process, structure and properties, Materials Today Communications, 25, 101306, 2020.
- 10. Gulenc, B., Investigation of interface properties and weldability of aluminum and copper plates by explosive welding method, Materials & Design, 29 (1), 275-278, 2008.
- 11. Vivek, A., DeFouw, J. D., Daehn, G. S., Dynamic compaction of titanium powder by vaporizing foil actuator assisted shearing, Powder Technology, 254, 181-186, 2014.
- 12. Vivek, A., Hansen, S. R., Liu, B. C., Daehn, G. S., Vaporizing foil actuator: a tool for collision welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213 (12), 2304-2311, 2013.
- 13. Okagawa, K., Aizawa, T., Impact seam welding with magnetic pressure for aluminum sheets, Materials Science Forum, 465-466, 231-236, 2004.
- 14. Ufferman, B., Process development of the vaporizing foil actuator welding technique , Graduate Program Dissertation, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, ABD, 2020.
- 15. Kakizaki, S., Watanabe, M., Kumai, S., Simulation and experimental analysis of metal jet emission and weld interface morphology in impact welding, Materials Transactions, 52 (5), 1003-1008, 2011.
- 16. Wang H, Wang Y., High-velocity impact welding process: a review, Metals, 9 (2),144, 2019.
- 17. Hansen, S. R., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Impact welding of aluminum alloys 6061 and 5052 by vaporizing foil actuators: heat-affected zone size and peel strength, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 137 (5).1- 6, 2015.
- 18. Akın, M., Uçuş kontrol sisteminde elektrik tahrik etkilerinin performans analizi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sivil Havacılık Anabilim Dalı, Ocak, Kayseri, 2019.
- 19. Vivek A., Brune, R.C., Hansen, S.R., Daehn, G.S., Vaporizing foil actuator used for impulse forming and embossing of titanium and aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (4), 865-875, 2014.
- 20. Liu, B., Vivek, A., Lin, W., Prothe, C., Daehn, G. S., Solid-state dissimilar joining of Ti-Fe with Nb and Cu interlayers, Weld. J, 94 (7), 219-224, 2015.
- 21. Vivek, A., Taber, G.A., Johnson, J.R., Woodward, S.T., Daehn,G.S., Electrically driven plasma via vaporization of metallic conductors: a tool for impulse metal working, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213 (8), 1311-1326, 2013.
- 22. Jeong, Y., Shin, G., Woong, C., Kim, J. H., Yoon, J., Dissimilar materials welding with a standoff-free vaporizing foil actuator between trıp 1180 steel sheets and AA5052 alloy, Materials, 14 (17), 4969, 2021.
- 23. Chen, S., Huo, X., Guo, C., Wei, X., Huang, J., Yang, J., Lin, S., Interfacial characteristics of Ti/Al joint by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 263, 73-81, 2019.
- 24. Kore, S. D., Date, P. P., Kulkarni, S. V., Electromagnetic impact welding of aluminum to stainless steel sheets, Journal of materials processing technology, 208 (1-3), 486-493, 2008.
- 25. Mao, Y., Kapil, A., Thurston, B., Taber, G., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Impact spot welding of aluminum alloy 5052-H32 to dual phase 590 steel by vaporizing foil actuator, International Automotive Body Congress 2016, Dearborn, Michigan, 2016.
- 26. Hahn, M., Weddeling, C., Taber, G., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Tekkaya, A. E., Vaporizing foil actuator welding as a competing technology to magnetic pulse welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 230, 8-20, 2016.
- 27. Gong, M., Lai, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, W., Li, C., Geng, H., Li, X., Cao, Q., Han, X., Liang, L., Water-augmented vaporizing foil actuator welding: process performance and mechanisms clarifications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 318, 118040, 2023.
- 28. Kawano, R., Tanaka, S., Inao, D., Hokamoto, K., Acceleration of metal plates by hybridization of electrical and chemical energy for potential application in high-velocity impact welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 318, 118014, 2023.
- 29. Vivek A., Hansen, S.R., Daehn, G.S., High strain rate metalworking with vaporizing foil actuator: control of flyer velocity by varying input energy and foil thickness, Revıew of Scıentıfıc Instruments, 85, 075101, 2014.
- 30. Hansen, S.T., Vaporizing foil actuator process parameters: ınput characteristics, energy deposition, and pressure output, Graduate Program Dissertation, Materials Science And Engineering, The Ohio State University, ABD, 2018.
- 31. Zhou, Y., Li, C., Wang, X., Liao, Z., Shi, X., Yao, C., Investigation of flyer plate dynamic behavior in electromagnetic pulse welding, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 68, 189-197, 2021.
- 32. Özada Ç., Ünal M., Yazıcı M., Supercapacitor: fundamentals and materials, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (2), 1315-1332, 2024.
- 33. Aslanlar, S., Elektrik ark kaynağı ve gaz eritme kaynak teknolojisi ders notları, T.C. Sakarya Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Metal Eğitimi Bölümü Kaynak Teknolojisi ve Uygulamaları, Şubat 2009, http://www.kocaelimakine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/kaynak-teknolojisi-salim-aslanlar.pdf, Son erişim tarihi 07.06. 2023.
- 34. Jiang, K., Li, H., Ye, X., Lei, Y., Lao, K. W., Zhang, S., Hu, X., Energy efficiency evaluation and revenue distribution of dc power distribution systems in nearly zero energy buildings, Energies, 15 (15), 5726, 2022.
- 35. Önder, G. T., Külekci, M. K., Aluminum forming by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 38 (4), 993-1003, 2023.
- 36. Vivek, A., Liu, B. C., Hansen, S. R., Daehn, G. S., Accessing collision welding process window for titanium/copper welds with vaporizing foil actuators and grooved targets, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (8), 1583-1589, 2014.
- 37. Lee, T., Zhang, S., Vivek, A., Kinsey, B., Daehn, G., Flyer thickness effect in the impact welding of aluminum to steel, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 140 (12), 2018.
- 38. Du, F., Deng, L., Wang, X., Zhang, M., Jin, J., Zhang, J., Study on interfacial characteristics and properties of NiTi/Al–Mg joint by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 3429-3440, 2022.
- 39. Zhang, Y., Babu, S. S., Prothe, C., Blakely, M., Kwasegroch, J., LaHa, M., Daehn, G. S., Application of high velocity impact welding at varied different length scales, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 211 (5), 944-952, 2011.
- 40. Vivek, A., Presley, M., Flores ,K.M., Hutchinson N.H., Daehn , G.S., Solid state impact welding of BMG and copper by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 634, 14 May., 14-19, 2015.
- 41. Cheng, J., Hu, X., Sun, X., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Cullen, D., Multi-scale characterization and simulation of impact welding between immiscible Mg/steel alloys, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 59, 149-163, 2020.
- 42. Zhang, S., Lueg-Althoff, J., Hahn, M., Tekkaya, A. E., Kinsey, B., Effect of process parameters on wavy interfacial morphology during magnetic pulse welding, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 143 (1), 011010, 2021.
- 43. Nirudhoddi, B. S., Prasad, K. S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., High strength welds in titanium & nickel based alloys by impact welding–a practical method, Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 3, 100056, 2021.
- 44. Yu, H., Dang, H., Qiu, Y., Zhang, W., Effects of key parameters on magnetic pulse welding of 5A02 tube and SS304 tube, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 110, 2529-2540, 2020.
- 45. Yu, H., Tong, Y., Magnetic pulse welding of aluminum to steel using uniform pressure electromagnetic actuator, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 91, 2257-2265, 2017.
- 46. Lee, K. J., Kumai, S., Arai, T., Aizawa, T., Interfacial microstructure and strength of steel/aluminum alloy lap joint fabricated by magnetic pressure seam welding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 471 (1-2), 95-101, 2007.
- 47. Su, S., Chen, S., Mao, Y., Xiao, J., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Joining aluminium alloy 5A06 to stainless steel 321 by vaporizing foil actuators welding with an interlayer, Metals, 9 (1), 43, 2019.
- 48. Lee, T., Zhang, S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Kinsey, B., Wave formation in impact welding: study of the Cu–Ti system, CIRP Annals, 68 (1), 261-264, 2019.
Buharlaştırılmış folyo aktüatör kaynağı prototip imalatı
Year 2025,
Volume: 40 Issue: 1, 73 - 84, 16.08.2024
Ganime Tuğba Önder
,
Mustafa Kemal Külekci
Abstract
İmalat teknolojileri için üstün özellikli yeni malzemeler temin etmek ve bu malzemeler için kullanılabilir endüstriyel teknikler keşfetmek her zaman kayda değer olmuştur. Mevcut malzemeler açısından da tasarım ve imalat şartlarının sürekli iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Buharlaştırılmış folyo aktüatör kaynağı (BFAK) özellikle endüstriyel ve akademik bir sorun olan farklı metallerin birleştirilmesi için geliştirilmiş bir kaynak yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada imalat alanına yeni bir kaynak tekniği olarak katılmış BFAK’nın laboratuvar şartlarında yapılabilirliğini geliştirmek amacıyla bir kaynak prototipi oluşturulmuş ve denemeleri yapılmıştır. Doğru akım (DC) kapasitörleri kullanılarak BFAK yapma süreci burada açıklanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma DC kapasitörler ile BFAK yapılmasını mümkün kılmıştır.
Supporting Institution
Bu çalışma Tarsus Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinasyon Birimi ve TÜBİTAK "1002-A Hızlı Destek Modülü"
Project Number
ENSTİTÜ.21.001 ve 222M455
Thanks
Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK "1002-A Hızlı Destek Modülü" kapsamında 222M455 numaralı proje kapsamında ve Tarsus Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinasyon Biriminin ENSTİTÜ.21.001 numaralı projesi kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz.
References
- 1. Beals R., Conklin J., Skszek T., Zaluzec M., Wagner D., Aluminum high pressure vacuum die casting applications for the multi material lightweight vehicle program (MMLV) body structure, Light Metals 2015, Springer, Cham., 2015.
- 2. Conklin, J., Beals, R., Brown, Z., BIW design and CAE (No. 2015-01-0408), SAE Technical Paper, 14-27, 2015.
- 3. Yan, W., Zhang, H., Jiang, Z. G., Hon, K. K. B., Multi-objective optimization of arc welding parameters: the trade-offs between energy and thermal efficiency, Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1842-1849, 2017.
- 4. Meng, Z., Gong, M., Guo, W., Liu, W., Huang, S., Hua, L., Numerical simulation of the joining interface of dissimilar metals in vaporizing foil actuator welding: Forming mechanism and factors, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 60, 654-665, 2020.
- 5. Liu, B., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Use of vaporizing foil actuator for impact welding of aluminum alloy sheets with steel and magnesium alloys, In Light Metals 2015, Springer, Cham. Edited by: Margaret Hyland, TMS (The Minerals , Metals & Material Society), 463-468, 2015.
- 6. Kapil, A., Mao, Y., Vivek, A., Cooper, R., Hetrick, E., Daehn, G. A., New approach for dissimilar aluminum-steel impact spot welding using vaporizing foil actuators, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 58, 279-288, 2020.
- 7. Mercan S., Özkavak H.V., Joining of AISI 1040 and AA6013 material pairs by mechanical locking method (MLM) using different connection angle, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 37 (4), 2309-2322, 2022.
- 8. Güleç, S., Çakmakkaya, M., Joining of Fe based ıntermetallics to stainless steel, steel, aluminum stud by using capacitor discharge stud welding, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 13 (2), 1-9:1, 2013.
- 9. Li, J., Panton, B., Liang, S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., High strength welding of NiTi and stainless steel by impact: process, structure and properties, Materials Today Communications, 25, 101306, 2020.
- 10. Gulenc, B., Investigation of interface properties and weldability of aluminum and copper plates by explosive welding method, Materials & Design, 29 (1), 275-278, 2008.
- 11. Vivek, A., DeFouw, J. D., Daehn, G. S., Dynamic compaction of titanium powder by vaporizing foil actuator assisted shearing, Powder Technology, 254, 181-186, 2014.
- 12. Vivek, A., Hansen, S. R., Liu, B. C., Daehn, G. S., Vaporizing foil actuator: a tool for collision welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213 (12), 2304-2311, 2013.
- 13. Okagawa, K., Aizawa, T., Impact seam welding with magnetic pressure for aluminum sheets, Materials Science Forum, 465-466, 231-236, 2004.
- 14. Ufferman, B., Process development of the vaporizing foil actuator welding technique , Graduate Program Dissertation, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, ABD, 2020.
- 15. Kakizaki, S., Watanabe, M., Kumai, S., Simulation and experimental analysis of metal jet emission and weld interface morphology in impact welding, Materials Transactions, 52 (5), 1003-1008, 2011.
- 16. Wang H, Wang Y., High-velocity impact welding process: a review, Metals, 9 (2),144, 2019.
- 17. Hansen, S. R., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Impact welding of aluminum alloys 6061 and 5052 by vaporizing foil actuators: heat-affected zone size and peel strength, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 137 (5).1- 6, 2015.
- 18. Akın, M., Uçuş kontrol sisteminde elektrik tahrik etkilerinin performans analizi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Sivil Havacılık Anabilim Dalı, Ocak, Kayseri, 2019.
- 19. Vivek A., Brune, R.C., Hansen, S.R., Daehn, G.S., Vaporizing foil actuator used for impulse forming and embossing of titanium and aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (4), 865-875, 2014.
- 20. Liu, B., Vivek, A., Lin, W., Prothe, C., Daehn, G. S., Solid-state dissimilar joining of Ti-Fe with Nb and Cu interlayers, Weld. J, 94 (7), 219-224, 2015.
- 21. Vivek, A., Taber, G.A., Johnson, J.R., Woodward, S.T., Daehn,G.S., Electrically driven plasma via vaporization of metallic conductors: a tool for impulse metal working, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213 (8), 1311-1326, 2013.
- 22. Jeong, Y., Shin, G., Woong, C., Kim, J. H., Yoon, J., Dissimilar materials welding with a standoff-free vaporizing foil actuator between trıp 1180 steel sheets and AA5052 alloy, Materials, 14 (17), 4969, 2021.
- 23. Chen, S., Huo, X., Guo, C., Wei, X., Huang, J., Yang, J., Lin, S., Interfacial characteristics of Ti/Al joint by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 263, 73-81, 2019.
- 24. Kore, S. D., Date, P. P., Kulkarni, S. V., Electromagnetic impact welding of aluminum to stainless steel sheets, Journal of materials processing technology, 208 (1-3), 486-493, 2008.
- 25. Mao, Y., Kapil, A., Thurston, B., Taber, G., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Impact spot welding of aluminum alloy 5052-H32 to dual phase 590 steel by vaporizing foil actuator, International Automotive Body Congress 2016, Dearborn, Michigan, 2016.
- 26. Hahn, M., Weddeling, C., Taber, G., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., Tekkaya, A. E., Vaporizing foil actuator welding as a competing technology to magnetic pulse welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 230, 8-20, 2016.
- 27. Gong, M., Lai, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, W., Li, C., Geng, H., Li, X., Cao, Q., Han, X., Liang, L., Water-augmented vaporizing foil actuator welding: process performance and mechanisms clarifications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 318, 118040, 2023.
- 28. Kawano, R., Tanaka, S., Inao, D., Hokamoto, K., Acceleration of metal plates by hybridization of electrical and chemical energy for potential application in high-velocity impact welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 318, 118014, 2023.
- 29. Vivek A., Hansen, S.R., Daehn, G.S., High strain rate metalworking with vaporizing foil actuator: control of flyer velocity by varying input energy and foil thickness, Revıew of Scıentıfıc Instruments, 85, 075101, 2014.
- 30. Hansen, S.T., Vaporizing foil actuator process parameters: ınput characteristics, energy deposition, and pressure output, Graduate Program Dissertation, Materials Science And Engineering, The Ohio State University, ABD, 2018.
- 31. Zhou, Y., Li, C., Wang, X., Liao, Z., Shi, X., Yao, C., Investigation of flyer plate dynamic behavior in electromagnetic pulse welding, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 68, 189-197, 2021.
- 32. Özada Ç., Ünal M., Yazıcı M., Supercapacitor: fundamentals and materials, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (2), 1315-1332, 2024.
- 33. Aslanlar, S., Elektrik ark kaynağı ve gaz eritme kaynak teknolojisi ders notları, T.C. Sakarya Üniversitesi Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Metal Eğitimi Bölümü Kaynak Teknolojisi ve Uygulamaları, Şubat 2009, http://www.kocaelimakine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/kaynak-teknolojisi-salim-aslanlar.pdf, Son erişim tarihi 07.06. 2023.
- 34. Jiang, K., Li, H., Ye, X., Lei, Y., Lao, K. W., Zhang, S., Hu, X., Energy efficiency evaluation and revenue distribution of dc power distribution systems in nearly zero energy buildings, Energies, 15 (15), 5726, 2022.
- 35. Önder, G. T., Külekci, M. K., Aluminum forming by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Cukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 38 (4), 993-1003, 2023.
- 36. Vivek, A., Liu, B. C., Hansen, S. R., Daehn, G. S., Accessing collision welding process window for titanium/copper welds with vaporizing foil actuators and grooved targets, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (8), 1583-1589, 2014.
- 37. Lee, T., Zhang, S., Vivek, A., Kinsey, B., Daehn, G., Flyer thickness effect in the impact welding of aluminum to steel, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 140 (12), 2018.
- 38. Du, F., Deng, L., Wang, X., Zhang, M., Jin, J., Zhang, J., Study on interfacial characteristics and properties of NiTi/Al–Mg joint by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 3429-3440, 2022.
- 39. Zhang, Y., Babu, S. S., Prothe, C., Blakely, M., Kwasegroch, J., LaHa, M., Daehn, G. S., Application of high velocity impact welding at varied different length scales, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 211 (5), 944-952, 2011.
- 40. Vivek, A., Presley, M., Flores ,K.M., Hutchinson N.H., Daehn , G.S., Solid state impact welding of BMG and copper by vaporizing foil actuator welding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 634, 14 May., 14-19, 2015.
- 41. Cheng, J., Hu, X., Sun, X., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Cullen, D., Multi-scale characterization and simulation of impact welding between immiscible Mg/steel alloys, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 59, 149-163, 2020.
- 42. Zhang, S., Lueg-Althoff, J., Hahn, M., Tekkaya, A. E., Kinsey, B., Effect of process parameters on wavy interfacial morphology during magnetic pulse welding, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 143 (1), 011010, 2021.
- 43. Nirudhoddi, B. S., Prasad, K. S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G. S., High strength welds in titanium & nickel based alloys by impact welding–a practical method, Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 3, 100056, 2021.
- 44. Yu, H., Dang, H., Qiu, Y., Zhang, W., Effects of key parameters on magnetic pulse welding of 5A02 tube and SS304 tube, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 110, 2529-2540, 2020.
- 45. Yu, H., Tong, Y., Magnetic pulse welding of aluminum to steel using uniform pressure electromagnetic actuator, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 91, 2257-2265, 2017.
- 46. Lee, K. J., Kumai, S., Arai, T., Aizawa, T., Interfacial microstructure and strength of steel/aluminum alloy lap joint fabricated by magnetic pressure seam welding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 471 (1-2), 95-101, 2007.
- 47. Su, S., Chen, S., Mao, Y., Xiao, J., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Joining aluminium alloy 5A06 to stainless steel 321 by vaporizing foil actuators welding with an interlayer, Metals, 9 (1), 43, 2019.
- 48. Lee, T., Zhang, S., Vivek, A., Daehn, G., Kinsey, B., Wave formation in impact welding: study of the Cu–Ti system, CIRP Annals, 68 (1), 261-264, 2019.