Yeşil binalardaki düşey boşluklarda yangın güvenliği optimizasyonu: Duman tahliyesi ve sıcaklık kontrolü için performans ve duyarlılık analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 1543 - 1558

Mehmet Akif Yıldız , Figen Beyhan

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1578525

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yeşil bina tasarımlarında düşey iç boşluklarda oluşan baca etkisine bağlı hareket eden hava akımları ve bu akımların doğrudan etkilediği dumanın tahliyesi ile bina içi sıcaklık kontrolünü sağlamak amacıyla performansa dayalı bir yangın tasarımı yaklaşımı geliştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, duman tahliyesinin hedeflendiği tasarım tahliye boşluğu içeren bir prototip bina modeli tasarlanmıştır. Modelde, boşluk genişliği ve yüksekliği, boşluktaki hava giriş ve çıkışı ile odalardaki pencere açıklıklarının genişliği ve yüksekliği olmak üzere altı değişkene dayalı tasarım senaryoları oluşturulmuştur. Parametrik analiz yöntemiyle her değişken sıralı olarak analiz edilip en iyi sonuç elde edildikten sonra bir sonraki değişkenin analizine geçilmiştir. Bu analizler sonucunda tasarım değişkenlerinin duman yayılımı ve sıcaklık kontrolü üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ardından, çok değişkenli regresyon analizi ile değişkenlerin ortam sıcaklığı üzerindeki etki düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak duman tahliyesi ve ortam sıcaklığı kontrolü için tasarım parametrelerinin katkı düzeylerinin yaklaşık olarak aynı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak boşluk yüksekliği duman tahliyesi için etkili olurken ortam sıcaklığını anlamlı olarak etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen regresyon denklemiyle model doğruluğu %99 oranında sağlanarak, elde edilen bulguların güvenilirliği teyit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Düşey iç boşluklar, duman tahliyesi, ortam sıcaklığı, simülasyon, duyarlılık analizi

Fire safety optimization in vertical voids in green buildings: performance and sensitivity analysis for smoke extraction and temperature control

Öz

This study developed a performance-based fire design approach to ensure the extraction of smoke moving due to the chimney effect formed in vertical interior voids in green building designs and to ensure indoor temperature control. In this context, a prototype building model with an extraction void in its structure was designed for smoke. In the model, design scenarios based on six variables were created: the width and height of the void, the air inlet and outlet in the void, and the width and height of the window openings in the rooms. Each variable was analysed sequentially using the parametric analysis method, and after the best result was obtained, the following variable was analysed. As a result of these analyses, the effects of the design variables on smoke spread and temperature control were determined. The effect levels of the variables on the ambient temperature were statistically evaluated with multivariate regression analysis. As a result, it was determined that the contribution levels of the design parameters for smoke extraction and ambient temperature control were approximately the same. However, it was determined that the void height was effective for smoke extraction but did not significantly affect the ambient temperature. With the regression equation obtained in the study, the model accuracy was provided at a rate of 99%, and the reliability of the findings was confirmed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vertical interior voids, smoke extraction, ambient temperature, simulation, sensitivity analysis

Kaynakça

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