Research Article
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Examining the Relationship Between Mental Training and Challenge Levels of Wheelchair Basketball Players

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 210 - 215, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1472593

Abstract

This research aims to describe the mental training and challenge levels of wheelchair basketball players and to examine the relationship between them. 108 wheelchair basketball athletes participated in the research. In this research, the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Data were obtained by using " Sport Mental Training Qestionnaire-SMTQ " developed by Behnke et al. (2017) and adapted to Turkish by Yarayan and İlhan (2018), and " Challenge and Threat in Sports Scale " developed by Rossato et al. (2018) and adapted to Turkish by Türkyılmaz ve Altıntaş (2020). In the analysis of the data obtained in the research; T-Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis and Simple Linear Regression analysis were used. As a result of the findings obtained from the research, when the mental training and challenge levels of the athletes are examined according to the disability variable, it is seen that there is no statistically significant difference. When the mental training levels of the athletes were examined according to the variable of years of doing sports, there was a low positive relationship, and when their challenge levels were examined, although there was a low negative relationship, it was determined that this relationship was not statistically significant. It was determined that there was a positive, moderately statistically significant relationship between SMTQ total and challenge. As a result, it has been determined that the mental training performed by wheelchair basketball players has a significant impact on their levels of challenge.

References

  • Arnold, R. ve Fletcher, D. (2012). Psychometric issues in organizational stressor research: a review and implications for sport psychology. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 16(2), 81-100.
  • Arvinen-Barrow, M. ve Walker, N. (2013). The psychology of sport injury and rehabilitation. Abingdon: Routledge. (pp. 117-131).
  • Bates, L., Kearns, R., Witten, K. ve Carroll, P. (2019). ‘A level playing field’: young people's experiences of wheelchair basketball as an enabling place. Health & place, 60, 102192.
  • Behnke, M., Tomczak, M., Kaczmarek, L. D., Komar, M. ve Gracz, J. (2019). The sport mental training questionnaire: development and validation. Current Psychology, 38, 504-516.
  • Blascovich, J. (2008). Challenge and threat A.J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation. New York: Psychology Press, (pp. 431-445).
  • Chadha, N. J., Turner, M. J. ve Slater, M. J. (2019). Investigating irrational beliefs, cognitive appraisals, challenge and threat, and affective states in golfers approaching competitive situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2295.
  • Creswell, J. W. ve Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. USA: Sage publications.
  • Çelik, O. B. ve Güngör, N. B. (2020). The effects of the mental training skills on the prediction of the sports sciences faculty students' anxiety levels. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, (9), 888-929.
  • Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. USA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Fiorilli, G., Iuliano, E., Aquino, G., Battaglia, C., Giombini, A., Calcagno, G. ve Di Cagno, A. (2013). Mental health and social participation skills of wheelchair basketball players: a controlled study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 3679-3685.
  • Fliess Douer, O., Koseff, D., Tweedy, S., Molik, B. ve Vanlandewijck, Y. (2021). Challenges and opportunities in wheelchair basketball classification–a delphi study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39, 7-18.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. ve Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hedrick, B. (1952). Wheelchair Basketball. USA: Paralyzed Veterans of America.
  • Hong, S., Malik, M. L. ve Lee, M. K. (2003). Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using a non-western sample. Educational and psychological measurement, 63(4), 636-654.
  • ICF (2013). A practical manual for using the ınternational classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: WHO.
  • IWBF (2021, 30 Ocak). Erişim Adresi: https://iwbf.org/the-game/history-wheelchair-basketball/
  • Kara, Ö. ve Hoşver, P. U. (2019). Play-Off müsabakalarında yer alan kadın voleybolcuların zihinsel antrenman düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Öğrenci Çalışmaları, 1(1), 35-42.
  • Karaca, R. ve Gündüz, N. (2021). Oryantiring sporcularinda zihinsel antrenman ve performans ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 99-115.
  • Kumcağız, H. ve Çayir, G. A. (2018). Determining views about the effect of sport on the quality of life of people with physical disabilities. İnönü Uni. J. Fac. Ed, 19, 654-669.
  • Lavoie, C. É., Vallerand, R. J. ve Verner-Filion, J. (2021). Passion and emotions: the mediating role of cognitive appraisals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54, 101907.
  • Martin, A. J., Kennett, R., Pearson, J., Mansour, M., Papworth, B. ve Malmberg, L. E. (2021). Challenge and threat appraisals in high school science: investigating the roles of psychological and physiological factors. Educational Psychology, 1-22.
  • Martin, J. J. (2017). Handbook of disability sport and exercise psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Meijen, C., Turner, M., Jones, M. V., Sheffield, D. ve McCarthy, P. (2020). A Theory of challenge and threat states in athletes: a revised conceptualization. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 477661.
  • Öner, Ç. ve Cankurtaran, Z. (2020). Elit okçuların zihinsel beceri ve tekniklerinin atış performanslarını belirleyici rolü. Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Ratner, B. (2009). The correlation coefficient: Its values range between+ 1/− 1, or do they?. Journal of targeting, measurement and analysis for marketing, 17(2), 139-142.
  • Rossato, C. J., Uphill, M. A., Swain, J. ve Coleman, D. A. (2018). The development and preliminary validation of the challenge and threat in sport (cat-sport) scale. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(2), 164-177.
  • SDP IWG (2023, 12 Ekim). Erişim Adresi: https://www.sport-for-development.com/imglib/downloads/sdpiwg2008-harnessing-the-power-of-sport-for-development-and-peace-summary.pdf
  • Şişman, Y. (2014). Engelliler açısından eşitlik, ayrımcılık ve eğitim hakkı. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, (32).
  • Türkyılmaz, H. B. ve Altıntaş, A. (2020). Sporda mücadele ve tehdit ölçeği'nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(2).
  • Vealey, R. S. (2007). Mental skills training in sports. İçinde: Tenenbaum G, & Eklund R. C, (edt) Handbook of sport psychology. (p. 287–309).
  • Weinberg, R. S. ve Gould, D. S. (2014). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Winnick, J. P. (2017). Uyarlanmış beden eğitimi ve spor. İstanbul: Ekin Kitap Spor.
  • Yarayan, Y. E. ve İlhan, E. L. (2018). Sporda zihinsel antrenman envanteri’nin (szae) uyarlama çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 205-218.
  • Yılmaz, A., Şentürk, U. ve Ramazanoğlu, F. (2014). Bedensel engellilerde spor konulu araştırmaların içerik analizi. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri, 9(1-2).

Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolcularının Zihinsel Antrenman ve Mücadele Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 29 Issue: 4, 210 - 215, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1472593

Abstract

Bu araştırma ile tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının zihinsel antrenman ve mücadele düzeylerini betimlemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 108 tekerlekli sandalye basketbol sporcusu katılmıştır. Bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Behnke vd. (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Yarayan ve İlhan (2018) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Sporda Zihinsel Antrenman Envanteri (SZAE) ile Rossato vd. (2018) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkyılmaz ve Altıntaş (2020) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Sporda Mücadele ve Tehdit Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde; T-Testi, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon analizi ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda sporcuların engel durumu değişkenine göre zihinsel antrenman ve mücadele düzeyleri incelendiğinde, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği görülmektedir. Sporcuların spor yapma yılı değişkenine göre zihinsel antrenman düzeyleri incelendiğinde pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde, mücadele düzeyleri incelendiğinde negatif yönde düşük düzeyde bir ilişki olmasına rağmen bu ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. SZAE toplam ile mücadele arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının yaptıkları zihinsel antrenmanın, sporcuların mücadele düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Arnold, R. ve Fletcher, D. (2012). Psychometric issues in organizational stressor research: a review and implications for sport psychology. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 16(2), 81-100.
  • Arvinen-Barrow, M. ve Walker, N. (2013). The psychology of sport injury and rehabilitation. Abingdon: Routledge. (pp. 117-131).
  • Bates, L., Kearns, R., Witten, K. ve Carroll, P. (2019). ‘A level playing field’: young people's experiences of wheelchair basketball as an enabling place. Health & place, 60, 102192.
  • Behnke, M., Tomczak, M., Kaczmarek, L. D., Komar, M. ve Gracz, J. (2019). The sport mental training questionnaire: development and validation. Current Psychology, 38, 504-516.
  • Blascovich, J. (2008). Challenge and threat A.J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation. New York: Psychology Press, (pp. 431-445).
  • Chadha, N. J., Turner, M. J. ve Slater, M. J. (2019). Investigating irrational beliefs, cognitive appraisals, challenge and threat, and affective states in golfers approaching competitive situations. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2295.
  • Creswell, J. W. ve Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. USA: Sage publications.
  • Çelik, O. B. ve Güngör, N. B. (2020). The effects of the mental training skills on the prediction of the sports sciences faculty students' anxiety levels. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, (9), 888-929.
  • Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. USA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Fiorilli, G., Iuliano, E., Aquino, G., Battaglia, C., Giombini, A., Calcagno, G. ve Di Cagno, A. (2013). Mental health and social participation skills of wheelchair basketball players: a controlled study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(11), 3679-3685.
  • Fliess Douer, O., Koseff, D., Tweedy, S., Molik, B. ve Vanlandewijck, Y. (2021). Challenges and opportunities in wheelchair basketball classification–a delphi study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39, 7-18.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. ve Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hedrick, B. (1952). Wheelchair Basketball. USA: Paralyzed Veterans of America.
  • Hong, S., Malik, M. L. ve Lee, M. K. (2003). Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using a non-western sample. Educational and psychological measurement, 63(4), 636-654.
  • ICF (2013). A practical manual for using the ınternational classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: WHO.
  • IWBF (2021, 30 Ocak). Erişim Adresi: https://iwbf.org/the-game/history-wheelchair-basketball/
  • Kara, Ö. ve Hoşver, P. U. (2019). Play-Off müsabakalarında yer alan kadın voleybolcuların zihinsel antrenman düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Öğrenci Çalışmaları, 1(1), 35-42.
  • Karaca, R. ve Gündüz, N. (2021). Oryantiring sporcularinda zihinsel antrenman ve performans ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 99-115.
  • Kumcağız, H. ve Çayir, G. A. (2018). Determining views about the effect of sport on the quality of life of people with physical disabilities. İnönü Uni. J. Fac. Ed, 19, 654-669.
  • Lavoie, C. É., Vallerand, R. J. ve Verner-Filion, J. (2021). Passion and emotions: the mediating role of cognitive appraisals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54, 101907.
  • Martin, A. J., Kennett, R., Pearson, J., Mansour, M., Papworth, B. ve Malmberg, L. E. (2021). Challenge and threat appraisals in high school science: investigating the roles of psychological and physiological factors. Educational Psychology, 1-22.
  • Martin, J. J. (2017). Handbook of disability sport and exercise psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Meijen, C., Turner, M., Jones, M. V., Sheffield, D. ve McCarthy, P. (2020). A Theory of challenge and threat states in athletes: a revised conceptualization. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 477661.
  • Öner, Ç. ve Cankurtaran, Z. (2020). Elit okçuların zihinsel beceri ve tekniklerinin atış performanslarını belirleyici rolü. Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-9.
  • Ratner, B. (2009). The correlation coefficient: Its values range between+ 1/− 1, or do they?. Journal of targeting, measurement and analysis for marketing, 17(2), 139-142.
  • Rossato, C. J., Uphill, M. A., Swain, J. ve Coleman, D. A. (2018). The development and preliminary validation of the challenge and threat in sport (cat-sport) scale. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(2), 164-177.
  • SDP IWG (2023, 12 Ekim). Erişim Adresi: https://www.sport-for-development.com/imglib/downloads/sdpiwg2008-harnessing-the-power-of-sport-for-development-and-peace-summary.pdf
  • Şişman, Y. (2014). Engelliler açısından eşitlik, ayrımcılık ve eğitim hakkı. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, (32).
  • Türkyılmaz, H. B. ve Altıntaş, A. (2020). Sporda mücadele ve tehdit ölçeği'nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(2).
  • Vealey, R. S. (2007). Mental skills training in sports. İçinde: Tenenbaum G, & Eklund R. C, (edt) Handbook of sport psychology. (p. 287–309).
  • Weinberg, R. S. ve Gould, D. S. (2014). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
  • Winnick, J. P. (2017). Uyarlanmış beden eğitimi ve spor. İstanbul: Ekin Kitap Spor.
  • Yarayan, Y. E. ve İlhan, E. L. (2018). Sporda zihinsel antrenman envanteri’nin (szae) uyarlama çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 205-218.
  • Yılmaz, A., Şentürk, U. ve Ramazanoğlu, F. (2014). Bedensel engellilerde spor konulu araştırmaların içerik analizi. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri, 9(1-2).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sonay Serpil Daşkesen 0000-0002-8227-6590

Yunus Emre Yarayan 0000-0003-0582-8088

Ekrem Levent İlhan 0000-0002-1117-2700

Publication Date October 31, 2024
Submission Date April 27, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 29 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Daşkesen, S. S., Yarayan, Y. E., & İlhan, E. L. (2024). Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolcularının Zihinsel Antrenman ve Mücadele Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(4), 210-215. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1472593

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Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.