The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Quality On Entrepreneurial Intention

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 23, 22 - 42, 30.04.2021

Zafer Adıgüzel , Nisa Nur Musluhıttınoglu

Abstract

This study examines the quality and impact of entrepreneurship education provided to university students. Over the years, the number of young entrepreneurs starting their own businesses has increased as a result of this education, which has in turn had a positive impact on employment and economic growth. The advantages and disadvantages offered by starting one’s own business affect each individual’s intentions in different ways. This study has found that both entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship advantages positively affect young people’s intentions to start their own businesses. The study further found that the negative aspects of entrepreneurship instill negative imagine in young people’s minds and decease their intentions to start their own businesses. During the study’s implementation, questionnaires were collected from 650 university students. SPSS 25 and AMOS were used to analyze the data. A factor analysis and reliability analysis were initially performed after which a correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between variables. While testing hypotheses, we performed a regression analysis and sobel test to measure the mediating variable’s effect.

Keywords

Quality of University Education, Entrepreneurship Advantages, Entrepreneurship Disadvantages, Entrepreneurial Intention

Üniversitelerde Verilen Girişimcilik Eğitiminin Kalitesinin Girişimcilik Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Üniversitelerde verilen girişimcilik eğitimleri sayesinde kendi işlerini kuran girişimcilerin sayısında artış gözlenmektedir. Bu durum hem istihdam açısından hem de ekonomiye katkı açısından önemlidir. Öğrencilerde girişimcilik niyetinin oluşması ve girişimcilik alanında faaliyetler gösterebilmeleri için verilen eğitimin içeriği bu açıdan çok önemlidir. Aynı zaman da girişimciliğin avantajlı ve dezavantajlı yönleriyle, bireylerin niyetlerini farklı yönlerden etkilediği kabul edilebilmektedir. Önemli olan girişimcilikde yaşanabilecek dezavantajlı durumların nasıl yönetilebileceği konusunda gençlerde farkındalık oluşturabilmektir. Çalışmanın amacı kapsamında üniversitelerde eğitim gören gençlere girişimcilik eğitimi verilmesi durumunda hem verilen eğitimin kalitesi hem de eğitimin öğrencilere etkisi incelenmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında 650 üniversite öğrencisinden anketler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesin de SPSS 25 ve AMOS programları kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle faktör analizi ve güvenirlilik analizi yapılmış, bu analizlerden sonra sırasıyla korelasyon, regresyon analizi ve aracı değişken etkisinin analizi için de sobel testi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda hem girişimcilik eğitiminin hem de girişimcilik avantajlarının, gençlerin girişimcilik niyetlerini olumlu yönde etkilediği açıklanabilmektedir. Girişimciliğin dezavantajlı yönlerinin gençlerde olumsuz bir düşünce oluşturduğu ve girişimcilik niyetlerini ortadan kaldırdığı sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Keywords

Üniversite Eğitiminin Kalitesi, Girişimcilik Avantajları, Girişimcilik Dezavantajları, Girişimcilik Niyeti

References

• Bagheri, A., & Pihie, Z. A. L. (2014). The moderating role of gender in shaping entrepreneurial intentions: Implications for vocational guidance. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 14(3), 255-273.
• Boyd, R. L. (2000). Survivalist entrepreneurship among urban blacks during the Great Depression: A test of the disadvantage theory of business enterprise. Social Science Quarterly, 972-984.
• Bozkurt, Ö. (2006). Girişimcilik eğiliminde kişilik özelliklerinin önemi, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 1(2), 93-111.
• Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: girişimci ve öğrenci görüşleri.
• Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: girişimci ve öğrenci görüşleri. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi. 8(1), 7-28.
• Bridge, S., & O'Neill, K. (2012). Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Macmillan International Higher Education.
• Brown, T. A., & Moore, M. T. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis. Handbook of structural equation modeling, 361-379.
• Burnham, J. J., & Gullone, E. (1997). The Fear Survey Schedule for Children—II: a psychometric investigation with American data. Behaviour research and therapy, 35(2), 165-173.
• Burns, P. (2016). Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited.
• Carr, J. C., & Sequeira, J. M. (2007). Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent: A theory of planned behavior approach. Journal of business research, 60(10), 1090-1098.
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
• Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic management journal, 10(1), 75-87.
• De la Cruz Sánchez-Escobedo, M., Díaz-Casero, J. C., Hernández-Mogollón, R., & Postigo-Jiménez, M. V. (2011). Perceptions and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. An analysis of gender among university students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(4), 443-463.
• De Vries, M. K. (1977). The entrepreneurial personality: A person at the crossroads. Journal of management studies, 14(1), 34-57.
• Do Paço, A., Ferreira, J. M., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R. G., & Dinis, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial intentions: is education enough?. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(1), 57-75.
• Fatoki, O. (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: Motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business Management, 5(9), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v4n2p161
• Gaglio, C. M., & Katz, J. A. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16(2), 95–111.
• Gavurová, B., Belás, J., Kotásková, A., & Cepel, M. (2018). Management of education concepts in the field of entrepreneurship of university students in the Czech Republic. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). Reliability analysis. In IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step (pp. 245-256). Routledge.
• Gutiérrez, J. G., & Baquero, J. E. G. (2017). New cross-proposal entrepreneurship and innovation in educational programs in third level (tertiary) education. Contaduría y Administración, 62(1), 239-261.
• Hansemark, O. C. (2003). Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business start-ups: A longitudinal study. Journal of economic Psychology, 24(3), 301-319.
• Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford university press.
• Hattab, H. W. (2014). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Egypt. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 1-18.
• Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship research and practice: a call to action for psychology. American psychologist, 62(6), 575.
• Hoyle, R. H. (2000). Confirmatory factor analysis. In Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 465-497). Academic Press.
• İlhan, S. (2004). Girişimcilik ve sosyo-ekonomik süreçteki rolü. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 70-75.
• Kanonuhwa, M., & Chimucheka, T. (2016). The association of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among university students in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. International Journal of Education and Science, 12(3), 200–211.
• Karakece, E. (2020). Girişimcilik Zihniyetinde Korku ve Önyargilarin Etkilerinin Araştirilmasi: Kavramsal Model Önerisi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi).
• Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J., Lans, T., Mulder, M., & Chizari, M. (2012). The role of entrepreneurship education in developing students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Available at SSRN 2152944.
• Kirzner, I. M. (2015). Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press.
• Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
• Koe, W. L., Sa’ari, J. R., Majid, I. A., & Ismail, K. (2012). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among millennial generation. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 197-208.
• Korent, D., Vuković, K., & Brčić, R. (2015). Entrepreneurial activity and regional development. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 28(1), 939-958.
• Kuehn, K. (2008). Entrepreneurial intentions research: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 11, 87–98.
• Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning.
• Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
• MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 41-62.
• Martin, M. J. (1984). Managing technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Reston, VA.:Reston Publishing.
• Matlay, H., Othman, N., Hashim, N., & Ab Wahid, H. (2012). Readiness towards entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training.
• Millman, C., Li, Z., Matlay, H., & Wong, W. (2010). Entrepreneurship education and students’ internet entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 17(4), 569–590. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 14626001011088732
• Moore, T. W. (2003). Applying Cognitive Processes to Franchisees: The Use of Entrepreneurial Measures to Study Franchisee Response to Constraints (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati), 1-210.
• Myers, J. L., Well, A., & Lorch, R. F. (2010). Research design and statistical analysis. Routledge.
• Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric theory 3E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
• Özkan, Ş. (2003). Türkiye de Girişimcilik ve Belirleyiciler: Marmara ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 58(04).
• Palalić, R., Ramadani, V., Ðilović, A., Dizdarević, A., & Ratten, V. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students: a case-based study. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 11(03), 393-413.
• Parker, S. C. (2018). The economics of entrepreneurship. Cambridge University Press.
• Pincus, K. V., Stout, D. E., Sorensen, J. E., Stocks, K. D., & Lawson, R. A. (2017). Forces for change in higher education and implications for the accounting academy. Journal of Accounting Education, 40, 1-18.
• Prabhu, V. P., McGuire, S. J., Drost, E. A., & Kwong, K. K. (2012). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 18(5), 559-586.
• Raposo, M., & Do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453-457.
• Rauch, A., & Hulsink, W. (2015). Putting entrepreneurship education where the intention to act lies: An investigation into the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial behavior. Academy of management learning & education, 14(2), 187-204.
• Sánchez, J. C. (2011). Entrepreneurship: introduction. Psicothema, 23(3), 424-426.
• Sasu, C., & Sasu, L. (2015). Demographic determinant of the entrepreneurship intentions. The case of Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20(232), 580-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00111-2
• Schaper, M., Volery, T., Weber, P., & Lewis, K. (2010). Entrepreneurship and small business. John Wiley & Sons.
• Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of management review, 25(1), 217-226.
• Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology, 13, 290-312.
• Solomon, G., Hamidi, D. Y., Wennberg, K., & Berglund, H. (2008). Creativity in entrepreneurship education. Journal of small business and enterprise development.
• Staniewski, M., & Awruk, K. (2015). Motivating factors and barriers in the commencement of one’s own business for potential entrepreneurs. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 28(1), 583-592.
• Storey, D. J. (Ed.). (2016). Entrepreneurship and New Firm: Theory and Policy. Routledge.
• Storey, D. J., & Greene, F. J. (2010). Small business and entrepreneurship. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
• Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Silverman, S. J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity. Human kinetics.
• Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC, 10694-000.
• Uluyol, O. (2013). Öğrencilerin Girişimcilik Eğilimlerinin Belirlenmesi; Gölbaşı Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27-28.
• Von Graevenitz, G., Harhoff, D., & Weber, R. (2010). The effects of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 76(1), 90-112.
• Wilks, S. S. (2015). Elementary statistical analysis. Princeton University Press.
• Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. J. (1969). Fear survey schedule. San Diego, CA: Educational and industrial testing service.