Determination of University Students’ Preventive Attitudes for Lung Cancer and Healthy Life Awareness and The Influencing Factors

Year 2024, , 313 - 318, 30.06.2024

Melike Demir Doğan

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1398846

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine university students' attitudes toward lung cancer screening and healthy lifestyle and the factors that influence these attitudes.
Methods: In the study, the data were collected from 295 students between September 2022 and February 2023 by using a personal information form, the Healthy Life Awareness Scale (HLAS), the Health Belief Model Scale for Lung Cancer and Screening (HBMSLCS).
Results: It was observed that the sensitivity perception and barrier perception subscales of the HBMSLCS were higher in men than their female counter parts, and those with extended families had higher severity perception and barrier perception than those with nuclear families. As the general health status improved, the sensitivity perception and the severity perception decreased. Sensitivity perception was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Non-smokers had higher health motivation than non-smokers. Moreover, the barrier perception was higher in those consuming alcohol compared to those who did not. As the HLAS increased, it was observed that the severity perception and barrier perception subscales of the HBMSLCS decreased.
Conclusion: Consequently, it was determined that the students perceived lung cancer screening as beneficial, but they were not sensitive enough to have screening. The barrier perception related to screening was low, the health motivation was high, and the severity perception was moderate.

Keywords

Lung Cancer Awareness, Healthy Life Awareness, University Students, Health belief model

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akciğer Kanserinden Korunmaya Yönelik Tutum ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalıkları ile Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinin akciğer kanseri taramalarına ve sağlıklı yaşam tarzına yönelik tutumlarını ve bu tutumları etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-Kesitsel nitelikteki bu çalışmada veriler Eylül 2022-Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında 295 öğrenciden kişisel bilgi formu, Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalık Ölçeği, Akciğer Kanseri ve Taramalarına Yönelik Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Akciğer Kanseri ve Taramalarına Yönelik Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği duyarlılık algısı ve engel algısı alt ölçeklerinin erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek olduğu ve geniş aileye sahip olanların çekirdek aileye sahip olanlara göre daha yüksek şiddet algısı ve engel algısına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Genel sağlık durumu iyileştikçe duyarlılık algısı ve şiddet algısı azalmıştır. Sigara içenlerde duyarlılık algısı içmeyenlere göre daha yüksektir. Sigara içmeyenlerin sağlık motivasyonu sigara içenlere göre daha yüksekti. Ayrıca, alkol tüketenlerde tüketmeyenlere kıyasla engel algısı daha yüksekti. Sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı arttıkça Akçiğer kanserine yönelim sağlık inanç modelinin şiddet algısı ve engel algısı alt ölçeklerinin azaldığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin akciğer kanseri taramasını faydalı olarak algıladıkları, ancak tarama yaptırmak için yeterince duyarlı olmadıkları belirlenmiştir. Taramaya ilişkin engel algısı düşük, sağlık motivasyonu yüksek ve şiddet algısı orta düzeydedir.

Keywords

Akciğer Kanseri Farkındalığı, Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı, Üniversite Öğrencileri, Sağlık inanç modeli

References

• Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018;68 (1):7–30.
• National Cancer Registry Ireland, 2018. Cancer factsheet – lung. https://www.ncri.ie/sites/ncri/files/factsheets/Factsheet%20lung.pdf. (Accessed 1 September 2020).
• Cancer Research Uk, 2020. Lung cancer statistics. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer type/lung-cancer#heading-Two. (Accessed 1 September 2020).
• National Cancer Institute. Cancer stat facts: lung and bronchus cancer. Website. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html. Accessed May 31, 2023.
• Turkey cancer statistics, 2018. Türkiye kanser istatistikleri, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health). chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf (Accessed 13 February 2024).
• Jemal A, Ward EM, Johnson CJ, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2014, featuring survival. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2017;109 (9).
• Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 365 (5): 395–409.
• Suckling R. Early Lung Cancer Intervention in Doncaster: Doncaster 3 Week Cough ’How To’ Guide. Cancer Research UK. 2010. http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/ prod_consump/groups/cr_common/@nre/@hea/documents/generalcontent/cr_042781.pdf (accessed 5 Mar 2012).
• Tod AM, Suckling R, Rogers T, et al. Early intervention in lung cancer within Doncaster (ElCiD). Lung Cancer 2008;60:S17.
• Huo J, Shen C, Volk RJ, Shih YT. Use of CT and chest radiography for lung cancer screening before and after publication of screening guidelines: intended and unintended uptake. JAMA Intern. Med. 2017; 177 (3): 439–441.
• Jemal A, Fedewa SA. Lung Cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography in the United States-2010 to 2015. JAMA Oncol. 2017; 3 (9): 1278–1281.
• Pham D, Bhandari S, Oechsli M, Pinkston CM, Kloecker GH. Lung cancer screening rates: data from the lung cancer screening registry. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2018; 36 (15_suppl): 6504.
• Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87–108.
• Simon AE, Juszczyk D, Smyth N, Power E, Hiom S, Peake MD and Wardle J. Knowledge of Lung Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in the UK: Development of a Measure and Results from a Population-Based Survey. Thorax 2012; 67: 426- 432. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200898
• Walker SL, Saltman DL, Colucci R and Martin L. Awareness of Risk Factors among Persons at Risk for Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Apnea: A Canadian Population-Based Study. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2010; 17: 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/426563
• Ironmonger L, Ohuma E, Ormiston-Smith N, Gildea C, Thomson CS, Peake MD. An evaluation of the impact of large-scale interventions to raise public awareness of a lung cancer symptom. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(1):207–16.
• Power E, Wardle J. Change in public awareness of symptoms and perceived barriers to seeing a doctor following Be Clear on Cancer campaigns in England. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(Suppl 1):S22–6.
• World Health Organization. Cancer Fact Sheet March, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer Erişim Tarihi: 06.08.2021
• Özer E, Yılmaz N. Healthy Life Awareness: A Scale Development Study. J Tradit Med Complement Ther. 2020;3(1):47-60. doi:10.5336/jtracom.2019-72138
• Demir Doğan M, Sül A, Aynacı G, Çürük H and Yeşilyurt S. Development study of health belief model scale for Lung Cancer and its Screening. Int J Cancer Res Ther, 2021; 6 (2):12-17.
• Hanson HM, Raag M, Adrat M and Laisaar T. Awareness of Lung Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in General Population. Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2017;7: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojrd.2017.71001
• Saab MM, Noonan B, Kilty C, FitzGerald S, Collins A, Lyng Á, et al. Awareness and help-seeking for early signs and symptoms of lung cancer: A qualitative study with high-risk individuals. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2021;50:101880.
• Desalu OO, Fawibe AE, Sanya EO, Ojuawo OB, Aladesanmi AO, Salami AK. Lung cancer awareness and anticipated delay before seeking medical help in the middle-belt population of Nigeria. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016;20(4):560–6
• Crane M, Scott N, O’Hara BJ, Aranda S, Lafontaine M, Stacey I, et al. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms and risk factors of lung cancer in Australia: mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:508.
• Elshami M, Abukmail H, Aqel W, et al. Awareness of Palestinians about lung cancer symptoms: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22: 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-01923-1
• Moffat J, Bentley A, Ironmonger L, Boughey A, Radford G, Duffy S. The impact of national cancer awareness campaigns for bowel and lung cancer symptoms on sociodemographic inequalities in immediate key symptom awareness and GP attendances. Br J Cancer. 2015 Mar 31;112 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S14-21. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2015.31.
• Erica T Warner, Christopher S Lathan. Race and sex differences in patient provider communication and awareness of lung cancer screening in the health information National Trends Survey, 2013–2017, Preventive Medicine 2019;124: 84-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.05.001.
• Simmons VN, Gray JE, Schabath MB, Wilson LE, Quinn GP. High-risk community and primary care providers knowledge about and barriers to low-dose computed topography lung cancer screening. Lung Cancer 2017;106: 42–49.
• Patel D, Akporobaro A, Chinyanganya N, Hackshaw A, Seale C, Spiro SG. Attitudes to participation in a lung cancer screening trial: a qualitative study. Thorax. 2012;67:418‐25.
• Quaife S, Marlow LAV, McEwen A, Janes S, Wardle J. Attitudes towards lung cancer screening in socioeconomically deprived and heavy smoking communities: informing screening communication. Health Expect. 2016;. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12481.
• Ali N, Lifford K, Carter B, et al. Barriers to uptake among high-risk individuals declining participation in lung cancer screening: a mixed methods analysis of the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) trial. BMJ Open. 2015;5(7):e008254.
• Silvestri GA, Nietert PJ, Zoller J, Carter C, Bradford D. Attitudes towards screening for lung cancer among smokers and their non-smoking counterparts. Thorax. 2007;62:126‐130.
• Demir Doğan, M., Kurt, S. & Ertin, B. The correlation between individuals’ attitudes toward cancer screening, cancer information overload, and healthy life awareness: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Berl.) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-01852-1
• Kızılırmak A, Kartal B, Calpbinici P. Investigation of the relation between doing breast self-examination (BSE) of the students and perception of health. Asian Pac J Health Sci 2017; 4(2):191–197. https://doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.2.31