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Baş Ağrısında Nörolojik Muayenesi Normal Olan Hastalar İçin Beyin MRG Gerekli midir?

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 6, 677 - 682, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1148153

Abstract

Amaç: Baş ağrısı toplumda en sık doktora başvurma sebeplerinden biridir. Kişinin hayat kalitesini bozması yanı sıra iş gücü kaybı ve sağlık harcamaları ile toplumsal ekonomik etkileri mevcuttur. Daha önce baş ağrılı hastalarda MRG bulguları yapılan işlemin gerekliliğin sorgulanması amacıyla retrospektif olarak incelenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar paylaşılmıştır. Ülkemizdeki son durumu gözlemlemek ve baş ağrısı şikayetiyle sağlık kurumuna gelen hastaların MRG bulgularında değişen ve yeni teknolojiye sahip MRG cihazlarının, difüzyon ve duyarlılık ağırlıklı görüntülerle birlikte farklı sonuçlar verip vermediğini araştırdık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya merkezimizde Ocak 2020 – Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında Beyin MRG tetkiki yapılan nörolojik muayenesi normal, operasyon geçirmemiş 18 yaş üzeri olan 224 hasta dahil edilmiştir. MR görüntülerinde sekonder baş ağrısına sebep olabilecek kitle, metastaz, anevrizma, hidrosefali, ensefalit, sinüzit, mastoidit, otit gibi normal dışı tüm görünümler kaydedildi.

Bulgular: 224 hastanın 120’si erkek (%53.57), 104’ü kadındı (%46.43). Ortalama yaş 39.45±12.55 idi 224 incelemenin hiç birisinde malignite şüphesi taşıyan kitle görünümü, anevrizma, ensefalit veya menenjit görülmedi. 3 hastada (%1.34) menenjiom ile uyumlu olabilecek ekstraaksiyal kitle lezyonu, 3 (%1.34) hastada araknoid kist, 2 hastada (%0,89) gelişimsel venöz anomali saptandı. 145 hastada (%64.73) paranazal sinüs enfeksiyonu, 37 hastada (%16.52) mastoidit, 8 hastada (%3.57) otit mevcuttu. Kalan 66 hastanın iskemik - gliotik değişiklikler, genişlemiş perivasküler mesafeler, fizyolojik kalsifikasyonlar dışında MRG bulgusu yoktu.

Sonuç: Nörolojik muayene ve hikayeye bakılmaksızın çekilen BT ve MRG incelemelerine göre dizayn edilen çalışmalarda intrakranial patoloji açısından tamamıyla normal hastaların oranı bizim çalışmamızda da olduğu gibi oldukça yüksektir. Sadece muayene veya daha basit görüntüleme yöntemleriyle tanısı konulabilecek bu hastalar için yapılan MRG incelemeleri zaman ve maddiyat kaybına yol açmaktadır. Bu durumu düzeltmek için öncelikle kırmızı bayrak uygulamasının yaygınlaşması, gereksiz tetkik istemlerinin denetlenmesi gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

YOK

References

  • Ay H, İnanç Y, İnanç Y, Doğantürk T, Kocatürk Ö. Nöroloji Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı Yakınması ile Başvuran Hastalarda Kraniyal Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) Tetkiki İstenmeli midir? Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 2015; 20(2), 092-5.
  • Tsushima Y, Endo K. MR imaging in the evaluation of chronic or recurrent headache. Radiology. 2005; 235:575–9.
  • Nak, H., & Sağbaş, I. Sağlık harcamaları kapsamında tıbbi görüntüleme cihazlarının bölgesel dağılımının analizi. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi-Journal of Public Finance Studies, 2020; 63: 77-92.
  • Eller M, Goadsby PJ. MRI in headache. Expert Rev Neuro-ther. 2013; 13:263–273
  • Hocaoğlu E, Aksoy S, Demirbaş T, Yirik G, İrem Erdil et al. Başağrısı şikayetiyle başvuran hastalarda kraniyal manyetik rezonans incelemelerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi. 2015; Cilt 11, Sayı 1, 24-28.
  • De Luca, G. C., & Bartleson, J. D. When and how to investigate the patient with headache. In Seminars in neurology.2010; Vol. 30, No. 02, 131-144.
  • Holle, D., & Obermann, M. The role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of headache disorders. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 2013; 6(6), 369-374.
  • Doğan, E. H., Şencan, I., Doğan, H., & Özkara, A. Can patients who apply to tertiary care with headache for the first time be managed in primary care?-a cross-sectional study. Turkish journal of medical sciences. 2021; 51(4), 1857-1864.
  • Gökçay, F., Eyigör, C., Bayram, E., Dönmez, İ., & Uyar, M. Epidural blood patch treatment in a patient with chronic headache related to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Ağrı (Algoloji). 2010; 22(4), 170-174.
  • Lamont, A. C., Alias, N. A., & Win, M. N. (2003). Red flags in patients presenting with headache: clinical indications for neuroimaging. The British journal of radiology, 76(908), 532-535.
  • Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013 Jul;33(9):629-808.
  • Clarke, C., Howard, R., Rossor, M., & Shorvon, S. (Eds.). (2016). Neurology: a queen square textbook. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Practice parameter: the utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of headache in patients with normal neurological examinations (summary statement). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 1994; 44:1353–1354.
  • Frishberg BM. The utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of headache in patients with normal neurologic examinations. Neurology 1994; 44:1191–1197.
  • Frishberg BM, Rosenberg JH, Matchar DB, et al. Evidence-based guideline in the primary care setting: neuroimaging in patients with nonacute headache. U.S. Headache Consortium Web site. Available at: www.aan.com. Accessed November, 2003
  • Arslan E & Adıbelli ZH. Başağrısı yakınmasıyla başvuran hastalarda kranial tomografi incelemelerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2019; 23(3), 172-178.
  • Morris, Z., Whiteley, W. N., Longstreth, W. T., Weber, F., Lee, Y. C., Tsushima, Y., ... & Salman, R. A. S. (2009). Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj, 339.
  • Clarke, C. E., Edwards, J., Nicholl, D. J., & Sivaguru, A. (2010). Imaging results in a consecutive series of 530 new patients in the Birmingham Headache Service. Journal of neurology, 257(8), 1274-127.
  • Fitzpatrick, R. M., & Hopkins, A. (1981). Referrals to neurologists for headaches not due to structural disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 44(12), 1061-1067.
  • Yilmaz D, Gökkurt D, Tayfur AÇ. Çocuk Nöroloji Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı Nedeni ile Başvuran Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2016; 10(3), 162-165.
  • Schankin, C. J., Ferrari, U., Reinisch, V. M., Birnbaum, T., Goldbrunner, R., & Straube, A. (2007). Characteristics of brain tumour-associated headache. Cephalalgia, 27(8), 904-911.
  • Sureka, B., Garg, P. K., Saxena, S., Garg, M. K., & Misra, S. (2021). Role of radiology in RT-PCR negative COVID-19 pneumonia: Review and recommendations. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(5), 1814.
  • Rona, G., Arifoğlu, M., Voyvoda, N., & Batırel, A. (2021). Should CT be used for the diagnosis of RT‐PCR‐negative suspected COVID‐19 patients? The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 15(5), 491-498.
  • Algan E. Hazırolan: Çekilen 150 MR veya tomografiden 120’si gereksiz. Deutsche Welle Türkçe. (27.10.2019) Erişim adresi https://www.dw.com/tr/haz%C4%B1rolan-%C3%A7ekilen-150-mr-veya-tomografiden-120si-gereksiz/a-51009098
  • Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL, Vincent, A. J., Hofman, A., Krestin, G et al. Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N. Engl. J. Med. 357(18), 1821–1828 (2007).
  • Weber F, Knopf H. Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men. J. Neurol. Sci. 240(1–2), 81–84 (2006).
  • Evans, R. W. (1996). Diagnostic testing for the evaluation of headaches. Neurologic clinics, 14(1), 1-26.

Is Brain MRI Essential for the Evaluation of Headache in Patients with Normal Neurological Examination?

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 6, 677 - 682, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1148153

Abstract

Aim: Headache is amongst the most common reasons of consulting a doctor. In addition to impairing the quality of life of the individual, there are societal as well as fiscal outcomes like workforce loss along with health expenditures. MRI findings of patients with headache were examined retrospectively through the relevant literature with a view to scrutinizing the necessity of the very procedure carried out, and the results were shared accordingly. Through our study we delved into the recent situation in our country and investigated whether MRI devices with advancing and novel technologies give dissimilar results with diffusion and sensitivity-weighted images in the MRI findings of patients who seek medical advice visiting a health institution with complaint of headache.

Materials and Methods: The study included 224 patients over the age of 18, who underwent brain MRI between January 2020 and December 2021 in our center, with normal findings on neurological examination and who had not undergone surgery. All abnormal appearances such as mass, metastasis, aneurysm, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, sinusitis, mastoiditis, otitis, which may cause secondary headache, were recorded in MR images.

Results: Of the 224 patients, 120 (53.57%) were male and 104 (46.43%) were female. The mean age was 39.45±12.55 years. None of the 224 examinations revealed mass suspicious for malignancy, aneurysm, encephalitis, or meningitis. Extraaxial mass lesion compatible with meningioma was detected in 3 patients (1.33%), arachnoid cyst in 3 patients (1.33%), and developmental venous anomaly in 2 patients (0.89%). There was paranasal sinus infection in 145 patients (64.73%), mastoiditis in 37 patients (16.52%), and otitis in 8 patients (3.57%). The remaining 66 patients had no MRI findings except ischemic-gliotic changes, enlarged perivascular distances, and physiological calcifications.

Conclusion: In studies designed according to CT and MRI examinations taken regardless of neurological examination and history, the rate of completely normal findings is quite high, as in our study. MRI scans conducted for these patients, who can indeed solely be diagnosed with examination or simpler imaging methods, lead to loss of time and money. In order to fix the said situation, we are of the opinion that the red flag practice should become widespread and nonessential examination requests should be supervised.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Ay H, İnanç Y, İnanç Y, Doğantürk T, Kocatürk Ö. Nöroloji Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı Yakınması ile Başvuran Hastalarda Kraniyal Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) Tetkiki İstenmeli midir? Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 2015; 20(2), 092-5.
  • Tsushima Y, Endo K. MR imaging in the evaluation of chronic or recurrent headache. Radiology. 2005; 235:575–9.
  • Nak, H., & Sağbaş, I. Sağlık harcamaları kapsamında tıbbi görüntüleme cihazlarının bölgesel dağılımının analizi. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi-Journal of Public Finance Studies, 2020; 63: 77-92.
  • Eller M, Goadsby PJ. MRI in headache. Expert Rev Neuro-ther. 2013; 13:263–273
  • Hocaoğlu E, Aksoy S, Demirbaş T, Yirik G, İrem Erdil et al. Başağrısı şikayetiyle başvuran hastalarda kraniyal manyetik rezonans incelemelerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi. 2015; Cilt 11, Sayı 1, 24-28.
  • De Luca, G. C., & Bartleson, J. D. When and how to investigate the patient with headache. In Seminars in neurology.2010; Vol. 30, No. 02, 131-144.
  • Holle, D., & Obermann, M. The role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of headache disorders. Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders. 2013; 6(6), 369-374.
  • Doğan, E. H., Şencan, I., Doğan, H., & Özkara, A. Can patients who apply to tertiary care with headache for the first time be managed in primary care?-a cross-sectional study. Turkish journal of medical sciences. 2021; 51(4), 1857-1864.
  • Gökçay, F., Eyigör, C., Bayram, E., Dönmez, İ., & Uyar, M. Epidural blood patch treatment in a patient with chronic headache related to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Ağrı (Algoloji). 2010; 22(4), 170-174.
  • Lamont, A. C., Alias, N. A., & Win, M. N. (2003). Red flags in patients presenting with headache: clinical indications for neuroimaging. The British journal of radiology, 76(908), 532-535.
  • Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013 Jul;33(9):629-808.
  • Clarke, C., Howard, R., Rossor, M., & Shorvon, S. (Eds.). (2016). Neurology: a queen square textbook. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Practice parameter: the utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of headache in patients with normal neurological examinations (summary statement). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 1994; 44:1353–1354.
  • Frishberg BM. The utility of neuroimaging in the evaluation of headache in patients with normal neurologic examinations. Neurology 1994; 44:1191–1197.
  • Frishberg BM, Rosenberg JH, Matchar DB, et al. Evidence-based guideline in the primary care setting: neuroimaging in patients with nonacute headache. U.S. Headache Consortium Web site. Available at: www.aan.com. Accessed November, 2003
  • Arslan E & Adıbelli ZH. Başağrısı yakınmasıyla başvuran hastalarda kranial tomografi incelemelerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. 2019; 23(3), 172-178.
  • Morris, Z., Whiteley, W. N., Longstreth, W. T., Weber, F., Lee, Y. C., Tsushima, Y., ... & Salman, R. A. S. (2009). Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj, 339.
  • Clarke, C. E., Edwards, J., Nicholl, D. J., & Sivaguru, A. (2010). Imaging results in a consecutive series of 530 new patients in the Birmingham Headache Service. Journal of neurology, 257(8), 1274-127.
  • Fitzpatrick, R. M., & Hopkins, A. (1981). Referrals to neurologists for headaches not due to structural disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 44(12), 1061-1067.
  • Yilmaz D, Gökkurt D, Tayfur AÇ. Çocuk Nöroloji Polikliniğine Baş Ağrısı Nedeni ile Başvuran Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2016; 10(3), 162-165.
  • Schankin, C. J., Ferrari, U., Reinisch, V. M., Birnbaum, T., Goldbrunner, R., & Straube, A. (2007). Characteristics of brain tumour-associated headache. Cephalalgia, 27(8), 904-911.
  • Sureka, B., Garg, P. K., Saxena, S., Garg, M. K., & Misra, S. (2021). Role of radiology in RT-PCR negative COVID-19 pneumonia: Review and recommendations. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(5), 1814.
  • Rona, G., Arifoğlu, M., Voyvoda, N., & Batırel, A. (2021). Should CT be used for the diagnosis of RT‐PCR‐negative suspected COVID‐19 patients? The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 15(5), 491-498.
  • Algan E. Hazırolan: Çekilen 150 MR veya tomografiden 120’si gereksiz. Deutsche Welle Türkçe. (27.10.2019) Erişim adresi https://www.dw.com/tr/haz%C4%B1rolan-%C3%A7ekilen-150-mr-veya-tomografiden-120si-gereksiz/a-51009098
  • Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL, Vincent, A. J., Hofman, A., Krestin, G et al. Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population. N. Engl. J. Med. 357(18), 1821–1828 (2007).
  • Weber F, Knopf H. Incidental findings in magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of healthy young men. J. Neurol. Sci. 240(1–2), 81–84 (2006).
  • Evans, R. W. (1996). Diagnostic testing for the evaluation of headaches. Neurologic clinics, 14(1), 1-26.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Fatih Çankal 0000-0003-1066-353X

Dilara Patat 0000-0001-5237-4846

Project Number YOK
Early Pub Date December 31, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date July 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 32 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Çankal F, Patat D. Is Brain MRI Essential for the Evaluation of Headache in Patients with Normal Neurological Examination?. Genel Tıp Derg. 2022;32(6):677-82.

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