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Determination of Pain Severity and Affected Life Activities of Individuals with Chronic Pain during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 5, 527 - 531, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1301674

Abstract

Background/Aims:: The pandemic period can have negative effects on chronic pain. It is possible that these effects may affect life activities together with pain. The study was conducted to determine the change in pain intensity of individuals with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic and the affected activities of daily living. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 204 individuals with chronic pain. Data were collected with an Introductory Information Form, a questionnaire about life activities, and a Numerical Rating Scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson χ2 and Mann-Whitney-U test. Results: During the pandemic period, it was found that all patients with and without COVID-19 increased the severity of pain. Considering the change in life activities, patients who had COVID 19 during the pandemic period compared to those who did not; It was determined that they had problems in the parenting role, fulfilling their religious beliefs, gaining weight, hygiene activities, dressing-undressing, continuing to work and sexual desires/desires. It was determined that the pandemic period negatively affected the pain intensity of the patients. In addition, it was determined that having COVID 19 damaged many life activities of patients. Conclusions: Considering that the duration of the pandemic is three years, it is thought that this process and being COVID 19 may have long-term effects on the pain levels and life activities of the patients.

References

  • Gaskin DJ, Richard P. The economic costs of pain in the United States. The Journal of Pain. 2012;13(8):715-24.
  • Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology. 2011;25(2):173-83.
  • Crettaz B, Marziniak M, Willeke P, Young P, Hellhammer D, Stumpf A, et al. Stress-induced allodynia–evidence of increased pain sensitivity in healthy humans and patients with chronic pain after experimentally induced psychosocial stress. PloS one. 2013;8(8):e69460.
  • Clauw DJ, Häuser W, Cohen SP, Fitzcharles M-A. Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic. Pain. 2020;161(8):1694.
  • Silva MJ, Kelly Z. The escalation of the opioid epidemic due to COVID-19 and resulting lessons about treatment alternatives. Am J Manag Care. 2020;26(7):e202-e4.
  • Eccleston C, Blyth FM, Dear BF, Fisher EA, Keefe FJ, Lynch ME, et al. Managing patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 outbreak: considerations for the rapid introduction of remotely supported (eHealth) pain management services. Pain. 2020;161(5):889.
  • Tuna HI, Alparslan GB, Yilmaz S. Pain and Affected Symptoms of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis During COVID-19 Period. Pain Management Nursing. 2022;23(1):43-7.
  • Gündüz N, Ahmet Ü, Atar EA. The impact of perceived social support on anxiety, depression and severity of pain and burnout among Turkish females with fibromyalgia. Archives of rheumatology. 2019;34(2):186.
  • Fallon N, Brown C, Twiddy H, Brian E, Frank B, Nurmikko T, et al. Adverse effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on pain, physical activity and psychological well-being in people with chronic pain. British Journal of Pain. 2021;15(3):357-68.
  • Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Setti A, Fasolo M. Parenting stress during the COVID‐19 outbreak: Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors and implications for children emotion regulation. Family process. 2021;60(2):639-53.
  • Griffin RS, Antoniak M, Mac PD, Kramskiy V, Waldman S, Mimno D. Imagined examples of painful experiences provided by chronic low back pain patients and attributed a pain numerical rating score. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2020;13:1331.
  • Naylor JC, Kilts JD, Shampine LJ, Parke GJ, Wagner HR, Szabo ST, et al. Effect of pregnenolone vs placebo on self-reported chronic low back pain among US military veterans: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open. 2020;3(3):e200287-e.
  • Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I, Smardz J, Uziel N, Wieckiewicz G, Gilon E, et al. Temporomandibular disorders and bruxism outbreak as a possible factor of orofacial pain worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic—concomitant research in two countries. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(10):3250.
  • Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Gil-Llario MD. “INSIDE” project on sexual health in Spain: sexual life during the lockdown caused by COVID-19. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. 2021;18(4):1023-41.
  • Boland B, De Smet A, Palter R, Sanghvi A. Reimagining the office and work life after COVID-19. 2020.
  • Theodorou A, Panno A, Carrus G, Carbone GA, Massullo C, Imperatori C. Stay home, stay safe, stay green: The role of gardening activities on mental health during the Covid-19 home confinement. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021;61:127091.
  • Horesh D, Brown AD. Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12(4):331.

COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde Kronik Ağrısı Olan Bireylerin Ağrı Şiddetinin ve Etkilenen Yaşam Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 5, 527 - 531, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1301674

Abstract

Amaç: Pandemi döneminin kronik ağrılar üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olabiliyor. Bu etkilerin ağrı ile birlikte yaşam aktivitelerini etkilemesi olasıdır. Çalışma, kronik ağrısı olan bireylerin COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında ağrı şiddetindeki değişimi ve etkilenen günlük yaşam aktivitelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Metot: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, kronik ağrısı olan 204 birey ile yapılmıştır. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, yaşam aktiviteleri ile ilgili soru formu ve Sayısal Derecelendirme Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson χ2 ve Mann-Whitney-U testi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Pandemi döneminde COVID-19 olan ve olmayan tüm hastalarda ağrı şiddetinin arttığı tespit edildi. Yaşam aktivitelerindeki değişime bakıldığında, pandemi döneminde COVID 19 geçiren hastaların olmayanlara göre; Ebeveynlik rolünde, dini inançlarını yerine getirmede, kilo almada, hijyen faaliyetlerinde, giyinme-soyunmada, işe devam etmede ve cinsel istek/isteklerde sorun yaşadıkları belirlendi. Pandemi döneminin hastaların ağrı şiddetini olumsuz etkilediği belirlendi. Ayrıca COVID 19' a sahip olmanın hastaların birçok yaşam aktivitesine zarar verdiği belirlendi. Sonuç: Pandemi süresinin üç yıl olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu sürecin ve COVID 19 olmanın hastaların ağrı düzeyleri ve yaşam aktiviteleri üzerinde uzun vadeli etkileri olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Gaskin DJ, Richard P. The economic costs of pain in the United States. The Journal of Pain. 2012;13(8):715-24.
  • Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology. 2011;25(2):173-83.
  • Crettaz B, Marziniak M, Willeke P, Young P, Hellhammer D, Stumpf A, et al. Stress-induced allodynia–evidence of increased pain sensitivity in healthy humans and patients with chronic pain after experimentally induced psychosocial stress. PloS one. 2013;8(8):e69460.
  • Clauw DJ, Häuser W, Cohen SP, Fitzcharles M-A. Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic. Pain. 2020;161(8):1694.
  • Silva MJ, Kelly Z. The escalation of the opioid epidemic due to COVID-19 and resulting lessons about treatment alternatives. Am J Manag Care. 2020;26(7):e202-e4.
  • Eccleston C, Blyth FM, Dear BF, Fisher EA, Keefe FJ, Lynch ME, et al. Managing patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 outbreak: considerations for the rapid introduction of remotely supported (eHealth) pain management services. Pain. 2020;161(5):889.
  • Tuna HI, Alparslan GB, Yilmaz S. Pain and Affected Symptoms of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis During COVID-19 Period. Pain Management Nursing. 2022;23(1):43-7.
  • Gündüz N, Ahmet Ü, Atar EA. The impact of perceived social support on anxiety, depression and severity of pain and burnout among Turkish females with fibromyalgia. Archives of rheumatology. 2019;34(2):186.
  • Fallon N, Brown C, Twiddy H, Brian E, Frank B, Nurmikko T, et al. Adverse effects of COVID-19-related lockdown on pain, physical activity and psychological well-being in people with chronic pain. British Journal of Pain. 2021;15(3):357-68.
  • Spinelli M, Lionetti F, Setti A, Fasolo M. Parenting stress during the COVID‐19 outbreak: Socioeconomic and environmental risk factors and implications for children emotion regulation. Family process. 2021;60(2):639-53.
  • Griffin RS, Antoniak M, Mac PD, Kramskiy V, Waldman S, Mimno D. Imagined examples of painful experiences provided by chronic low back pain patients and attributed a pain numerical rating score. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2020;13:1331.
  • Naylor JC, Kilts JD, Shampine LJ, Parke GJ, Wagner HR, Szabo ST, et al. Effect of pregnenolone vs placebo on self-reported chronic low back pain among US military veterans: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open. 2020;3(3):e200287-e.
  • Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I, Smardz J, Uziel N, Wieckiewicz G, Gilon E, et al. Temporomandibular disorders and bruxism outbreak as a possible factor of orofacial pain worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic—concomitant research in two countries. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(10):3250.
  • Ballester-Arnal R, Nebot-Garcia JE, Ruiz-Palomino E, Giménez-García C, Gil-Llario MD. “INSIDE” project on sexual health in Spain: sexual life during the lockdown caused by COVID-19. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. 2021;18(4):1023-41.
  • Boland B, De Smet A, Palter R, Sanghvi A. Reimagining the office and work life after COVID-19. 2020.
  • Theodorou A, Panno A, Carrus G, Carbone GA, Massullo C, Imperatori C. Stay home, stay safe, stay green: The role of gardening activities on mental health during the Covid-19 home confinement. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021;61:127091.
  • Horesh D, Brown AD. Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12(4):331.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Pınar Tunç Tuna 0000-0001-8559-8774

İnci Kara 0000-0001-6546-4277

Yasin Karabacak 0000-0002-1574-8009

Early Pub Date October 23, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Submission Date May 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 33 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Tunç Tuna P, Kara İ, Karabacak Y. Determination of Pain Severity and Affected Life Activities of Individuals with Chronic Pain during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Genel Tıp Derg. 2023;33(5):527-31.

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