Anatomical Study of the Supratrochlear Foramen on the Distal Humerus

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 6, 643 - 648, 31.12.2023

Mehmet Ülkir , Levend Karaçoban , Burcu Erçakmak Güneş

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1176450

Abstract

Aim: Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is the variation of the distal part of the humerus. The aim of this study is to reveal the frequency, morphology and morphometry of the STF in Turkish population and compare with previous studies.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed with 116 dry humeri (61 right, 55 left). The translucent and opaque bony lamina between the coronoid fossa and the olecranon fossa and STF on the humerus were noted. STF was classified as oval, round, irregular, triangular, rectangular, sieve like, reniform, hourglass shaped. The frequency and morphometry of the STF were also evaluated.
Results: The translucent type 88 (75.9%) bony lamina was found mostly between the coronoid and olecranon fossa. STF was detected on 19 (16.4%) humeri, 13 of them were on the left humeri and 6 of them were on the right humeri. The shape of the 16 of 19 STF were oval shaped. The mean values of the transverse and vertical diameter of STF, distance between the most medial points of the STF and medial epicondyle, the most lateral points of the STF and lateral epicondyle, distance between the most distal point of the STF and the lower edge of the trochlea humeri were found as 4.41±2.34 mm, 3.1±0.85 mm, 26.65±3.82 mm, 27.94±3.34 mm, 14.62±1.9 mm respectively.
Conclusion: There are few studies on STF in Turkish population and we believe that this clinically important variation will contribute to anatomists, especially radiologists and orthopedists, in terms of awareness and knowing the frequency, morphology and morphometry of STF.

Keywords

humerus, supratrochlear foramen, anatomy, variation

Distal Humerus’ta Bulunan Supratrochlear Foramen ile İlgili Anatomik Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Supratrochlear foramen (STF), humerusun distal bölümü ile ilişkili bir varyasyonudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye toplumunda STF'nin sıklığını, morfolojisini ve morfometrisini ortaya koymak ve önceki çalışmalarla karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 116 kuru humerus (61 sağ, 55 sol) ile yapıldı. Fossa coronoidea fossa olecrani arasındaki yarı saydam ve opak kemik lamina ve STF bulunan humerus’lar not edildi. STF; oval, yuvarlak, düzensiz, üçgen, dikdörtgen, elek benzeri, böbrek şekilli, kum saati şeklinde sınıflandırıldı. STF'nin bulunma sıklığı ve morfometrisi değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Fossa coronoidea fossa olecrani arasındaki kemik lamina en çok yarı saydam tip olarak bulundu 88 (%75,9). STF 19 (%16,4) humerus’ta tespit edildi ve bunların 13'ü sol humerusta, 6'sı sağ humerusta idi. Ondokuz STF'nin 16'sı oval şekilli idi. STF'nin transvers ve vertikal uzunluğu, STF'nin en medial noktası ile epicondylus medialis’in en medial noktası arasındaki mesafe, STF'nin en lateral noktası ile epicondylus lateralis’in en lateral noktası arasındaki mesafe ve STF'nin en distal noktası ile trochlea humeri’nin alt kenarı arasındaki mesafe ortalama olarak sırasıyla 4,41±2,34 mm, 3,1±0,85 mm, 26,65±3,82 mm, 27,94±3,34 mm, 14,62±1,9 mm olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Türkiye toplumunda STF ile ilgili az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır ve klinik açıdan önemli olan bu varyasyonun anatomistlere, özellikle radyologlara ve ortopedistlere STF'nin farkındalığı, sıklığı, morfolojisi ve morfometrisinin bilinmesi açısından katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

humerus, supratrochlear foramen, anatomi, varyasyon

References

• 1. Standring S. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015;804-807.
• 2. Bhanu PS, Sankar KD. Anatomical note of supratrochlear foramen of humerus in south costal population of Andhra Pradesh. Narayana med j 2012;1:28-34.
• 3. Akabori E. Septal apertures in the humerus in Japanese, Ainu and Koreans. Am J Phys Anthropol 1934;18:395-400.
• 4. Hrdlička A. The humerus: septal apertures. Anthropologie (1923-1941) 193231-96.
• 5. Erdogmus S, Guler M, Eroglu S, Duran N. The importance of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in humans: an anatomical study. Med Sci Monit 2014;20:2643-50.
• 6. Mathew AJ, Gopidas GS, Sukumaran TT. A study of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus: anatomical and clinical perspective. JCDR 2016;10:AC05-AC8.
• 7. Nayak G, Mohanty BB, Sahoo N, et al. Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus-A Morphometric Study with Surgical and Radiological Relevance. JKIMSU 2018;7:38-44.
• 8. Benfer RA, Tappen NC. The occurrence of the septal perforation of the humerus in three non‐human primate species. Am J Phys Anthropol 1968;29:19-28.
• 9. Haziroglu RM, Ozer M. A supratrochlear foramen in the humerus of cattle. Anat Histol Embryol 1990;19:106-8.
• 10. Ravindra V, Arathala R, Seth S. THE SUPRATROCHLEAR FORAMEN OF THE HUMERUS: FORMATION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS. Int J Sci Res 2018;7:763-5.
• 11. Chaudhary RK, Dhakal A, Sah SK, et al. Morphometric evaluation of dry humerus bone in a Medical College Of Eastern Nepal. BJHS 2019;4:729-33.
• 12. Akman ŞD, KARAKAŞ P, Bozkir MG. The morphometric measurements of humerus segments. Turk J Med Sci 2006;36:81-5.
• 13. Jadhav SD, Zambare BR. Supratrochlear foramen and its clinical significance. Asian j biomed pharm 2015;5:13-5.
• 14. Bokhari ZH, Hayat NQ, Ahmad QA, et al. The Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus: A Human Anatomic Study. Pakistan J Medical Health Sci 2018;12:980-2.
• 15. Agrawal D, Sujatha G, Rani VS, Chinara PK. A Study of Supratrochlear Foramen and Their Clinical Significance in a Teaching Hospital of Deccan Plateau. Indian J Anat 2018;7:154-8.
• 16. Dang B, Malik VS, Parmar P. Supratrochlear foramen: incidence, importance and clinical implications in North-Indian Population. Int J Intg Med Sci 2016;3:265-69.
• 17. Hirsh IS. The supratrochlear foramen: clinical and anthropological considerations. Am J Surg 1927;2:500-5.
• 18. Papaloucas C, Papaloucas M, Stergioulas A. Rare cases of humerus septal apertures in Greeks. Trends Med Res 2011;6:178-83.
• 19. Bahşi İ. An Anatomic Study of the Supratrochlear Foramen of the Humerus and Review of the Literature. Eur J Ther 2019;25:295-303.
• 20. Silva F, Silva T, Souza P, et al. Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Supratrochlear Foramen. J Morphol Sci 2018;35:54-7.
• 21. Mahajan A. SUPRATROCHLEAR FORAMEN. TPMJ 2011;18:128-32.
• 22. Jayakumar VR, Vimala V. Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus and its Clinical Significance-A Morphological Study in South Indian Population. AIMDR 2019;5:1-4.
• 23. Chagas CA, Gutfiten-Schlesinger G, Leite TF, Pires LA, Silva JG. Anatomical and radiological aspects of the supratrochlear foramen in Brazilians. JCDR 2016;10:AC10-AC3.
• 24. Li J, Mao Q, Li W, Li X. An anatomical study of the supratrochlear foramen of the Jining population. Turk J Med Sci 2015;45:1369-73.
• 25. Shivaleela C, Afroze KH, Lakshmiprabha S. An osteological study of supratrochlear foramen of humerus of south Indian population with reference to anatomical and clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol 2016;49:249-53.
• 26. Patel SV, Sutaria LK, Nayak TV, et al. Morphometric study of supratrochlear foramen of humerus. Int j biomed 2013;4:89-92.
• 27. Arunkumar K, Manoranjitham R, Raviraj K, Dhanalakshmi V. Morphological study of supratrochlear foramen of humerus and its clinical implications. Int J Anat Res 2015;3:1321-25.
• 28. Singhal S, Rao V. Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus. Anat Sci Int 2007;82:105-7.
• 29. Nayak SR, Das S, Krishnamurthy A, Prabhu LV, Potu BK. Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus: An anatomico-radiological study with clinical implications. Ups J Med Sci 2009;114:90-4.
• 30. Hamzehtofigh M, Rahimifar R, Bayat P. Investigating the supratrochlear foramen and septum in adult humerus bones: brief report. TUMJ 2020;78:105-9.
• 31. Kaur J. Zorasingh. Supratrochlear foramen of humerus-A morphometric study. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res 2013;2:651-4.
• 32. Mays S. Septal aperture of the humerus in a mediaeval human skeletal population. Am J Phys Anthropol 2008;136:432-40.
• 33. Benfer RA, McKern TW. The correlation of bone robusticity with the perforation of the coronoid‐olecranon septum in the humerus of man. Am J Phys Anthropol 1966;24:247-52.
• 34. Brauer CA, Lee BM, Bae DS, Waters PM, Kocher MS. A systematic review of medial and lateral entry pinning versus lateral entry pinning for supracondylar fractures of the humerus. J Pediatr Orthop 2007;27:181-6.
• 35. Diwan RK, Rani A, Rani A, et al. Incidence of supratrochlear foramen of humerus in North Indian population. Biomed Res-India 2013;24:142-5.
• 36. De Wilde V, De Maeseneer M, Lenchik L, et al. Normal osseous variants presenting as cystic or lucent areas on radiography and CT imaging: a pictorial overview. Eur J Radiol 2004;51:77-84.
• 37. Tyllianakis M, Tsoumpos P, Anagnostou K, Konstantopoulou A, Panagopoulos A. Intramedullary nailing of humeral diaphyseal fractures. Is distal locking really necessary? Int J Shoulder Surg 2013;7:65-9.
• 38. Koyun N, Aydinlioğlu A, Gümrukcüoğlu FN. Aperture in coronoid-olecranon septum: A radiological evaluation. Indian J Orthop 2011;45:392-5.
• 39. Mayuri J, Aparna T, Pradeep P, Smita M. Anatomical study of Supratrochlear foramen of Humerus. J Res Med Den Sci 2013;1:33-5.
• 40. Adibatti M, Asha K. A STUDY ON OLECRANO-CORONOID SEPTAL APERTURE (SUPRATROCHLEAR FORAMEN (STF) OF HUMERUS). Indian J Clin Anat Physiol 2015;2:37-41.
• 41. Krishnamurthy A, Yelicharla AR, Takkalapalli A, et al. Supratrochlear foramen of humerus–a morphometric study. Int J Biol Med Res 2011;2:829-31.
• 42. Cibikkarthik T, Babu KY, Mohanraj KG. Morphometric analysis of supratrochlear foramen and its clinical implications in dry humerus bone. Drug Invent Today 2018;10:1950-2.