Theoretical Article
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Possible Effects of Antimony on Human Health with the Environment and Necessary Precautions

Year 2024, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 18.07.2024

Mustafa Gurhan Yalcın , Özge Özer Atakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.70054/geosound.1440840

Abstract

Genel olarak gümüş beyazı renginde bir metal olan antimon, farklı bileşimlere sahiptir. Antimonun bu kimyasal bileşimlerine bağlı olarak, farklı endüstrilerde kullanımı bulunmaktadır. Antimon cevherinin çıkarılmasından endüstride kullanılmasına kadar her bir aşamada, toz, toprak, yiyecek, su, bitkisel ilaç ve kontrolsüz diyet takviyeleri gibi antimon içerikli dış faktörlerden insanların antimon ile dolaylı veya direk teması söz konudur. İnsanların bu metale maruziyetine bağlı olarak göz, cilt, solunum sistemi, sinir sistemi, pnömokonyoz ile kardiyovasküler ve gastrointestinal sistemlerinde bazı sağlık sorunları şeklinde toksik etki gösterebilir. Antimon pentaklorür (SbCl5) en toksik olanıdır. Antimon maruziyetine maruz kalmış kişilerde antimon toksisitesinin belirlenmesinde idrar tahlilleri yapılmalı ve bu kişilere sanitasyon uygulanmalıdır. Özellikle çalışan bireylerin sağlığının korunması için idrar antimon ortalamasının 0.09 μg/L üstüne çıkmamasına dikkat edilmelidir. NIOSH REL, Mevcut OSHA PEL, 1989 OSHA PEL, 1989 OSHA PEL ve 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV verilerine göre antimonun “Hayata veya Sağlığa Doğrudan Tehlikeli Konsantrasyonlar” (IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) 0.5 mg Sb/m3 TWA olarak belirlenmiştir. Antimon varlığı tespit edilen alanlarda klinik toksikoloji, farmasötik ajanlar, işyeri ve yaşadığımız ortamdaki anomali durumları birlikte değerlendirilerek indeks hesaplamaları ile risk analizleri yapılmalı, varsa insidans kontrol altına alınmalı ve uygun acil eylem planı yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

Antimon antimon sınır değerleri antimon toksisitesi antimon maruziyeti

References

  • AIHA (1959). Antimony and its compounds (excepting stibine). In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q 20:515-516.
  • Álvarez-Ayuso, E., Otones, V., Murciego, A., García-Sánchez, A., & Santa Regina, I. (2012). Antimony, arsenic and lead distribution in soils and plants of an agricultural area impacted by former mining activities. Science of the Total Environment, 439, 35-43.
  • Anderson, C. G. (2012). The metallurgy of antimony. Geochemistry, 72, 3-8.
  • Asakura, K; Satoh, H; Chiba, M; Okamoto, M; Serizawa, K; Nakano, M; Omae, K. (2009). Genotoxicity studies of heavy metals: Lead, Bismuth, Indium, Silver and Antimony. J. Occup. Health, 51, 498–512.
  • Baldwin, D. R., & Marshall, W. J. (1999). Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 36(3), 267-300.
  • Cele, E. N., & Maboeta, M. (2016). Response of soil enzyme activities to synergistic effects of biosolids and plants in iron ore mine soils. International journal of environmental science and technology, 13(9), 2117-2126.
  • Cooper, R. G., & Harrison, A. P. (2009). The exposure to and health effects of antimony. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 13(1), 3.
  • Çolak, A. H., & Aksoy, H. (1997). Rhododendron pontificum L.(Mor Çiçekli Ormangülü)’nun Silvikültür Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar (Doctoral dissertation, PhD dissertation, İstanbul, Turkey. Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul University).
  • Dartan, G., & Toröz, İ. (2013). Güney Marmara Bölgesinde Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 24-40.
  • Frustaci, A., Magnavita, N., Chimenti, C., Caldarulo, M., Sabbioni, E., Pietra, R., ... & Maseri, A. (1999). Marked elevation of myocardial trace elements in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy compared with secondary cardiac dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 33(6), 1578-1583.
  • Fu, Z., Wu, F., Amarasiriwardena, D., Mo, C., Liu, B., Zhu, J., ... & Liao, H. (2010). Antimony, arsenic and mercury in the aquatic environment and fish in a large antimony mining area in Hunan, China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(16), 3403-3410.
  • Gebel T, Claussen K, Dunkelberg H. (1998). Human biomonitoring of antimony. Int Arch Occup Environ Health;71(3):221-224
  • Gebel, T. (1997). Arsenic and antimony: comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology. Chemico-biological interactions, 107(3), 131-144.
  • Göncüoğlu, M. C. (1986). Geochronological data from the southern part (Niğde area) of the Central Anatolian Massif. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) Bulletin, 105(106), 111-124.
  • Guo, L., Zhao, W., Gu, X., Zhao, X., Chen, J., & Cheng, S. (2017). Risk assessment and source identification of 17 metals and metalloids on soils from the half-century old tungsten mining areas in Lianhuashan, Southern China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1475.
  • Guo, X., Wu, Z., & He, M. (2009). Removal of antimony (V) and antimony (III) from drinking water by coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation (CFS). Water research, 43(17), 4327-4335.
  • Güven, A., Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Timur, S., & Metalurji, İ. T. Ü. (2004). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-III. Metalurji Dergisi, 138, 64-71.
  • Hasany, S. M., & Chaudhary, M. H. (1996). Sorption potential of Haro river sand for the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 47(4), 467-471.
  • He, M., Wang, X., Wu, F., & Fu, Z. (2012). Antimony pollution in China. Science of the total environment, 421, 41-50.
  • He, X., Min, X., Peng, T., Ke, Y., Zhao, F., Sillanpää, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Enhanced adsorption of antimonate by ball-milled microscale zero valent iron/pyrite composite: adsorption properties and mechanism insight. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12.
  • Heltai, G., Győri, Z., Fekete, I., Halász, G., Kovács, K., Takács, A., ... & Horváth, M. (2018). Longterm study of transformation of potentially toxic element pollution in soil/water/sediment system by means of fractionation with sequential extraction procedures. Microchemical journal, 136, 85-93.
  • Howd, R. A., Brown, J. P., Morry, D. W., Wang, Y. Y., Bankowska, J., Budroe, J. D., ... & Lewis, D. (2000). Development of California public health goals (PHGs) for chemicals in drinking water. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 20(5), 365-380.
  • Kara, E. E., & Ertan, Kara. (2018). Toprakta Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri ve Çözüm Önerileri. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 11(1), 56-62.
  • Kentner, M., Leinemann, M., Schaller, K. H., Weltle, D., & Lehnert, G. (1995). External and internal antimony exposure in starter battery production. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 67, 119-123.vd
  • Keskin, L. (2009). Bazı patlıcan genotiplerinde fide gelişimi ve besin elementi içeriklerine arbuscular mikoriza fungus uygulamalarının etkileri (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Khalid, N., Ahmad, S., Toheed, A., & Ahmed, J. (2000). Potential of rice husks for antimony removal. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 52(1), 31-38.
  • Leng, Y., Guo, W., Su, S., Yi, C., & Xing, L. (2012). Removal of antimony (III) from aqueous solution by graphene as an adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal, 211, 406-411.
  • Liu, B. J., Wu, F. C., Deng, Q. J., Mo, C. L., Zhu, J., Zeng, L., ... & Li, W. (2009). Pollution characteristics of antimony, arsenic and mercury in human hair at Xikuangshan antimony mining area and Guiyang City, China. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 30(3), 907-912.
  • Liu, H., Ying, Q., Li, C., Norra, S., & Lichtfouse, E. (2020). Enhanced Removal of Antimony in Dyeing Wastewater by Mixing Fe3O4 with Manganese Sand Filter Material. Water Environment Research.
  • Luo, J., Hu, C., Meng, X., Crittenden, J., Qu, J., & Peng, P. (2017). Antimony removal from aqueous solution using novel α-MnO2 nanofibers: equilibrium, kinetic, and density functional theory studies. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(3), 2255-2264.
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Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler

Year 2024, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 1 - 20, 18.07.2024

Mustafa Gurhan Yalcın , Özge Özer Atakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.70054/geosound.1440840

Abstract

Genel olarak gümüş beyazı renginde bir metal olan antimon, farklı bileşimlere sahiptir. Antimonun bu kimyasal bileşimlerine bağlı olarak, farklı endüstrilerde kullanımı bulunmaktadır. Antimon cevherinin çıkarılmasından endüstride kullanılmasına kadar her bir aşamada, toz, toprak, yiyecek, su, bitkisel ilaç ve kontrolsüz diyet takviyeleri gibi antimon içerikli dış faktörlerden insanların antimon ile dolaylı veya direk teması söz konudur. İnsanların bu metale maruziyetine bağlı olarak göz, cilt, solunum sistemi, sinir sistemi, pnömokonyoz ile kardiyovasküler ve gastrointestinal sistemlerinde bazı sağlık sorunları şeklinde toksik etki gösterebilir. Antimon pentaklorür (SbCl5) en toksik olanıdır. Antimon maruziyetine maruz kalmış kişilerde antimon toksisitesinin belirlenmesinde idrar tahlilleri yapılmalı ve bu kişilere sanitasyon uygulanmalıdır. Özellikle çalışan bireylerin sağlığının korunması için idrar antimon ortalamasının 0.09 μg/L üstüne çıkmamasına dikkat edilmelidir. NIOSH REL, Mevcut OSHA PEL, 1989 OSHA PEL, 1989 OSHA PEL ve 1993-1994 ACGIH TLV verilerine göre antimonun “Hayata veya Sağlığa Doğrudan Tehlikeli Konsantrasyonlar” (IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) 0.5 mg Sb/m3 TWA olarak belirlenmiştir. Antimon varlığı tespit edilen alanlarda klinik toksikoloji, farmasötik ajanlar, işyeri ve yaşadığımız ortamdaki anomali durumları birlikte değerlendirilerek indeks hesaplamaları ile risk analizleri yapılmalı, varsa insidans kontrol altına alınmalı ve uygun acil eylem planı yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

Antimon antimon sınır değerleri antimon toksisitesi antimon maruziyeti

References

  • AIHA (1959). Antimony and its compounds (excepting stibine). In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc Q 20:515-516.
  • Álvarez-Ayuso, E., Otones, V., Murciego, A., García-Sánchez, A., & Santa Regina, I. (2012). Antimony, arsenic and lead distribution in soils and plants of an agricultural area impacted by former mining activities. Science of the Total Environment, 439, 35-43.
  • Anderson, C. G. (2012). The metallurgy of antimony. Geochemistry, 72, 3-8.
  • Asakura, K; Satoh, H; Chiba, M; Okamoto, M; Serizawa, K; Nakano, M; Omae, K. (2009). Genotoxicity studies of heavy metals: Lead, Bismuth, Indium, Silver and Antimony. J. Occup. Health, 51, 498–512.
  • Baldwin, D. R., & Marshall, W. J. (1999). Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation. Annals of clinical biochemistry, 36(3), 267-300.
  • Cele, E. N., & Maboeta, M. (2016). Response of soil enzyme activities to synergistic effects of biosolids and plants in iron ore mine soils. International journal of environmental science and technology, 13(9), 2117-2126.
  • Cooper, R. G., & Harrison, A. P. (2009). The exposure to and health effects of antimony. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 13(1), 3.
  • Çolak, A. H., & Aksoy, H. (1997). Rhododendron pontificum L.(Mor Çiçekli Ormangülü)’nun Silvikültür Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar (Doctoral dissertation, PhD dissertation, İstanbul, Turkey. Institute of Science and Technology, İstanbul University).
  • Dartan, G., & Toröz, İ. (2013). Güney Marmara Bölgesinde Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Araştırılması. Marmara Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1), 24-40.
  • Frustaci, A., Magnavita, N., Chimenti, C., Caldarulo, M., Sabbioni, E., Pietra, R., ... & Maseri, A. (1999). Marked elevation of myocardial trace elements in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy compared with secondary cardiac dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 33(6), 1578-1583.
  • Fu, Z., Wu, F., Amarasiriwardena, D., Mo, C., Liu, B., Zhu, J., ... & Liao, H. (2010). Antimony, arsenic and mercury in the aquatic environment and fish in a large antimony mining area in Hunan, China. Science of the Total Environment, 408(16), 3403-3410.
  • Gebel T, Claussen K, Dunkelberg H. (1998). Human biomonitoring of antimony. Int Arch Occup Environ Health;71(3):221-224
  • Gebel, T. (1997). Arsenic and antimony: comparative approach on mechanistic toxicology. Chemico-biological interactions, 107(3), 131-144.
  • Göncüoğlu, M. C. (1986). Geochronological data from the southern part (Niğde area) of the Central Anatolian Massif. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) Bulletin, 105(106), 111-124.
  • Guo, L., Zhao, W., Gu, X., Zhao, X., Chen, J., & Cheng, S. (2017). Risk assessment and source identification of 17 metals and metalloids on soils from the half-century old tungsten mining areas in Lianhuashan, Southern China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1475.
  • Guo, X., Wu, Z., & He, M. (2009). Removal of antimony (V) and antimony (III) from drinking water by coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation (CFS). Water research, 43(17), 4327-4335.
  • Güven, A., Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Timur, S., & Metalurji, İ. T. Ü. (2004). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-III. Metalurji Dergisi, 138, 64-71.
  • Hasany, S. M., & Chaudhary, M. H. (1996). Sorption potential of Haro river sand for the removal of antimony from acidic aqueous solution. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 47(4), 467-471.
  • He, M., Wang, X., Wu, F., & Fu, Z. (2012). Antimony pollution in China. Science of the total environment, 421, 41-50.
  • He, X., Min, X., Peng, T., Ke, Y., Zhao, F., Sillanpää, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Enhanced adsorption of antimonate by ball-milled microscale zero valent iron/pyrite composite: adsorption properties and mechanism insight. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-12.
  • Heltai, G., Győri, Z., Fekete, I., Halász, G., Kovács, K., Takács, A., ... & Horváth, M. (2018). Longterm study of transformation of potentially toxic element pollution in soil/water/sediment system by means of fractionation with sequential extraction procedures. Microchemical journal, 136, 85-93.
  • Howd, R. A., Brown, J. P., Morry, D. W., Wang, Y. Y., Bankowska, J., Budroe, J. D., ... & Lewis, D. (2000). Development of California public health goals (PHGs) for chemicals in drinking water. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 20(5), 365-380.
  • Kara, E. E., & Ertan, Kara. (2018). Toprakta Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri ve Çözüm Önerileri. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 11(1), 56-62.
  • Kentner, M., Leinemann, M., Schaller, K. H., Weltle, D., & Lehnert, G. (1995). External and internal antimony exposure in starter battery production. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 67, 119-123.vd
  • Keskin, L. (2009). Bazı patlıcan genotiplerinde fide gelişimi ve besin elementi içeriklerine arbuscular mikoriza fungus uygulamalarının etkileri (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Khalid, N., Ahmad, S., Toheed, A., & Ahmed, J. (2000). Potential of rice husks for antimony removal. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 52(1), 31-38.
  • Leng, Y., Guo, W., Su, S., Yi, C., & Xing, L. (2012). Removal of antimony (III) from aqueous solution by graphene as an adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal, 211, 406-411.
  • Liu, B. J., Wu, F. C., Deng, Q. J., Mo, C. L., Zhu, J., Zeng, L., ... & Li, W. (2009). Pollution characteristics of antimony, arsenic and mercury in human hair at Xikuangshan antimony mining area and Guiyang City, China. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue, 30(3), 907-912.
  • Liu, H., Ying, Q., Li, C., Norra, S., & Lichtfouse, E. (2020). Enhanced Removal of Antimony in Dyeing Wastewater by Mixing Fe3O4 with Manganese Sand Filter Material. Water Environment Research.
  • Luo, J., Hu, C., Meng, X., Crittenden, J., Qu, J., & Peng, P. (2017). Antimony removal from aqueous solution using novel α-MnO2 nanofibers: equilibrium, kinetic, and density functional theory studies. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(3), 2255-2264.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Metalic Mines
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Gurhan Yalcın 0000-0002-8011-5371

Özge Özer Atakoğlu 0000-0003-2678-1194

Publication Date July 18, 2024
Submission Date February 21, 2024
Acceptance Date March 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 59 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yalcın, M. G., & Özer Atakoğlu, Ö. (2024). Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler. Geosound, 59(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.70054/geosound.1440840
AMA Yalcın MG, Özer Atakoğlu Ö. Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler. Geosound. July 2024;59(1):1-20. doi:10.70054/geosound.1440840
Chicago Yalcın, Mustafa Gurhan, and Özge Özer Atakoğlu. “Antimonun Çevre Ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri Ve Gerekli Tedbirler”. Geosound 59, no. 1 (July 2024): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.70054/geosound.1440840.
EndNote Yalcın MG, Özer Atakoğlu Ö (July 1, 2024) Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler. Geosound 59 1 1–20.
IEEE M. G. Yalcın and Ö. Özer Atakoğlu, “Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler”, Geosound, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2024, doi: 10.70054/geosound.1440840.
ISNAD Yalcın, Mustafa Gurhan - Özer Atakoğlu, Özge. “Antimonun Çevre Ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri Ve Gerekli Tedbirler”. Geosound 59/1 (July 2024), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.70054/geosound.1440840.
JAMA Yalcın MG, Özer Atakoğlu Ö. Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler. Geosound. 2024;59:1–20.
MLA Yalcın, Mustafa Gurhan and Özge Özer Atakoğlu. “Antimonun Çevre Ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri Ve Gerekli Tedbirler”. Geosound, vol. 59, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-20, doi:10.70054/geosound.1440840.
Vancouver Yalcın MG, Özer Atakoğlu Ö. Antimonun Çevre ile İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri ve Gerekli Tedbirler. Geosound. 2024;59(1):1-20.