Was the Galatian King Deiotaros a city-founder? New Suggestions for Some Small Asian Toponyms with Sin- / Syn-

Year 2013, Volume: 10, 155 - 165, 15.05.2013

Altay Coşkun

Abstract

After the arrival
of the Galatians in central Anatolia, Phrygian cities such as Gordion and
Ankyra continued to exist, but the little interest the new rulers took in them
became apparent when those cities were not re-founded after the Romans had
sacked them in 189 BC. Neither his­torio­graphic nor geographical sources
provide any evidence for a city built by the Galatians, and the lack of
archaeological remains appears to concur with this negative assessment. The
same even seems to hold true for King Deiotaros, although he was most closely
connected with Roman sena­tors, occasionally acted as a benefactor in the Greek
world, and effectively succeeded to the throne of Pontus: so as a (late)
Hellenistic king some interest in constructing, fostering or at least dynastic
naming of cities would fit his role well. But only one isolated reference in
Plutarch's Life of Crassus (17.1) credits the king with the
foundation of a city (54 BC). However, so far it has been impos­sible to
identify any Galatian site with this city. It is therefore suggested that we
might have to look for it in Armenia Minor near the Euphrates, for there was a
settlement with the Celtic name Sin­toion which Stephanos of
Byzantion explicitly attests as a Galatian foundation. Even more interest­ing
is the case of Synhorion, originally a frontier fort established by
Mithradates VI Eupator: in all like­li­hood, this was renamed or rather
reinterpreted as Sinorix Phrourion (App. Mithr. 101.463;
107.503) or *Sinorigia by Deiotaros, son of Sinorix, which yielded
the later form Sinoria (Strab. geogr. 12.3.37). Here the
dynastic naming pattern – so widespread among Hellenistic kings, and so often
applied by Mithradates – is manifest. One may thus go on and venture the
hypothesis that this was also the city Deiotaros was building when Crassus came
along on his ill-fated Parthian cam­paign.

Keywords

Galatia, Armenia Minor, Deiotaros, Hellenization, Urbanization, Celtic Toponomastics, Sintoion, Synhorion/Sinorigia

Galatia Kralı Deiotaros bir Kent Kurucusu muydu? Küçük Asya Sin-/Syn- Toponym'leri üzerine Yeni Öneriler

Abstract

Yazar bu
makalesinde Galatlar'ın Phrygia olarak bilinen İç Anadolu Bölgesi'ne gelişinden
önce bu coğrafyada var olan yerleşimler, Galatların buradaki varlığı ve
kurdukları ilişkiler hakkında bilgi vermiştir. Daha sonra Galat idarecilerinin
kentleşmeye yönelik tutumlarını ele almıştır. Buna göre aynı zaman diliminde
diğer bölgelerdeki yönetimlerde kentleşmeye yönelik çeşitli faaliyetler
olmasına rağmen, hem tarihsel hem de coğrafi kaynakların Galat idarecileri
tarafından buna yönelik bir politikanın izlendiğine dair kanıt sunmadığı ayrıca
bunu destekleyecek arkeolojik kalıntıların olmadığı dile getirilmiştir. Aynı
tutum, Roma senatörleri ile çok yakın ilişki kuran ve zaman zaman Yunan
dünyasına hayırseverlik yapan Deiotaros için de geçerli gibi görünmektedir.
Aslında Deiotaros kendi sülalesine mensup birisinin adını bir kente vermek için
uygun bir konuma da sahiptir. Bununla birlikte Plutarkhos'un Crassus'un Hayatı
isimli (17.1) eserinde, kralı İÖ. 54 yılında bir kent inşasıyla ilişkilendiren
münferit bir örnek bulunmaktadır. Şimdiye kadar hiçbir Galatia yerleşimini bu
kentle eşleştirmek mümkün olmamakla birlikte bu çalışmada bunun Armenia Minor
Bölgesi'nde, Ephrates yakınlarında aranabileceği önerilmiştir. Zira orada
Byzantion'lu Stephanos'un açıkça Galatlar tarafından kurulduğunu aktardığı
Sintoion adında Kelt ismi taşıyan bir yerleşim bulunmaktadır. Yazar bu soruna
öneriler getirdikten sonra, Hellenistik krallar arasında oldukça yaygın olan ve
Mithradates VI Eupator tarafından sık sık kullanılmasında olduğu üzere, açık
bir şekilde sülaleden birisiyle isimlendirme geleneği sergileyen, Mithradates
tarafından kurulmuş olan sınır kalesi Synhorion konusuna değinmiştir. Buna göre
yazar burasının yeniden adlandırılmış veya bundan ziyade Sinorix'in oğlu
Deiotaros tarafından Sinorix Phourion (App. Mithr. 101. 463; 107. 503) ya da
daha sonra Sinoria (Strab. geogr. 12. 3. 37) formunu alan *Sinorigia olarak
yeniden yorumlanmış olabileceğini düşün­mek­tedir. Yazar bu çalışmasında
burasının, Crassus yaşamını kaybetmesine neden olan talihsiz Parthia seferi
için geldiği sırada, Deiotaros tarafından inşa edilmekte olan kent olduğunu
önermektedir.

Keywords

Galatia, Armenia Minor, Deiotaros, Helenizasyon, kentleşme, Kelt yer adları, Sin¬toion, Synhorion/Sinorigia

War der Galaterkönig Deiotaros ein Städtegründer? Neue Vorschläge zu einigen kleinasiatischen Toponymen auf Sin-/Syn-

Abstract

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