Hearing and Vestibular Screens In the Aging Process

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 132 - 141, 31.08.2023

Sare Nur Kayacık , Fatma Zehra Gümüş Selek

https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.1223326

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines aging as a decrease in the ability to adapt to environmental factors. With the increase in the population aged 65 and over, ways to protect against old age are being developed. Screening applications are applied in order to diagnose diseases at the earliest time. Hearing screening practices also help alleviate the global burden of Hearing impairments by matching the needs of older people with current intervention strategies. Evaluation of balance in the elderly population is generally carried out about the history of falling and reducing the risk of falling. Audiologists are responsibile for educating older people about the signs and symptoms of hearing loss and balance problems. It is expected that these trainings and screenings will increase the awareness of elderly individuals about hearing loss and balance problems. Hearing and balance screenings are seen as a low priority in screening applications. However, threats to the quality of care and quality of life regarding hearing and balance status are important. Therefore, these conditions should not be ignored. If the screened patient complies with the recommendation to continue treatment and adhere to treatment, screening programs are considered cost-effective and beneficial. This review mentions the importance of hearing and balance screenings in the elderly population. It is aimed to raise awareness about the responsibilities of the audiologist and the importance of screening for screening applications.

Keywords

hearing screening, vestibular screening, old age, screening

Yaşlanma Sürecinde İşitme ve Vestibüler Taramalar

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) yaşlılığı çevresel faktörlere uyum becerilerinde azalma olarak tanımlamaktadır. 65 yaş ve üstü nüfus popülasyonunda artış görülmesiyle yaşlılığı koruma yolları geliştirilmektedir. Hastalıkları en erken zamanda teşhis etmek amacıyla tarama uygulamaları uygulanmaktadır. Yaşlı nüfusunda işitme kaybı tarama uygulamaları tanılanmamış işitme kayıplarını belirlemektedir. İşitme tarama uygulamaları yaşlı bireylerin ihtiyaçlarını mevcut müdahale stratejileriyle eşleştirerek, aynı zamanda işitme bozukluklarının küresel yükünü hafifletmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Yaşlı nüfusta dengenin değerlendirilmesi genellikle düşme hikayesi ve düşme riskinin azaltılması ile ilgili ürütülmektedir. Odyologların yaşlı bireyleri işitme kaybının ve denge problemlerinin belirti ve semptomları hakkında eğitme sorumluluğu vardır. Bu eğitim ve taramaların yaşlı bireylerin işitme kaybı ve denge problemleri hakkında farkındalığını artırması beklenmektedir. Tarama uygulamalarında işitme ve denge taramaları düşük öncelikli görülmektedir. Ancak işitme ve denge durumu hakkında bakım kalitesine ve yaşam kalitesine yönelik tehditler önemlidir. Bu sebeple bu koşullar göz ardı edilmemelidir. Tarama yapılan hasta tedaviye devam etme önerisine uyuyor ve tedaviye bağlı kalıyorsa, tarama programlarının maliyet ve fayda açısından etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme yaşlı nüfusunda işitme ve denge taramalarının öneminden bahsetmektedir. Tarama uygulamaları için odyologun sorumlulukları ve taramanın önemi konularında farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

İşitme taramaları, vestibüler taramalar, yaşlılık, tarama

References

• Göksoy T. Geriatrik Rehabilitasyon. Klinik Aktüel Tıp, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon, 2004; 4:39-47
• McClane KS. Screening instruments for use in a complete geriatric assessment. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 2006; 20(4), 201-207
• Woolf S, Jonas S, Lawrence R, et al. Health promotion and disease prevention in clinical practice. Philadelphia: Walters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008
• Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community- Dwelling Older Adults US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement, 2018
• Rob B, Vinod A, Monica P, et al. Costs and health effects of screening and delivery of hearing aids in Tamil Nadu, India: An observational study. BMC Public Health, 2009; 9, 135
• Crews JE, Campbell VA. Vision impairment and hearing loss among community-dwelling older Americans: Implications for health and functioning. American Journal of Public Health, 2004;94, 823– 829 PubMed
• Moyer VA, US Preventive Services Task Force* Screening for hearing loss in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Annals of internal medicine, 2012; 157(9), 655-661.
• Weinstein, Barbara E. Geriatric audiology 2nd ed., 2012
• Maciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, et al. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: Results of a systematic review and analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2006; 31, 52–61.
• Zhang HL, Gong XC, Hao XJ, Deng J, Liu HY, Wu D, Huo XX, Guo R. [Investigation of hearing loss and speech recognition ability of the elderly and analysis of its high risk factors]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2019 Feb 7;54(2):116-120. Chinese. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.is sn.1673-0860.2019.02.004. PMID: 30776863.
• Cruz MS, Lima MC, Santos JL, Lebrão ML, Duarte YA, Ramos-Cerqueira AT. Incidence of self-reported hearing loss and associated risk factors among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil: the SABE survey. Cad Saude Publica. 2013 Apr;29(4):702-12. PMID: 23568300.
• Itoh A, Nakashima T, Arao H, Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Kawamura T, Ohno Y. Smoking and drinking habits as risk factors for hearing loss in the elderly: epidemiological study of subjects undergoing routine health checks in Aichi, Japan. Public Health. 2001 May;115(3):192-6. doi: 10.1038/ sj.ph.1900765. PMID: 11429714.
• Yueh B, Shapiro N, MacLean CH, et al. Screening and management of adult hearing loss in primary care: Scientific review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2003; 289, 1976–1985
• Liu CF., Collins MP, Souza PE, et al. Long-term costeffectiveness of screening strategies for hearing loss. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2011; 48, 235–243
• American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Panel on Audiologic Assessment. Guidelines for audiologic screening. Rockville, MD: ASHA (1997).
• Johnson CE., Danhauer JL., Koch LL., et al. Hearing and balance screening and referrals for Medicare patients: A national survey of primary care physicians. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 2008; 19, 171–190
• Lin HW., Bhattacharyya N. Balance disorders in the elderly: epidemiology and functional impact. The Laryngoscope 122.8 (2012): 1858-1861.
• American Geriatrics Society. Prevention of falls in older persons: AGS/BGS clinical practice guidelines, 2009
• Kuehn BM. Primary care screening and intervention helps prevent falls among elderly. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2010;303, 2019– 2020
• Eibling D. Balance disorders in older adults. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 34.2 (2018): 175-181.
• Whitney S, Morris L. ‘Multisensory Impairment in Older Adults: Evaluation and Intervention’ in Geriatric Otolaryngology, 2006
• Lord SR, Murray SM, et al. Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002; 57(8):M539–543
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Çok Yönlü Yaşlı Değerlendirmesi ve İzlem Kılavuzu, 2019, Ankara.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü , Toplum Sağlığı Hizmetleri ve Eğitim D.B., Aile Hekimliği Uygulamasında Önerilen Periyodik Sağlık Muayeneleri ve Tarama Testleri, 2015, Ankara.
• Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969; 9(3):179–186.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Yaşlı İzlemi Eğitimi: Yaşlı Hastayı Değerlendirmede Kullanılan Fonksiyonel Testler, 2019, Ankara.
• Patel R., & McKinnon BJ. Hearing loss in the elderly. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 34.2 (2018); 163-174.
• Abu-Ghanem S., Handzel O., Ness L., et al. Smartphone-based audiometric test for screening hearing loss in the elderly. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology 273 (2016): 333-339.
• Davis A. Hearing in adults: the prevalence and distribution of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability in the MRC Institute of Hearing Research’s National Study of Hearing. London: Whurr Publishers; 1995.
• Watkin PM, Baldwin M. Identifying deafness in early childhood: requirements after the newborn hearing screen. Archives of disease in childhood. 2011 Jan 1;96(1):62-6.
• Smith PA, Davis AC, Pronk M, et al. Adult hearing screening: what comes next?. International journal of audiology. 2011 Sep 1;50(9):610-2.
• Ting HC, Huang YY. Sensitivity and specificity of hearing tests for screening hearing loss in older adults. Journal of Otology, 18.1 (2023): 1-6.
• Yueh B, Collins MP, Souza PE, et al. Long‐term effectiveness of screening for hearing loss: the screening for auditory impairment—which hearing assessment test (SAI‐WHAT) randomized trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2010; 58(3):427-34.
• Lin HW, & Bhattacharyya N. Balance disorders in the elderly: epidemiology and functional impact. The Laryngoscope, 122.8 (2012):1858-1861.
• Stevens KN, Lang IA, Guralnik JM, et al. Epidemiology of balance and dizziness in a national population: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing 2008;37:300–30
• Agrawal Y, Carey JP, Della Santina CC, et al. Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001– 2004. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:938–944
• Institute of Medicine. Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Health Care Workforce. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2008.