THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON OLIVE AND OLIVE OIL CHARACTERISTICS

Year 2019, Volume: 44 Issue: 6, 1081 - 1091, 06.10.2019

Aslı Yorulmaz , Hakan Erinç , Abidin Tatlı Aziz Tekin

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD19104

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the changes in olive and corresponding
olive oil characteristics in response to irrigation. Five olive cultivars
(Halhalı, Sarı ulak, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık and Karamani) from Turkish
origin were harvested from their own traditional growing region (Mardin,
Mersin, Gaziantep, Kilis and Hatay respectively) from  both irrigated and non-irrigated trees
(rain-fed) for two consecutive crop years. Olives were processed to oil with a
laboratory scale system. Olive fruits were analyzed for their physico-chemical
properties and phenolic composition and olive oils were analysed for fatty
acid, triacylglycerol and sterol composition. Results have shown that average
weight, flesh/pit ratio of olives were lower and dry matter and oil content
were higher in rain-fed trees than irrigated ones. Phenolic content and
composition of fruits were cultivar dependent and responded differently to
water supplement. Fatty acid composition of olive oils mainly remained
unchanged, however the concentration of individual triacylglycerols behaved in
distinct ways. Total sterol and β-sitosterol contents increased and decreased
for various cultivars whereas Δ-5-avenasterol increased in all cases. Sarı ulak
variety was well separated from other varieties by principal component and
hierarchical cluster analysis both in rain-fed and irrigated treatments.

Keywords

Irrigation, fatty acid, olive oil, phenolic, sterol, triacylglycerol

SULAMA İŞLEMİNİN ZEYTİN VE ZEYTİNYAĞININ ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı zeytin ve bu zeytinlerden elde edilen zeytinyağının özellikleri
üzerine sulama işleminin etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Türkiye orijinli
5 farklı zeytin çeşidi (Halhalı, Sarı ulak, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık and
Karamani), ard arda gelen 2 hasat yılı boyunca, sulanmış ve sulanmamış (yağmur
suyuyla beslenmiş) ağaçlardan, yetiştirildikleri bölgelerden (sırasıyla Mardin,
Mersin, Gaziantep, Kilis ve Hatay) hasat edilmişlerdir. Zeytinler laboratuvar
ölçekli bir sistem ile yağa işlenmişlerdir. Zeytin meyveleri fiziko-kimyasal
özellikleri ve fenolik kompozisyonları yönünden, zeytinyağları ise yağ asidi,
trigliserit ve sterol bileşimleri yönünden analiz edilmişlerdir. Sonuçlar
sulama yapılmamış örneklerde sulanan örneklere göre, zeytin ortalama
ağırlıkları ile et/çekirdek oranının daha düşük, kuru madde ve yağ içeriğinin
ise daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Fenolik madde içeriği ve kompozisyonunun
çeşide bağlı olduğu görülmüş ve sulama işlemi ile farklı sonuçlar elde
edilmiştir. Zeytinyağlarının yağ asidi bileşimleri değişmemiştir, ancak her bir
trigliserit konsantrasyonunda farklı değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Toplam sterol
ve β-sitosterol miktarlarında çeşitler arasında artış azalışlar gözlenmiş,
ancak Δ-5-avenasterol miktarı tüm durumlarda artmıştır. Sarı ulak çeşidi sulama
yapılmamış ve sulanmış diğer çeşitlerden temel bileşen ve hiyerarşik kümeleme
analizi ile net bir şekilde ayrılmıştır.

Keywords

Sulama, yağ asidi, zeytinyağı, fenolik, sterol, triaçilgliserol

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