The Reflection of Different Educational Approaches on Life Skills: Waldorf Pedagogy and Montessori Method

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 120 - 164, 29.03.2025

Nurcihan Tutar , Zeynep Fulya Temel

https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1540237

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the place of life skills in Waldorf pedagogy and the Montessori method, as well as to identify educational practices that support life skills. A descriptive qualitative design was chosen because there wasn't enough specific information about how Waldorf pedagogy and the Montessori method help with life skills. Descriptive qualitative design is used with the aim of complementing and explaining the quantitative dimension of studies conducted with mixed methods. The study group consisted of 13 teachers working in the preschool education level of Waldorf and Montessori schools. The interview technique was used for the purpose of sharing experiential knowledge. Criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods was used to determine the study group. In this study, teachers' opinions on twelve life skills were gathered. During the interview, audio recordings were made with the participants' knowledge, and subsequently, a transcript was created. According to the study, the Waldorf method uses random, inwardly focused, nature-based, and cyclical ways of teaching, while the Montessori method uses social, real-life experience-based, and more structured ways of teaching. In the research results, it is interesting to note that the Waldorf method and the Montessori method had fewer teaching activities about how to avoid dangerous situations and what to do in an emergency than they did about other life skills. According to the research, Waldorf pedagogy and the Montessori method are both based on the philosophy of anthropology, but they have different ways of teaching preschool. However, both teach kids skills that will help them in their future lives. It is suggested that in future research, the study group should be met before the study to improve the interview method, different ways of teaching life skills in preschool should be looked at, and finally, this study should be repeated during the Covid-19 period after the pandemic and the results should be compared.

Keywords

Life Skills, Waldorf, Montessori

Ethical Statement

Gazi University, 23/12/2020, E-91610558-302.08.01.

Farklı Eğitim Yaklaşımlarının Yaşam Becerilerine Yansıması: Waldorf Pedagojisi ve Montessori Metodu

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı Waldorf pedagojisi ve Montessori metodunda yaşam becerilerinin yeri ve yaşam becerilerini destekleyen eğitim uygulamalarının belirlenmesidir. Waldorf Pedagojisi ve Montessori metodunun yaşam becerilerini desteklemesi özelinde çok az bilgi bulunması nedeniyle betimleyici nitel tasarım kullanılması uygun görülmüştür. Betimleyici nitel tasarım, karma yöntemle yapılan çalışmaların nicel boyutunun tamamlayıcısı ve açıklayıcısı olma amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu, Waldorf ve Montessori okullarının okul öncesi eğitim kademesinde görev yapan 13 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Deneyimsel paylaşımların aktarılması amacıyla görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu belirlenirken amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin on iki yaşam becerisine dair görüşleri alınmıştır. Görüşme süresince katılımcıların bilgisi dâhilinde ses kaydı alınmış, sonrasında trankript metni oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada, Waldorf pedagojisinde yapılandırılmamış, içsel farkındalığa dönük, doğa temelli ve döngüsel eğitim uygulamalarına yer verilirken; Montessori metodunda ise toplumsal, gerçek yaşam deneyimlerine dayalı ve daha yapılandırılmış eğitim uygulamalarına yer verildiği bulgulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında, Waldorf pedagojisinin ve Montessori metodunun diğer yaşamF becerilerine oranla tehlikeli durumlardan kaçınma ve acil-hayati durumlalarda yapılması gerekenler kategorilerinde daha az eğitim uygulamasına yer verdikleri dikkat çekmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda, antropoloji felsefesine dayanmasına rağmen Waldorf pedagojisi ve Montessori metodunun okul öncesi eğitim uygulamalarında farklılıklar gösterdiği, ancak her iki eğitim yaklaşımın da çocukların yaşam becerilerini destekleyici eğitim uygulamaları sunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonraki araştırmalarda görüşme tekniğinin etkililiğinin artması amacıyla çalışma grubu ile çalışma öncesi tanışılması, yaşam becerileri ediniminde farklı okul öncesi eğitim yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi ve son olarak Covid-19 döneminde gerçekleşen bu çalışmanın pandemi sonrasında tekrarlanarak sonuçların karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Yaşam Becerileri, Waldorf, Montessori

Ethical Statement

Gazi Üniversitesi, 23/12/2020, E-91610558-302.08.01.

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