Nanopartiküllerin Genotoksik Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 19 - 38, 01.11.2021

Aleyna Halıcı Açelya Seyrek Kübra Aykan Fatma Ünal , Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5734749

Öz

Nanoteknolojinin amacı, nanopartikül (NP) olarak adlandırılan maddeleri endüstriyel amaçlarla tasarlamak ve sentezlemektir. Ebatları ˂100 nm olan nanopartiküller, küçük boyut ve geniş yüzey alanı, iletkenlik, güç, dayanıklılık ve reaktivite gibi yeni olağanüstü özellikler kazanır. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı NP'ler tıp, eczacılık, kozmetik, elektronik, tekstil, boya, endüstri ve gıda koruma gibi çeşitli alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fakat bu tür özellikler, nanopartiküllerin biyolojik ve toksikolojik özelliklerini de etkilemektedir. NP'ler önemli biyolojik bariyerleri ve zarları kolayca geçebilir ve organlar, hücresel organeller ve genetik materyal ile etkileşime girebilir. NP'ler oksidatif strese, inflamasyona, sitotoksisiteye, genotoksisiteye ve apoptoza neden olabilir. Bu sebeple, nanopartiküllerin olası genotoksik etkileri, Kromozom Anormallikleri (KA), Kardeş Kromatid Değişimi (KKD), Mikronukleus (MN), kuyruklu yıldız/Komet ve Allium testleri kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yukarıda adı geçen testlerle incelenmiş olan bakır oksit (CuO), çinko oksit (ZnO), demir oksit (Fe2O3), gümüş (Ag), kobalt-krom (CoCr), silikon dioksit (SiO2), titanyum dioksit (TiO2) ve tungsten oksit (WO3) nanopartiküllerinin insan lenfositlerinde ve bazı hücre hatlarında in vitro ve Allium cepa ve Vicia faba’daki in vivo genotoksik etkileri konusundaki bazı makaleleri derlemektir. Ayrıca, nanopartiküllerin genotoksik mekanizmaları konusunda ileri sürülen görüşleri derlemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nanopartikül, Genotoksik Etki, İnsan Lenfositleri, Allium cepa, Vicia faba

Kaynakça

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