Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Polyaniline/Modified-Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Film Composite

Year 2021, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 381 - 394, 01.06.2021

Meryem Kalkan Erdoğan , Mehmet Saçak

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.726857

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This work reports the preparation of a conductive composite film, from one of the most conductive polymers, polyaniline (PAn), and a methacryloyl group attached-poly(vinyl alcohol) (M-PVA), in a few straightforward process steps. First, the -OH groups of PVA were modified through trans-esterification reaction using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), in the presence of N, N, N, N-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as a catalyst at 60 ℃. After casting the M-PVA into the film in the organic media, the polymerization of aniline was performed onto this surface using APS as an oxidant in 1.0 M HCl. The effects of conditions, including the concentrations of M-PVA used for film-casting, and aniline, were investigated on PAn content (%) and conductivity. It was observed that the conductivity of the thin and almost transparent composite films (containing 17.5% of PAn) reached to 10-4 Scm-1. The characterization of the samples was conducted by ATR-FTIR, contact angle-wetting time measurements, and SEM-EDX techniques. The usability of the conductive composite film in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was examined within 30 MHz-3 GHz, through the measurement of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and relative shielding efficiency values of absorption (Ab) and reflection (Re). Twice PAn deposited-composite film showed an average 5.6 dB EMSE value that corresponds to 71% of shielding through the Ab mechanism, dominantly.

Keywords

Polyaniline composite film, Modified PVA, Film casting, EMI shielding

References

• [1] Zeng, F.-W., Liu, X.-X., Diamond, D., and Lau, K.T., "Humidity sensors based on polyaniline nanofibres", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 143(2): 530-534, (2010).
• [2] Chani, M. T. S., Karimov, K. S., Khalid, F. A., and Moiz, S. A., "Polyaniline based impedance humidity sensors", Solid State Sciences, 18: 78-82, (2013).
• [3] Agbor, N.E., Petty, M.C., and Monkman, A.P., "Polyaniline thin films for gas sensing", Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical, 28(3): 173-179, (1995).
• [4] Chabukswar, V.V., Pethkar, S., and Athawale, A.A., "Acrylic acid doped polyaniline as an ammonia sensor", Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 77(3): 657-663, (2001).
• [5] Hwang, H.R., Roh, J.G., Lee, D.D., Lim, J.O., Huh, J.S., "Sensing behavior of the polypyrrole and polyaniline sensor for several volatile organic compounds", Metals and Materials International, 9(3): 287-291, (2003).
• [6] Gong, S., Lai, D.T.H., Wang, Y., Yap, L.W., Si, K. J., Shi, Q., Jason, N.N., Sridhar, T., Uddin, M.H., Cheng, W., "Tattoolike Polyaniline Microparticle-Doped Gold Nanowire Patches as Highly Durable Wearable Sensors", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(35): 19700-19708, (2015).
• [7] Mäkelä, T., Pienimaa, S., Taka, T., Jussila, S., and Isotalo, H., "Thin polyaniline films in EMI shielding", Synthetic Metals, 85(1): 1335-1336, (1997).
• [8] Lee, C. Y., Song, H. G., Jang, K. S., Oh, E. J., Epstein, A. J., and Joo, J., "Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of polyaniline mixtures and multilayer films", Synthetic Metals, 102(1): 1346-1349, (1999).
• [9] Kutanis, S., Karakışla, M., Akbulut, U., and Saçak, M., "The conductive polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fabrics", Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 38(2): 609-614, (2007).
• [10] Erdoğan, M.K., Karakışla, M., and Saçak, M., "Conductive polyaniline–polythiophene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fiber: Effects of pH and washing processes on surface resistivity", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(20): 41979, (2015).
• [11] Irimia-Vladu, M. and Fergus, J.W., "Suitability of emeraldine base polyaniline-PVA composite film for carbon dioxide sensing", Synthetic Metals, 156(21): 1401-1407, (2006).
• [12] Mohamoud, M.A., "Polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAN/PVA) composite films: the synergy of film structural stiffening, redox amplification, and mobile species compositional dynamics", Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 17(11): 2771-2782, (2013).
• [13] Dispenza, C., Presti, C.L., Belfiore, C., Spadaro, G., and Piazza, S., "Electrically conductive hydrogel composites made of polyaniline nanoparticles and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)", Polymer, 47(4): 961-971, (2006).
• [14] Li, X., Tian, S., Ping, Y., Kim, D. H., and Knoll, W., "One-Step Route to the Fabrication of Highly Porous Polyaniline Nanofiber Films by Using PS-b-PVP Diblock Copolymers as Templates", Langmuir, 21(21): 9393-9397, (2005).
• [15] Chen, S.A. and Fang, W.G., "Electrically conductive polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: physical properties and morphological structures", Macromolecules, 24(6): 1242-1248, (1991).
• [16] Lin, C.W., Hwang, B.J., Lee, C.R., "Methanol sensors based on the conductive polymer composites from polypyrrole and poly (vinyl alcohol)", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 55(2): 139-144, (1998).
• [17] Harun, M.H., Saion, E., Kassim, A., Hussain, M.Y., Mustafa, I.S., Omer, M.A.A., "Temperature dependence of AC electrical conductivity of PVA-PPy-FeCl3 composite polymer films", Malaysian Polymer Journal, 3(2): 24-31, (2008).
• [18] Ahirwar, D., Vishwakarma, K., "Morphological characterization and synthesis of Polythiophene doped PVA film", International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research, 5(2): 480-487, (2016).
• [19] Mirmohseni, A., Wallace, G.G., "Preparation and characterization of processable electroactive polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol composite", Polymer, 44(12): 3523-3528, (2003).
• [20] Gangopadhyay, R., De, A., Ghosh, G., "Polyaniline–poly (vinyl alcohol) conducting composite: material with easy processability and novel application potential", Synthetic Metals, 123(1): 21-31, (2001).
• [21] Cho, M.S., Park, S.Y., Hwang, J. Y., Choi, H.J., "Synthesis and electrical properties of polymer composites with polyaniline nanoparticles", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 24(1): 15-18, (2004).
• [22] Bhadra, J., Sarkar, D., "Size variation of polyaniline nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol matrix", Bulletin of Materials Science, 33(5): 519-523, (2010).
• [23] Zhang, Z., Wan, M., "Composite films of nanostructured polyaniline with poly(vinyl alcohol)", Synthetic Metals, 128(1): 83-89, (2002).
• [24] Erdoğan, M.K., Akdemir, Ö., Hamitbeyli, A., Karakışla, M., "Preparation of hydrophilic woven fabrics: Surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by grafting of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(16): 48584, (2020).
• [25] Kalkan Erdoğan, M., "Preparation and stabilization of Ag nanoparticles with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone grafted-poly(vinyl alcohol) in an organic medium and investigation of their usability in the catalytic dye decolorization", Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 34: 100222, (2020).
• [26] Crispim-Edson, G., Piai Juliana, F., Schüquel Ivânia, T. A., Rubira Adley, F., and Muniz Edvani, C., Functionalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) by addition of methacryloyl groups: characterization by FTIR and NMR and optimization of reaction conditions by RSM, in e-Polymers. 2006. p. 793.
• [27] Babayan, V., Kazantseva, N.E., Moučka, R., Stejskal, J., "Electromagnetic shielding of polypyrrole–sawdust composites: polypyrrole globules and nanotubes", Cellulose, 24(8): 3445-3451, (2017).
• [28] Turay, C.B., Erdoğan, M.K., Karakışla, M., Saçak, M., "Conductive poly (o-anisidine)/poly (ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven composite: Investigation of synthesis parameters and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness", Journal of Industrial Textiles, 46(4): 1104-1120, (2016).
• [29] Dutta, P., Biswas, S., Ghosh, M., De, S.K., Chatterjee, S., "The dc and ac conductivity of polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol blends", Synthetic Metals, 122(2): 455-461, (2001).
• [30] Wang, J., Chi, H., Zhou, A., Zheng, R., Bai, H., Zhang, T. “Facile synthesis of multi-functional elastic polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol composite gels by a solution assembly method”, RSC Advances, 10: 22019-22026, (2020).
• [31] Arora, M., Luthra, V., Singh, R., Gupta, S.K., "Study of vibrational spectra of polyaniline doped with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid", Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 96(1): 173-181, (2001).
• [32] Trchová, M. and Stejskal, J., “Polyaniline: The infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes”, IUPAC Technical Report, in Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1803, (2011).
• [33] Kang, E. T., Neoh, K. G., Tan, K. L., "Polyaniline: A polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states", Progress in Polymer Science, 23(2): 277-324, (1998).
• [34] Boyer, M.I., Quillard, S., Rebourt, E., Louarn, G., Buisson, J.P., Monkman, A., Lefrant, S., "Vibrational Analysis of Polyaniline:  A Model Compound Approach", The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,102(38): 7382-7392, (1998).
• [35] Jayasekara, R., Harding, I., Bowater, I., Christie, G.B.Y., Lonergan, G. T., "Preparation, surface modification and characterisation of solution cast starch PVA blended films", Polymer Testing, 23(1): 17-27, (2004).
• [36] Busscher, H.J., van Pelt, A.W.J., de Boer, P., de Jong, H.P., Arends, J., “The effect of surface roughening of polymers on measured contact angles of liquids”, Colloids and Surfaces, 9(4): 319-331 (1984).
• [37] Liu, M.J., Tzou, K., Gregory, R.V., "Influence of the doping conditions on the surface energies of conducting polymers", Synthetic Metals, 63(1): 67-71, (1994).
• [38] Zhang, Z., Wei, Z., Wan, M., "Nanostructures of Polyaniline Doped with Inorganic Acids", Macromolecules, 35(15): 5937-5942, (2002).
• [39] Blinova, N.V., Stejskal, J., Trchová, M., Prokeš, J., "Control of polyaniline conductivity and contact angles by partial protonation", Polymer International, 57(1): 66-69, (2008).
• [40] Satheesh Kumar, K.K., Geetha, S., Trivedi, D.C., "Freestanding conducting polyaniline film for the control of electromagnetic radiations", Current Applied Physics, 5(6): 603-608, (2005).
• [41] Kim, B.R., Lee, H.K., Park, S.H., Kim, H.K., "Electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics and shielding effectiveness of polyaniline-coated films", Thin Solid Films, 519(11): 3492-3496, (2011).
• [42] Kim, B.R., Lee, H.K., Kim, E., Lee, S.-H., "Intrinsic electromagnetic radiation shielding/absorbing characteristics of polyaniline-coated transparent thin films", Synthetic Metals, 160(17): 1838-1842, (2010).