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An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 793 - 811, 01.06.2024

Muhammet Topuz , Muharrem Keskin , Murat Karabulut , Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1240178

Abstract

Lake sediments offer valuable information about the geographical, climatic and environmental variations. This work was carried out to examine the chemical elements of eleven sediment samples from the old bottom (0-5m; 0.5m increments) of the dried Lake Gavur in Turkiye by applying XRF along with PCA and PLSR data analyses methods. The highest and negative correlations were observed for Sr (-0.89), S+SO3 (-0.74) and Zr+ZrO2 (-0.61) with sampling depths meaning that their concentrations were lower in deeper locations (4.0-5.0 m). In contrast, Ti+TiO2 (0.60), Al+Al2O3 (0.53) and Cu+CuO (0.51) had high and positive correlations and their quantities increased as the depth increased. The age of the two samples (at 2.5 m and 5.0 m) was determined as 4752±33 BP years (2.5 m) and 5470±35 BP (5.0 m). Ca+CaO content was found as lower and Ti+TiO was higher in the deeper sediment (5.0 m) indicating rainy periods. PCA clustered the samples into two groups as deeper samples (4.0-5.0 m) and other samples (0.0 3.5m) while PLSR grouped them into three clusters as deeper (4.0-5.0 m), medium-depth (1.5 3.5 m) and shallower (0.0-1.0m) samples. PLSR model had a good performance to estimate the sampling depth from the chemical elements (R2cal=0.95; R2val=0.67) which means that the variations of the chemicals were highly dependent on the sampling depth. A general comment that can be obtained for the lake from the geochemical proxies is that: After a rainy period between 5.0m and 4.0m, there was a gradual drought up to 2.5m and a maximum dry period at 2.5m. It was a wet period between 2.5m and 1.0m and the second period with maximum precipitation was not as effective as seen in the first one.

Keywords

Lake Gavur Geochemical indicator XRF PCA PLSR

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Unit of the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Project Number

(Project No: 2017/2-46D).

Thanks

This research was financially supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University (Project No: 2017/2-46D).

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Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 793 - 811, 01.06.2024

Muhammet Topuz , Muharrem Keskin , Murat Karabulut , Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1240178

Abstract

Keywords

Dried Gavur Lake sediment geochemical indicator XRF PCA PLSR

Project Number

(Project No: 2017/2-46D).

References

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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Environmental Science
Authors

Muhammet Topuz 0000-0001-5526-3797

Muharrem Keskin 0000-0002-2649-6855

Murat Karabulut 0000-0002-1456-6908

Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç 0000-0002-6255-6819

Project Number (Project No: 2017/2-46D).
Early Pub Date December 9, 2023
Publication Date June 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 37 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Topuz, M., Keskin, M., Karabulut, M., Karlıoğlu Kılıç, N. (2024). An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science, 37(2), 793-811. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1240178
AMA Topuz M, Keskin M, Karabulut M, Karlıoğlu Kılıç N. An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science. June 2024;37(2):793-811. doi:10.35378/gujs.1240178
Chicago Topuz, Muhammet, Muharrem Keskin, Murat Karabulut, and Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç. “An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis”. Gazi University Journal of Science 37, no. 2 (June 2024): 793-811. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1240178.
EndNote Topuz M, Keskin M, Karabulut M, Karlıoğlu Kılıç N (June 1, 2024) An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science 37 2 793–811.
IEEE M. Topuz, M. Keskin, M. Karabulut, and N. Karlıoğlu Kılıç, “An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 793–811, 2024, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1240178.
ISNAD Topuz, Muhammet et al. “An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis”. Gazi University Journal of Science 37/2 (June 2024), 793-811. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1240178.
JAMA Topuz M, Keskin M, Karabulut M, Karlıoğlu Kılıç N. An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024;37:793–811.
MLA Topuz, Muhammet et al. “An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 37, no. 2, 2024, pp. 793-11, doi:10.35378/gujs.1240178.
Vancouver Topuz M, Keskin M, Karabulut M, Karlıoğlu Kılıç N. An Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments from Dried Lake Gavur of Turkiye by Using XRF and Multivariate Data Analysis. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2024;37(2):793-811.