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Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 1964 - 1979

Elif Işık , Mahmut Can Şenel , Aleyna Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1390096

Abstract

This work aimed to compare the mechanical properties and microstructures of Al2024-graphene, Al6061-graphene, and Al7075-graphene composites produced via the induction hot pressing and powder metallurgy method. The influences of graphene content (0.15-0.45wt.%), heat treatment (sintering and induction hot-pressing), and matrix material (Al2024, Al6061, and Al7075) on the mechanical strength and microstructure of specimens were studied. Compared to Al2024, Al6061 and Al7075 alloys, the compressive strength of Al2024-0.15graphene, Al6061-0.15graphene and Al7075-0.15graphene composites increased by 33.74%, 24.9% and 32%, respectively. The highest compressive strength (506±5 MPa), hardness (164±1.5 HV), and apparent density (2.65 g/cm3) were achieved in sintered and induction heat-treated Al7075-0.15%graphene composite. As a result, it was determined that graphene is an effective reinforcement element. It has been determined that induction hot-pressing improves the mechanical strength of composite materials.

Keywords

Aluminum Graphene Powder Metallurgy Microstructure Strength

Ethical Statement

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Supporting Institution

This work was supported by the Scientific Researched Project Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University under Grant No. PYO.MUH.1901.22.008.

Project Number

PYO.MUH.1901.22.008

Thanks

The authors of this study thank Black Sea Advanced Technology Research and Application Center (KITAM) in Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) for SEM and XRD analysis. They also thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mevlüt Gürbüz for useful suggestions related to hot pressed and microstructure analyses.

References

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  • [2] Lawal, A.T., "Graphene-based nano composites and their applications. A review", Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 141: 111384, (2019).
  • [3] Ramanathan, A., Krishnan, P.K., and Muraliraja, R., "A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting-furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities", Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 42: 213–245, (2019).
  • [4] Zhao, Z., Bai, P., Du, W., Liu, B., Pan, D., Das, R., Liu, C., and Guo, Z., "An overview of graphene and its derivatives reinforced metal matrix composites: Preparation, properties and applications", Carbon, 170: 302–326, (2020).
  • [5] Tabandeh-Khorshid, M., Omrani, E., Menezes, P.L., and Rohatgi, P.K., "Tribological performance of self-lubricating aluminum matrix nanocomposites: Role of graphene nanoplatelets", Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1): 463–469, (2016).
  • [6] Gürbüz, M., "Atık içecek kutularından üretilmiş alüminyumun mekanik özelliklerine soğuk işlemin etkisi", Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 20(58): 28–35, (2018).
  • [7] Samal, P., Vundavilli, P.R., Meher, A., and Mahapatra, M.M., "Recent progress in aluminum metal matrix composites: a review on processing, mechanical and wear properties", Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 59: 131–152, (2020).
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  • [20] Zhang, P.X., Jiang, Z., Zhang, C., and Guo, W., "Regulating microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemical characteristic of 2024-CNTs aluminum composites via decorating nano Ni on the surface of CNTs", Diamond and Related Materials, 126: 1-13, (2022).
  • [21] Deaquino-Lara, R., Soltani, N., Bahrami, A., Gutiérrez-Castañeda, E., García-Sánchez, E., and Hernandez-Rodríguez, M.A.L., "Tribological characterization of Al7075-graphite composites fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion", Materials and Design, 67: 224–231, (2015).
  • [22] Lee, X.J., Hiew, B.Y.Z., Lai, K.C., Lee, L.Y., Gan, S., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S., and Rigby, S., "Review on graphene and its derivatives: synthesis methods and potential industrial implementation", Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 98: 163–180, (2019).
  • [23] Warner, J.H., Graphene: Fundamentals and Emergent Applications, Elsevier, UK, (2013).
  • [24] Darshan, M., Reddappa, H.N., Chandrashekar, A., and Vinod Kumar, R., "Mechanical and tribological properties of AA-7075 and graphene reinforced metal matrix composites", International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 3(7): 230-235, (2018).
  • [25] Muraliraja, R. Aranachalam, R., Al-Fori, I., Al-Maharbi, M., and Piya, S., "Development of alumina reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite with enhanced compressive strength through squeeze casting process", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 233(3): 307–314, (2018).
  • [26] Zamani, N.A.B.N., Asif Iqbal, A.K.M., Muhammad Nuruzzaman, D., "Fabrication and characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticle reinforced aluminium matrix composite via powder metallurgy", Materials Today: Proceedings, 29(1): 190–195, (2019).
  • [27] Haddad, A., Benamor, A., Chiker, N., Hadji, Y., Temmar, M., Hakem, M., Badji, R., Abdi, S., and Hadji, M., "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tribological behavior of friction stir processed Al2O3-reinforced AA2024-T351 matrix", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 115(5–6): 1671–1681, (2021).
  • [28] Veerappan, G., Abdi, D., Marichamy, S., Dhinakaran, V., and Sathish, S., "Investigation of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of nickel bronze alloy prepared powder metallurgy", Materials Today: Proceedings, 74(1): 44-48, (2023).
  • [29] Chen, X., Zhu, R., Yuan, Z., Gao, H., Xu, W., Xiao, G., Xu, W., and Lu, Y., "Applied surface science in-situ construction of the nanostructured TiO2/TiN composite films by induction heat treatment : improved mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties", Applied Surface Science, 614: 1-13, (2023).
  • [30] Fomin, A., Fomina, M., Koshuro, V., and Rodionov, I., "Composite metal oxide coatings on chromium-nickel stainless steel produced by induction heat treatment", Composite Structures, 229: 1-8, (2019).
  • [31] Chen, L., Qi, Y., Fei, Y., Liu, Y., and Du, Z., "GNP-reinforced Al2024 composite fabricated through powder semi-solid processing", Materials Transactions, 61(7): 1239–1246, (2020).
  • [32] Singh, P.K., "Mechanical characterization of graphene-aluminum nanocomposites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 44(1): 2304–2308, (2021).
  • [33] AbuShanab, W.S., Moustafa, E.B., Ghandourah, E., and Taha, M.A., "Effect of graphene nanoparticles on the physical and mechanical properties of the Al2024-graphene nanocomposites fabricated by powder metallurgy", Results in Physics, 19: 1-12, (2020).
  • [34] Kumar, P.G.H., and Xavior, A.M., "Effect of graphene addition on flexural properties of Al 6061 nanocomposites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(8): 8127–8133, (2017).
  • [35] Khan, M., Din, R.U., Wadood, A., Syed, W.H., Akhtar, S., and Aune, R.E., "Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the physical and mechanical properties of Al6061 in fabricated and T6 thermal conditions", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 790: 1076–1091, (2019).
  • [36] Chak, V., and Chattopadhyay, H., "Synthesis of graphene–aluminium matrix nanocomposites: mechanical and tribological properties", Materials Science and Technology, 37(5): 467–477, (2021).
  • [37] Xia, H.M., Zahng, L., Zhu, Y., Li, N., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., and Ma, H., "Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering", International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 27(9): 1295–1300, (2020).
  • [38] Şenel, M., and Üstün, M., "Dry sliding wear and friction behavior of graphene/ZrO2 binary nanoparticles reinforced aluminum hybrid composites", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 47(7): 9253–9269, (2022).
  • [39] Kumar, N., and Maheshwari, S., "Expounding the influence of micro/nano particles on mechanical and tribological properties of AA 7050 matrix composite: a review", Materials Today: Proceedings, 62(6): 3361–3367, (2022).
  • [40] Zhang, Z., and Chen, D.L., "Consideration of Orowan strengthening effect in particulate-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: A model for predicting their yield strength", 54(7): 1321–1326, (2006).
  • [41] Şenel, M., and Demir, M., "Effect of induction heat treatment on the mechanical propertiesof Si3N4–graphene-reinforced Al2024 hybrid composites", Bulletin of Materials Science, 45(1): 1–17, (2022).
  • [42] Chen, W., Yang, T., Dong, L., Elmasry, A., Song, J., Deng, N., Elmarakbi, A., Liu, T., Lu, H.B., and Fu, Y.Q., "Advances in graphene reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: Mechanisms, processing, modelling, properties and applications", Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering, 3(4): 189–210, (2020).
  • [43] Luo, K., Liu, S., Xiong, H., Zhang, Y., Kon, C., and Yu, H., "Mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by high-entropy alloy particles", Metals and Materials International, 28 (11): 2811–2821, (2022).
  • [44] Ghodrati, H., and Ghomashchi, R., "Effect of graphene dispersion and interfacial bonding on the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites: an overview", FlatChem, 16: 1-22, (2019).
  • [45] Kang, Y.C., and Chan S.L., "Tensile properties of nanometric Al2O3 particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 85(2–3): 438–443, (2004).
  • [46] Ma, P., Jia, Y., Gokuldoss, P.K., Yu, Z., Yang, S., Zhao, J., and Li, C., "Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles as reinforcement on the tensile behavior of Al-12Si composites", Metals, 7(359): 1-11, (2017).
  • [47] Wang, F., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Guo, Z., and Sun, F., "Microstructure analysis, tribological correlation properties and strengthening mechanism of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites", Scientific Reports, 12(1): 1-11, (2022).
  • [48] Guler, O., and Bagci, N., "A short review on mechanical properties of graphene reinforced metal matrix composites", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3): 6808–6833, (2020).
  • [49] Dieter, G. E., Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, New York, (1986).
  • [50] Latief, F.H., and Sherif, E.S.M., "Effects of sintering temperature and graphite addition on the mechanical properties of aluminum", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18(6): 2129–2134, (2012).

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 1964 - 1979

Elif Işık , Mahmut Can Şenel , Aleyna Taşkın

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1390096

Abstract

Project Number

PYO.MUH.1901.22.008

References

  • [1] Pul, M., "Effect of ZrO2 quantity on mechanical properties of ZrO2-reinforced aluminum composites produced by the vacuum infiltration technique", Revista de Metalurgia, 57(2): e195, (2021).
  • [2] Lawal, A.T., "Graphene-based nano composites and their applications. A review", Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 141: 111384, (2019).
  • [3] Ramanathan, A., Krishnan, P.K., and Muraliraja, R., "A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting-furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities", Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 42: 213–245, (2019).
  • [4] Zhao, Z., Bai, P., Du, W., Liu, B., Pan, D., Das, R., Liu, C., and Guo, Z., "An overview of graphene and its derivatives reinforced metal matrix composites: Preparation, properties and applications", Carbon, 170: 302–326, (2020).
  • [5] Tabandeh-Khorshid, M., Omrani, E., Menezes, P.L., and Rohatgi, P.K., "Tribological performance of self-lubricating aluminum matrix nanocomposites: Role of graphene nanoplatelets", Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1): 463–469, (2016).
  • [6] Gürbüz, M., "Atık içecek kutularından üretilmiş alüminyumun mekanik özelliklerine soğuk işlemin etkisi", Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 20(58): 28–35, (2018).
  • [7] Samal, P., Vundavilli, P.R., Meher, A., and Mahapatra, M.M., "Recent progress in aluminum metal matrix composites: a review on processing, mechanical and wear properties", Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 59: 131–152, (2020).
  • [8] Aamir, M., Tolouei-Rad, M., Giasin, K., and Vafadar, A., "Machinability of Al2024, Al6061, and Al5083 alloys using multi-hole simultaneous drilling approach", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(5): 10991–11002, (2020).
  • [9] Boppana, S.B., Dayanand, S., Anil Kumar, M.R., Kumar, V., and Aravinda, T., "Synthesis and characterization of ZrO2 and graphene particle reinforced Al6061 metal matrix composites", In: Materials Today: Proceedings, 9(4): 7354–7362, (2020).
  • [10] Raghavendra, K., Shivaramakrishna, A., Basavaraj, Y., Sandeep, M.J., and Kumar, B.K.P., "Investigation on mechanical properties of Al7075 based MMC reinforced with Fe3O4", Materials Today: Proceedings, 66(4): 2080-2084, (2022).
  • [11] Al-Salihi, H.A., Mahmood, A.A., and Alalkawi, H.J., "Mechanical and wear behavior of AA7075 aluminum matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 nanoparticles", Nanocomposites, 5(3): 67–73, (2019).
  • [12] Muralidharan, N., Chockalingam, K., Kalaiselvan, K., and Nithyavathy, N., "Investigation of ZrO2 reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites by liquid metallurgy route", Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 9(2): 593-607, (2023).
  • [13] Navya, C., and Chandhrasekharareddy, M., "Development of aluminium based metal matrix composites by stir casting method", Materials Today: Proceedings, 68(5): 1685-1689, (2022).
  • [14] Dangarikar, S.U., and Dhokey, N.B., "Study of hot pressed sintering of premixed Al7075 based B4C reinforced composites on wear mechanism", Materials Today: Proceedings, 44(6): 4749–4756, (2021).
  • [15] Scaria, C.T., Pugazhenthi, R., "Effect of process parameter on synthesizing of TiC reinforced Al7075 aluminium alloy nano composites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(2): 1978–1981, (2021).
  • [16] Surya, M.S., Prasanthi, G., "Manufacturing, microstructural and mechanical characterization of powder metallurgy processed Al7075/SiC metal matrix composite", Materials Today: Proceedings, 39(4): 1175–1179, (2021).
  • [17] Dinesh Kumar, S., Selvan, T.S., Sabariraj, R.V., Muthukumar, K., Elayaraja, D., and Greesan, R., "Studies on tribological behaviour of AA8050-Si3N4 composites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 74(1): 68-72, (2023).
  • [18] Moustafa, E.B., Melaibari, A., and Basha, M., "Wear and microhardness behaviors of AA7075/SiC-BN hybrid nanocomposite surfaces fabricated by friction stir processing", Ceramics International, 46(10): 16938–16943, (2020).
  • [19] Prakash, P.B., Raju, K.B., Venkatasubbaiah, K., and Manikandan, N., "Microstructure analysis and evaluation of mechanical properties of Al 7075 GNP’s composites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(6): 14281–14291, (2018).
  • [20] Zhang, P.X., Jiang, Z., Zhang, C., and Guo, W., "Regulating microstructure, mechanical properties and electrochemical characteristic of 2024-CNTs aluminum composites via decorating nano Ni on the surface of CNTs", Diamond and Related Materials, 126: 1-13, (2022).
  • [21] Deaquino-Lara, R., Soltani, N., Bahrami, A., Gutiérrez-Castañeda, E., García-Sánchez, E., and Hernandez-Rodríguez, M.A.L., "Tribological characterization of Al7075-graphite composites fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion", Materials and Design, 67: 224–231, (2015).
  • [22] Lee, X.J., Hiew, B.Y.Z., Lai, K.C., Lee, L.Y., Gan, S., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S., and Rigby, S., "Review on graphene and its derivatives: synthesis methods and potential industrial implementation", Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 98: 163–180, (2019).
  • [23] Warner, J.H., Graphene: Fundamentals and Emergent Applications, Elsevier, UK, (2013).
  • [24] Darshan, M., Reddappa, H.N., Chandrashekar, A., and Vinod Kumar, R., "Mechanical and tribological properties of AA-7075 and graphene reinforced metal matrix composites", International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 3(7): 230-235, (2018).
  • [25] Muraliraja, R. Aranachalam, R., Al-Fori, I., Al-Maharbi, M., and Piya, S., "Development of alumina reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite with enhanced compressive strength through squeeze casting process", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 233(3): 307–314, (2018).
  • [26] Zamani, N.A.B.N., Asif Iqbal, A.K.M., Muhammad Nuruzzaman, D., "Fabrication and characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticle reinforced aluminium matrix composite via powder metallurgy", Materials Today: Proceedings, 29(1): 190–195, (2019).
  • [27] Haddad, A., Benamor, A., Chiker, N., Hadji, Y., Temmar, M., Hakem, M., Badji, R., Abdi, S., and Hadji, M., "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and tribological behavior of friction stir processed Al2O3-reinforced AA2024-T351 matrix", International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 115(5–6): 1671–1681, (2021).
  • [28] Veerappan, G., Abdi, D., Marichamy, S., Dhinakaran, V., and Sathish, S., "Investigation of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of nickel bronze alloy prepared powder metallurgy", Materials Today: Proceedings, 74(1): 44-48, (2023).
  • [29] Chen, X., Zhu, R., Yuan, Z., Gao, H., Xu, W., Xiao, G., Xu, W., and Lu, Y., "Applied surface science in-situ construction of the nanostructured TiO2/TiN composite films by induction heat treatment : improved mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties", Applied Surface Science, 614: 1-13, (2023).
  • [30] Fomin, A., Fomina, M., Koshuro, V., and Rodionov, I., "Composite metal oxide coatings on chromium-nickel stainless steel produced by induction heat treatment", Composite Structures, 229: 1-8, (2019).
  • [31] Chen, L., Qi, Y., Fei, Y., Liu, Y., and Du, Z., "GNP-reinforced Al2024 composite fabricated through powder semi-solid processing", Materials Transactions, 61(7): 1239–1246, (2020).
  • [32] Singh, P.K., "Mechanical characterization of graphene-aluminum nanocomposites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 44(1): 2304–2308, (2021).
  • [33] AbuShanab, W.S., Moustafa, E.B., Ghandourah, E., and Taha, M.A., "Effect of graphene nanoparticles on the physical and mechanical properties of the Al2024-graphene nanocomposites fabricated by powder metallurgy", Results in Physics, 19: 1-12, (2020).
  • [34] Kumar, P.G.H., and Xavior, A.M., "Effect of graphene addition on flexural properties of Al 6061 nanocomposites", Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(8): 8127–8133, (2017).
  • [35] Khan, M., Din, R.U., Wadood, A., Syed, W.H., Akhtar, S., and Aune, R.E., "Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the physical and mechanical properties of Al6061 in fabricated and T6 thermal conditions", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 790: 1076–1091, (2019).
  • [36] Chak, V., and Chattopadhyay, H., "Synthesis of graphene–aluminium matrix nanocomposites: mechanical and tribological properties", Materials Science and Technology, 37(5): 467–477, (2021).
  • [37] Xia, H.M., Zahng, L., Zhu, Y., Li, N., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., and Ma, H., "Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering", International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 27(9): 1295–1300, (2020).
  • [38] Şenel, M., and Üstün, M., "Dry sliding wear and friction behavior of graphene/ZrO2 binary nanoparticles reinforced aluminum hybrid composites", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 47(7): 9253–9269, (2022).
  • [39] Kumar, N., and Maheshwari, S., "Expounding the influence of micro/nano particles on mechanical and tribological properties of AA 7050 matrix composite: a review", Materials Today: Proceedings, 62(6): 3361–3367, (2022).
  • [40] Zhang, Z., and Chen, D.L., "Consideration of Orowan strengthening effect in particulate-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: A model for predicting their yield strength", 54(7): 1321–1326, (2006).
  • [41] Şenel, M., and Demir, M., "Effect of induction heat treatment on the mechanical propertiesof Si3N4–graphene-reinforced Al2024 hybrid composites", Bulletin of Materials Science, 45(1): 1–17, (2022).
  • [42] Chen, W., Yang, T., Dong, L., Elmasry, A., Song, J., Deng, N., Elmarakbi, A., Liu, T., Lu, H.B., and Fu, Y.Q., "Advances in graphene reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: Mechanisms, processing, modelling, properties and applications", Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering, 3(4): 189–210, (2020).
  • [43] Luo, K., Liu, S., Xiong, H., Zhang, Y., Kon, C., and Yu, H., "Mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by high-entropy alloy particles", Metals and Materials International, 28 (11): 2811–2821, (2022).
  • [44] Ghodrati, H., and Ghomashchi, R., "Effect of graphene dispersion and interfacial bonding on the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites: an overview", FlatChem, 16: 1-22, (2019).
  • [45] Kang, Y.C., and Chan S.L., "Tensile properties of nanometric Al2O3 particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 85(2–3): 438–443, (2004).
  • [46] Ma, P., Jia, Y., Gokuldoss, P.K., Yu, Z., Yang, S., Zhao, J., and Li, C., "Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles as reinforcement on the tensile behavior of Al-12Si composites", Metals, 7(359): 1-11, (2017).
  • [47] Wang, F., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Guo, Z., and Sun, F., "Microstructure analysis, tribological correlation properties and strengthening mechanism of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites", Scientific Reports, 12(1): 1-11, (2022).
  • [48] Guler, O., and Bagci, N., "A short review on mechanical properties of graphene reinforced metal matrix composites", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3): 6808–6833, (2020).
  • [49] Dieter, G. E., Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, New York, (1986).
  • [50] Latief, F.H., and Sherif, E.S.M., "Effects of sintering temperature and graphite addition on the mechanical properties of aluminum", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18(6): 2129–2134, (2012).
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Design and Behaviors, Metals and Alloy Materials
Journal Section Mechanical Engineering
Authors

Elif Işık 0000-0001-8289-9512

Mahmut Can Şenel 0000-0001-7897-1366

Aleyna Taşkın 0000-0002-8308-9957

Project Number PYO.MUH.1901.22.008
Early Pub Date May 18, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date November 13, 2023
Acceptance Date March 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 37 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Işık, E., Şenel, M. C., & Taşkın, A. (n.d.). Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites. Gazi University Journal of Science, 37(4), 1964-1979. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1390096
AMA Işık E, Şenel MC, Taşkın A. Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites. Gazi University Journal of Science. 37(4):1964-1979. doi:10.35378/gujs.1390096
Chicago Işık, Elif, Mahmut Can Şenel, and Aleyna Taşkın. “Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites”. Gazi University Journal of Science 37, no. 4 n.d.: 1964-79. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1390096.
EndNote Işık E, Şenel MC, Taşkın A Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites. Gazi University Journal of Science 37 4 1964–1979.
IEEE E. Işık, M. C. Şenel, and A. Taşkın, “Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1964–1979, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1390096.
ISNAD Işık, Elif et al. “Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites”. Gazi University Journal of Science 37/4 (n.d.), 1964-1979. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1390096.
JAMA Işık E, Şenel MC, Taşkın A. Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites. Gazi University Journal of Science.;37:1964–1979.
MLA Işık, Elif et al. “Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1964-79, doi:10.35378/gujs.1390096.
Vancouver Işık E, Şenel MC, Taşkın A. Investigation of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al2024/6061/7075-Graphene Composites. Gazi University Journal of Science. 37(4):1964-79.