An Investigation of the Impact of Distributed Generation Penetration on Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination in a Distribution Network

Year 2023, , 301 - 309, 29.09.2023

Alişan Ayvaz

https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1332535

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Distributed generation units (DGs) are rapidly becoming widespread in distribution systems due to their advantages such as power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, and economic returns. Many researchers seek new ways to maximize their these advantages. However, their impact on the fault current is a problem for the field of power system protection. The changes in the short-circuit currents due to DGs cause the miscoordination of the directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). In this paper, the impact of distribution generation penetration on DOCR coordination is analyzed and investigated. Besides this negative impact of DGs, their contributions to reducing power loss and improving the voltage profile are also analyzed for different DG penetration levels. The gazelle optimization algorithm is utilized to solve the DOCR coordination problem studied in this paper. The method is performed on the distribution section of the IEEE 14-bus system. It is seen that a significant number of miscoordinations occur when even the DG penetration is increased by about 10%. With the increase in DG penetration, the number of miscoordinations does not increase proportionally, but there is a proportional increase in active and reactive power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement.

Keywords

DOCR Coordination, Distributed Generators, Voltage Profile Improvement, Power Loss Reduction, Gazelle Optimization Algorithm

References

• Abdelhamid, M., Houssein, E. H., Mahdy, M. A., Selim, A., & Kamel, S. (2022). An improved seagull optimization algorithm for optimal coordination of distance and directional over-current relays. Expert Systems with Applications, 200, 116931. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116931
• Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., & Zitar, R. A. (2022). Orthogonal learning Rosenbrock’s direct rotation with the gazelle optimization algorithm for global optimization. Mathematics, 10(23), 4509. doi:10.3390/math10234509
• Agushaka, J. O., Ezugwu, A. E., & Abualigah, L. (2023). Gazelle optimization algorithm: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic optimizer. Neural Computing and Applications, 35(5), 4099-4131. doi:10.1007/s00521-022-07854-6
• Ayvaz, A. (2022). Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Chameleon Swarm Algorithm. In: 2nd International Black Sea Modern Scientific Research Congress, Rize, (pp. 63-71).
• Ayvaz, A., & Istemihan Genc, V. M. (2020). Information‐gap decision theory based transient stability constrained optimal power flow considering the uncertainties of wind energy resources. IET Renewable Power Generation, 14(11), 1946-1955. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1367
• Christie, R. D. (1993). Power system test cases. (Accessed:10/07/2023) URL:http://labs.ece.uw.edu/pstca/
• Draz, A., Elkholy, M. M., & El-Fergany, A. A. (2021). Slime mould algorithm constrained by the relay operating time for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using multiple standardized tripping curves. Neural Computing and Applications, 33(18), 11875-11887. doi:10.1007/s00521-021-05879-x
• Elmitwally, A., Kandil, M. S., Gouda, E., & Amer, A. (2020). Mitigation of DGs impact on variable-topology meshed network protection system by optimal fault current limiters considering overcurrent relay coordination. Electric Power Systems Research, 186, 106417. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106417
• Fayoud, A. B., Sharaf, H. M., & Ibrahim, D. K. (2022). Optimal coordination of DOCRs in interconnected networks using shifted user-defined two-level characteristics. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 142(Part A), 108298. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108298
• Grainger, J., & Stevenson, W. (1994) Power System Analysis. McGraw-Hill.
• Narimani, A., & Hashemi-Dezaki, H. (2021). Optimal stability-oriented protection coordination of smart grid’s directional overcurrent relays based on optimized tripping characteristics in double-inverse model using high-set relay. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 133, 107249. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107249
• Perveen, R., Kishor, N., & Mohanty, S. R. (2016). Fault detection and optimal coordination of overcurrent relay in offshore wind farm connected to onshore grid with VSC–HVDC. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 26(4), 841-863. doi:10.1002/etep.2111
• Saleh, K. A., Zeineldin, H. H., Al-Hinai, A., & El-Saadany, E. F. (2015). Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a new time–current–voltage characteristic. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 30(2), 537-544. doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2341666
• Shih, M. Y., Enríquez, A. C., & Treviño, L. M. T. (2014). On-line coordination of directional overcurrent relays: Performance evaluation among optimization algorithms. Electric Power Systems Research, 110, 122-132. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2014.01.013
• Yu, J., Kim, C.-H., & Rhee, S.-B. (2019). Oppositional Jaya algorithm with distance-adaptive coefficient in solving directional over current relays coordination problem. IEEE Access, 7, 150729-150742. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2947626