Abrasion Behavior of Natural Aggregates and Slags in Turkey Aided by Micro-Deval Test

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 451 - 462, 30.09.2024

İslam Gokalp , Volkan Uz

https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1521679

Abstract

The properties of aggregates over their lifetime vary depending on their petrographic origin, procurement and sampling methodologies, regional characteristics and testing procedures. This study was designed to investigate the short and long-term wear properties of aggregates, including slags, using a simple, effective and inexpensive Micro-Deval (MD) test. To accomplish this, ten types of products were obtained from different regions, including natural aggregates and slags of different origin. The aggregates were abraded with different MD drum speeds ranging from 5250 to 52500 in accordance with ASTM D6928 standard. Percentage mass losses (PML) were determined after the treatments to analyze the extent of abrasion caused by short and long term abrasive forces depending on the aggregate type. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of representative aggregates were taken to monitor the effect of abrasion on aggregate microstructure. According to the results, the PML of natural aggregates was observed significantly higher than that of slags, and the PML of slags after certain abrasion treatment tends to be stable, but not for natural ones. Based on regression analyses, a strong relationship between PML for individual aggregates was calculated, but a weak relationship was found based on the origin of the samples and total samples. SEM images taken from the surface of the aggregates confirmed the compatibility of the PML results with the abrasion characteristics showing the current situation.

Keywords

Abrasion Resistance, Micro Deval, Slags, Natural Aggregate, Durability

Ethical Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TÜBİTAK

Project Number

215M049

Thanks

The Department of Chief Engineering of Research and Development of 5th Regional Directorate of Highways within General Directorate of Highways for providing some of the test samples and for assistance.

References

• Aslani, A., Hachem-Vermette, C., & Zahedi, R. (2023). Environmental impact assessment and potentials of material efficiency using by-products and waste materials. Construction and Building Materials, 378, 131197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131197
• ASTM (2012). Standard Test Method for Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate (ASTM D4791).
• ASTM (2017). Standard Test Method for Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to Degradation by Abrasion in the Micro-Deval Apparatus (ASTM D6928-17).
• Cafiso, S., & Taormina, S. (2007). Texture analysis of aggregates for wearing courses in asphalt pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 8(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430600898307
• EN (2007). Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence (EN 15309).
• Gao, J., Sha, A., Wang, Z., Tong, Z., & Liu, Z. (2017). Utilization of steel slag as aggregate in asphalt mixtures for microwave deicing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 152, 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.113
• Gökalp, I., Uz, V. E., & Saltan, M. (2016). Testing the abrasion resistance of aggregates including by-products by using Micro Deval apparatus with different standard test methods. Construction and Building Materials, 123, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.141
• Gökalp, İ., Uz, V. E., Saltan, M., & Tutumluer, E. (2018). Technical and environmental evaluation of metallurgical slags as aggregate for sustainable pavement layer applications. Transportation Geotechnics, 14, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2017.10.003
• Kwon, J., Kim, S.-H., Tutumluer, E., & Wayne, M. H. (2017). Characterisation of unbound aggregate materials considering physical and morphological properties. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 18(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1065997
• Lane, D. S., Druta, C., Wang, L., & Xue, W. (2011). Modified micro-deval procedure for evaluating the polishing tendency of coarse aggregates. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2232(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.3141/2232-04
• Mahmoud, E., & Masad, E. (2007). Experimental methods for the evaluation of aggregate resistance to polishing, abrasion, and breakage. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(11), 977-985. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:11(977)
• Omary, S., Ghorbel, E., & Wardeh, G. (2015, September 21-23). Physical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Demolition Gravels Submitted to Freeze/Thaw in Comparison to Natural Ones. In: C.Hellmich, B. Pichler, & J. Kollegger (Eds.) Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mechanics and Physics of Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability of Concrete and Concrete Structures, CONCREEP 10 (pp. 833-842). American Society of Civil Engineers, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479346.099
• Ortiz, E. M., & Mahmoud, E. (2014). Experimental procedure for evaluation of coarse aggregate polishing resistance. Transportation Geotechnics, 1(3), 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.001
• Pasetto, M., Baliello, A., Giacomello, G., & Pasquini, E. (2023). The use of steel slags in asphalt pavements: A state-of-the-art review. Sustainability, 15(11), 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118817
• Saghafi, M., Abdallah, I. N., Ahmad, M., Nazarian, S., & Herrera, C. (2024). Correlating Aggregate Friction Test Results Under Accelerated Laboratory Polishing and Aggregate Crushing. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 17(2), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-022-00245-z
• Shabani, S., Ahmadinejad, M., & Ameri, M. (2013). Developing a model for estimation of polished stone value (PSV) of road surface aggregates based on petrographic parameters. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 14(3), 242-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2012.693179
• Strzałkowski, P., & Kaźmierczak, U. (2021). Wear and fragmentation resistance of mineral aggregates—a review of micro-Deval and Los Angeles tests. Materials, 14(18), 5456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185456
• Tutumluer, E., & Pan, T. (2008). Aggregate morphology affecting strength and permanent deformation behavior of unbound aggregate materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(9), 617-627. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:9(617)
• Wang, D., Wang, H., Bu, Y., Schulze, C., & Oeser, M. (2015). Evaluation of aggregate resistance to wear with Micro-Deval test in combination with aggregate imaging techniques. Wear, 338-339, 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2015.07.002
• Yildirim, I. Z., & Prezzi, M. (2011). Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of steel slag. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2011, 463638. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/463638
• Yonar, F., & Dikbaş, H. A. (2022). Çelikhane Cürufunun Türkiye’de Balastalti Malzemesi Olarak Kullanilabilirliğinin Ulusal Ve Uluslararasi Şartnameler Kapsaminda Değerlendirilmesi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 439-469. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1184990