Investigation of the Effect of Anxiety and Loneliness on State Nomophobia Using Experience Sampling Method

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 766 - 785, 09.10.2023

Özge Enez

Öz

The present study was conducted to investigate how university students experience nomophobia in daily life (state nomophobia), and how their trait-based characteristics and temporal characteristics impact nomophobia. The initial aim was to investigate whether state-based psychological constructs (anxiety and loneliness) and trait-based psychological constructs (nomophobia, anxiety and loneliness) predict state nomophobia. The second aim was to investigate whether state nomophobia scores were higher on weekdays than on weekends, and the effect of being nomophobic on this relationship. In this study, two groups were created (non-nomophobic/nomophobic) (N= 40) and the experience sampling method was used. Data were collected with standard measurement tools and momentary assessments via the PIEL Survey smartphone application. For the analysis, hierarchical linear modelling was performed. The findings showed that state anxiety, trait anxiety and trait loneliness significantly predicted state nomophobia, but state loneliness failed to predict state nomophobia. The difference between weekend state nomophobia scores and weekday scores was not statistically significant. However, the effect of being nomophobic was significant, indicating that nomophobic individuals experience more intense state nomophobia symptoms at weekends than non-nomophobic individuals. The findings suggest that momentary assessments should be used to make inferences about the causes of state nomophobia experienced in daily life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, Experience sampling method, Hierarchical linear modelling, Loneliness, Nomophobia

Anksiyete ve Yalnızlığın Durumsal Nomofobi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Deneyim Örnekleme Yöntemi Kullanılarak Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinin günlük hayatta yaşadıkları nomofobi semptomlarını (durumsal nomofobi) araştırmayı ve bu semptomlara yol açabilecek durumsal ve sürekli psikolojik yapıları belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın ilk amacı, durumsal psikolojik yapıların (anksiyete ve yalnızlık) ve sürekli psikolojik yapıların (nomofobi, anksiyete ve yalnızlık) durumsal nomofobi üzerindeki öngörücü etkisini araştırmaktır. İkinci amaç ise durumsal nomofobi semptomlarının hafta içi günlerde hafta sonu günlere göre daha yoğun olup olmadığını ve nomofobik olmanın bu yoğunluk üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada iki grup oluşturulmuş (nomofobik olmayan/nomofobik) (N= 40) ve deneyim örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, standart ölçüm araçları ve PIEL Survey telefon uygulaması üzerinden anlık değerlendirmeler ile toplanmıştır. Analiz için hiyerarşik doğrusal modelleme kullanılmıştır. Bulgular; durumsal anksiyete, sürekli anksiyete ve sürekli yalnızlığın durumsal nomofobiyi öngördüğünü, ancak durumsal yalnızlığın durumsal nomofobiyi öngörmediğini göstermiştir. Hafta sonu durumsal nomofobi puanları ile hafta içi durumsal nomofobi puanları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir; fakat nomofobik bireylerin nomofobik olmayan bireylere göre hafta sonlarında daha yoğun durumsal nomofobi semptomları deneyimlediği bulunmuştur. Bulgular, günlük hayatta deneyimlenen durumsal nomofobinin nedenleri hakkında çıkarımlarda bulunmak için anlık değerlendirmelerin kullanılması gerektiğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete, Deneyim örnekleme yöntemi, Hiyerarşik doğrusal modelleme, Nomofobi, Yalnızlık

Kaynakça

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