İstanbul’un Kent Topraklarında Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonların (PAHs) Birikimi ve Kökenleri Üzerine Bir Ön Araştırma

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 173 - 179, 15.01.2019

Esra Billur Balcıoğlu , Filiz Ekim Çevik Abdullah Aksu

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.408740

Abstract

Polisiklik
aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH), kentsel çevrede en ciddi kirletici grupları
arasında yer alır. Kentsel topraklardaki PAH konsantrasyonları doğal ortam
topraklarındakilere oranla 10 kat daha fazladır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’
un farklı ilçelerinden alınan toprak örneklerinde bulunan PAH’ların
kontaminasyonları ve kökenleri üzerine ön verileri ortaya koymaktır.
İstanbul’un yedi farklı ilçesinde toplamda 23 istasyondan 2015 yılının Temmuz
ayında yüzey toprağı örneği alınmıştır. Örneklerde sekiz PAH bileşeni tayin edilmiş
ve toplam konsantrasyonlar 0.12 ile 29.4 µg kg^-1 aralığında
değişiklik göstermiştir. En yüksek toplam PAH (Σ₈PAH)
konsantrasyonları yol kenarlarında ve sanayi bölgelerine yakın yerlerde tespit
edilmiştir. Kökenlerin pirolitik ve/veya petrojenik olduğunu tayin etmek için
fenantrenin antrasene ve florantenin pirene oranları kullanılmıştır. Yalnızca
iki ilçenin tüm istasyonlarında kökenler pirolitik olarak bulunmuştur.
Pirolitik kökenler motorlu taşıt egzozları, endüstriyel faaliyetler ve kömür yanmasıyla
ilgilidir. Bu veriler ilerideki izleme çalışmaları için veri tabanı
oluşturmakta ve PAH’larla kirlenmiş toprakların insan sağlığı üzerinde
risklerin değerlendirilmesi için kullanılabilmektedir.  

Keywords

İstanbul, Polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH), Toprak kirliliği

A Preliminary Study on Accumulations and Origins of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Soils of Istanbul

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one group
of the most serious pollutants in urban environment. Concentration of PAHs in
urban soils is 10 times higher than that in natural soils. The aim of this
study is to give preliminary data on contaminations and the origins of PAHs in
soil samples obtained from various towns of Istanbul. Totally 23 top-soil
samples collected in main urban areas in seven towns of Istanbul, Turkey in July
of 2015. Samples were analyzed for eight PAHs and the total concentrations
ranged from 0.12 to 29.4 µg kg^-1 for Σ₈PAHs. The highest ΣPAHs concentrations were found at
roadsides and industrial sites. The ratios of phenanthrene to anthracene and
fluoranthene to pyrene were used to identify pyrolytic and petrogenic sources
to determine the sources of PAHs. Only all stations of two towns in Istanbul
show pyrolytic source. These sources included motor vehicle exhausts,
industrial activities and coal burning. These data is a database for further
monitoring studies and can be used to assess the health risk associated with
soils polluted with PAHs.

Keywords

İstanbul, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Soil pollution

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