Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) ve Gemfibrozil’in Farklı Buğday Varyetelerinin Mineral Alımı ve H2O2 İçeriği Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 239 - 246, 15.04.2019

Etem Osma , Nuray Güloğlu Eda Türkoğlu Müjgen Elveren

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.347865

Abstract

Bu çalışma
ile Tıbbi İlaç ve Kişisel Bakım Ürünleri (PPCPs)’nin Ahmetağa, Cemre ve
Michelangelo buğday varyeteleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada
günlük hayatta sıklıkla tüketilen acetaminophen ve gemfibrozil olmak üzere iki
farklı tıbbi ilaç etken maddesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma için ekim yapılacak
toprağa, 50, 100 ve 250 mg olacak şekilde acetaminophen ve gemfibrozil
karıştırılmıştır. İlaç etken maddesi ile karıştırılmış 650 g toprağın üzerine
her bir varyeteden 7 g buğday tohumu ekilmiş, bunun üzeri ise 100 g toprak ile
kaplanmıştır. Tarla kapasitesine uygun olarak buğdaylar belirli aralıklarla
sulanarak, 15 gün yetiştirildikten sonra hasat edilmiştir. Hasat edilen
örneklere ekstraksiyon işlemi yapıldıktan sonra, örneklerde H₂O₂
içeriği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, buğday örnekleri ön işlemlerden geçirildikten
sonra mineral element konsantrasyonları ICP-OES’te analiz edilmiştir. Kontrol
örnekleri ile test örnekleri arasındaki ilişki %95 güven aralığında,
istatistiksel olarak ANOVA testi ile değerlendirilmiş, anlamlı farklılıklar
tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, acetaminophen ve gemfibrozil uygulanan örneklerde
konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında
buğdayların mineral element alımında azalma gözlenirken, H₂O₂
içeriğinde artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. 

Keywords

Acetaminophen, Buğday, Gemfibrozil, ICP-OES, Mineral element

Effects of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Gemfibrozil on Mineral Uptake and H2O2 Content of Different Wheat Varieties

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Pharmaceuticals and
Personal Care Products (PPCPs) on wheat varieties of Ahmetağa, Cemre and
Michelangelo. Two different active pharmaceuticals substances acetaminophen and
gemfibrozil, which are frequently consumed in daily life, were used in the
study. For study, acetaminophen and gemfibrozil were mixed with soil as
follows: 50, 100, and 250 mg. 7 g of wheat seeds were planted from each
varieties on each 650 gr of soil that mixed with the pharmaceuticals substance, then covered with 100 gr of soil.
The wheat was irrigated at certain intervals in accordance with the field
capacity and harvested after 15 days. After extracting the harvested wheats,
the content of H₂O₂ in the samples were determined.
Moreover, wheat samples were analyzed by ICP-OES for mineral element
concentrations after pre-treatment. The relationship between control samples and
test samples was evaluated statistically at 95% confidence interval, and
significant differences were determined. In the study, it was determined that
there was an increase in the H₂O₂ content in parallel
with a decrease in mineral element uptake of wheat samples treated with
increase amount of acetaminophen and gemfibrozil when compared to the control
group.

Keywords

Acetaminophen, Gemfibrozil, ICP-OES, Mineral element, Wheat

References

• Brady, N.C., Weil, R.R., 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soils”, ISBN: 978-0-13-227938-3. Pearson Prentice Hal Inc., New Jersey USA, 1-965.
• Chenxi, W., Alison L.S., Jason D.W., Maruthi Sridhar, B.B. 2012. Transfer of wastewater associated pharmaceuticals and personal care products to crop plants from biosolids treated soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 85, 104–109.
• Çığır, Y. 2016. Tıbbi İlaçlar ve Kişisel Bakım Ürünlerinin (PPCPS), Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Üzerinde Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri. Erzincan Üniversitesi Erzincan Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 48.
• Daughton, C.G., Ternes, T.A., 1999. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of Subtle Change. Environmental Health Perspect, 107, 907– 942.
• Dodgen, L.K., Li, J., Parker, D., Gan, J.J., 2013. Uptake and accumulation of four PPCP/EDCs in two leafy vegetables. Enviromental Pollution, 182, 150-156.
• Dolliver, H., Kumar, K., Gupta, S., 2007. Sulfamethazine uptake by plants from manure-amended soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36, 1224–1230.
• Heberer, T. 2002. Occurrence, Fate, And Removal Of Pharmaceutical Residues In The Aquatic Environment: A Review Of Recent Research Data. Toxicology Letters, 131 (1/2), 5–17.
• Gottschall, N., Tpp. E., Metcalfe, C., Edwards, M., Payne, M., Kleywegt, S., Russell, P., 2012. Pharmaceutical and personal care products in groundwater, subsurface drainage, soil, and wheat grain, following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field. Chemosphere, 87, 194-203.
• He, Y.L., Liu, Y.L., Cao, W.X., Huai, M.F., Xu, B.G., Huang, B.G., 2005. Effects of salicylic acid on heat tolerance associated with antioxidant metabolism in Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Science, 45, 988–995.
• Jing, A., Qixing, Z., Fuhong, S., Lei, Z., 2009. Ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Hazardous materials, 30, 751-757.
• Kaçar, B., Katkat, A. V., 2011. Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayınları. (5. Baskı), 1-678. Karnjanapiboonwong, A., Morse, A.N., Maul, J.D., Anderson, T.A., 2010. Sorption of estrogens, triclosan, and caffeine in a sandy loam and a silt loam soil. Journal of Soils Sediments 10, 1300–1307.
• Karnjanapiboonwong, A., Chase, D.A., Can˜as, J.E., Jackson, W.E. Maul, J.D., Morse, A.N., Anderson, T.A., 2011. Uptake of 17a-ethynylestradiol and triclosan in pinto bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74, 1336–1342.
• Kızılgöz, İ., Sakin, E., Öztürkmen, A.R., Almaca, A., 2011. Tuzlu ve Tuzsuz Topraklarda Yetiştirilen Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Bitkisinin Makro ve Mikro Element Kapsamlarının Karşılaştırılması. U. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 19-30.
• Kummerová, M., Zezulka, Š., Babula, P., Tříska, J. 2016. Possible ecological risk of two pharmaceuticals diclofenac and paracetamol demonstrated on a model plant Lemna minor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 302, 351-361.
• Liu, F., Ying, G.G., Yang, L.H., Zhou, Q.X., 2009. Terrestrial ecotoxicological effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72, 86–92.
• Musolff, A., Leschik, S., Moder, M., Strauch, G., Reinstorf, F., Schirmer, M. 2009. Temporal and spatial patterns of micropollutants in urban receiving waters. Environmental Pollution, 157, 3069-3077.
• Osma E., İlhan V, Yalçın İ.E. 2014. Heavy metals accumulation causes toxicological effects in aquatic Typha domingensis Pers. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 37(4), 461-467.
• Osma E., Elveren M, Türkoğlu E, Yavuzer H., Çığır Y. 2017. Tıbbi İlaçlar ve Kişisel Bakım Ürünlerinin (PPCPs) Triticum aestivum L. Üzerinde Antioksidan Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 535-541.
• Pedersen, J.A., Soliman, M., Suffet I.H.M., 2005. Human pharmaceuticals, hor- mones, and personal care product ingredients in runoff from agricultural fields irrigated with treated wastewater. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 1625–1632.
• Stevens, K.J., Kim, S.Y., Adhikari, S., Vadapalli, V., Venables, B.J. 2009. Effects of triclosan on seed germination and seedling development of three wetland plants: Sesbania herbacea, Eclipta prostrata, and Bidens frondosa. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28, 2598–2609.
• Suárez, S., Carballa, M., Omil, F., Lema, J.M., 2008. How are pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) removed from urban wastewaters? Reviews in Enviromental Science and Bio/Technology, 7(2), 125-138.
• Ternes, T.A., 1998. Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers. Water Research, 32(11), 3245–3260.
• Topal, M., Uslu, G., E.I.A., Topal, Öbek, E. 2012. Antibiyotiklerin Kaynakları ve Çevresel Etkileri. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 137-152.
• URL-1, 2017. http://baserun.com.tr/yari-sert-budaylar.html.
• URL-2, 2017. http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/gaputaem.
• URL-3, 2017. http://www.semilatohum.com/portfolio/michelangelo.
• URL-4, 2018. https://www.drugs.com/gemfibrozil.html
• URL-5, 2018. https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html
• Weilin, LS., Thomas, M.D., 2015. Ractopamine up take by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) from soil. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(34), 86-92.
• Wu, C., Spongberg, A.L., Witter, J.D., Fang, M., Czajkowski, K.P., 2010. Uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products by soybean plants from soils applied with biosolids and irrigated with contaminated water. Environmental Science and Technology, 44, 6157–616.