Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

SOSYAL AĞLAR VE ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİM İLİŞKİSİNDE OLUMSUZ BAĞLARIN ETKİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 19, 95 - 109, 11.08.2021

Abstract

Sosyal ağlar örgütlere çeşitli olanaklar sunarken aynı zamanda kısıtlarda barındıran ilişkilerden oluşur. Örgütsel ağ çalışmalarının çoğu olumsuz bağlar neticesinde ortaya çıkan ayrıştırıcı faktörleri göz ardı ederek, ilişkisel güçleri yansıtan bağlar üzerinden elde edilen olumlu ilişki ve bağlara odaklanmaktadır. Örgütsel ağlardaki olumsuz bağlar çeşitli örgütlerarası olayları ve ilişkileri açıklamak üzere bir takım çalışmalara konu edilmişse de bu çalışmalarda örgütsel değişim üzerindeki etkilerin ele alınmadığı görülmektedir. Örgüt içinde bir bireyin sahip olduğu sosyal ağ bireye fayda sağlayabileceği gibi kariyerine zarar da verebilir. Bu görüşlerden yola çıkarak bu çalışmada amaçlanan örgütsel ağların değişim üzerindeki etkilerini olumsuz bağlar üzerinden ele alarak yorumsamacı araştırma bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Yorumsamacı yaklaşımı, mevcut literatürde belirtilen kavramların teorik ilişkisinin ilk kez ortaya koyulmasına yönelik kavramla ilgili çok fazla bilgi olmadığı durumlarda kuramsal açıklamalarla araştırma sorularına cevap aramaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacıyla uyumlu olarak öncelikle değişim ve örgütsel ağlarla ilgili yazında yer alan temel bilgiler irdelenmiş ve bu iki konu arasındaki ilişkinin olumsuz bağlar göz önünde bulundurulmak suretiyle belirlenmesine yönelik önermeler geliştirilmiştir.

References

  • ALAN, Hale (2017), “Bilgi Yaratımı Sürecinde Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Bilişim Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Uluslararası Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12 (2), 111-123
  • ALDRICH, Howard E. (1999), Organizational Evolving, London: Sage Publication Ltd.
  • AMBURGEY, Terry L. ve Hayagreeva RAO (1996), “Organizational ecology: Past, present and future directions”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1265-1286.
  • BALDWIN, Timothy T.; Michael D. BEDELL ve Jonathan L. JOHNSON (1997), The Social Fabric of A Team-Based M.B.A. Program: Network Effects On Student Satisfaction and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1369-1397.
  • BASIM, H. Nejat.; Harun ŞEŞEN ve Fatih ÇETIN (2009), “Değişim ve Örgütler”, iç A.Kadir VAROĞLU, ve H. Nejat BASIM (Ed.), Örgütlerde Değişim ve Öğrenme. Ankara: Siyasal Yayınları, 13- 43.
  • BAUM, Joel A.C ve Jitendra V. SINGH (1994), “Organizational hierarchies and evolutionary process”, Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations, New York: Oxford University Press, 3-19.
  • BAUM, Joel. A. C. ve Paul INGRAM, (2002), “Interorganizational Learning and Network Organization: Toward a Behavioral Theory Of The Interfirm”. iç. Mie AUGIER, ve James G. MARCH (Ed.), The Economics of Choice, Change, and Organization: Essays in Memory of Richard M. Cyert. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 191-218.
  • BATTILANA, Julie ve Tizian CASCIARO (2013), “Overcoming Resistance to Organizational Change Strong Ties and Affective Cooptation”, Management Science, 59(4), 819–836.
  • BLAU, Peter. M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
  • BONACICH, Phillip ve Paulette LLOYD (2004), “Calculating Status With Negative Relations”, Social Networks, 26(4), 331 - 338.
  • BORGATTI, Stephen. P. ve Pacey C. FOSTER “The Network Paradigm In Organizational Research: A Review And Typology”. Journal of Management, 29(6), 991-1013.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (1981), “Structural Relationships, Job Characteristics, and Worker Satisfaction and Performance”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(3), 331–348.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (2001), “Social Capital and Organizational Leadership”. iç. Stephen. J. ZACARRO ve Richard KLIMOSKI (Ed.), The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series. The Nature Of Organizational Leadership: Understanding The Performance İmperatives Confronting Today's Leaders, Josey-Bass, 132-152.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (2011), “A Social Network Perspective on Industrial/Organizational Psychology”, Handbook Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, 107-117.
  • BURNES, Bernard (2004), Managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Organisational Dynamics, 4 th edn. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
  • CSABA, Zoltán László ve Judit PÁL (2010), “How Negative Networks Are Forming and Changing in Time? Theoretical Overview and Empirical Analysis in Two High-school Classes”, Review of Sociology 20(2), 69–95.
  • DAFT, Richard. L. (2005), Management, 6th Edition, . Thomas South Western:Chennai.
  • DILLARD, Joseph P. ve Janie FRITZ, (1995), Interpersonal Relationships And Organizational Performance. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Western Speech Communication Association, Portland OR.
  • DIMAGGIO, Paul J. ve Walter W. POWELL (1983), “Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality In Organizational Fields”. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
  • DRUCKER, Peter F. (1999), 21. Yüzyıl İçin Yönetim Tartışmaları, İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • EASLEY, David ve Jon KLEINBERG (2010), “Positive and Negative Relationships”. Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World. Cambridge University Press, 119-152.
  • EINARSEN, Stale (2000), “Harassment and Bullying at Work. A Review of the Scandinavian Approach” Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379-401.
  • EKEH, Peter. P. (1968), “Issues in Exchange Theory”, Berkeley Journal of Sociology. Vol.13: 42-58.
  • EVERETT, Martin G. ve Stephen. P BORGATTI (2014), “Networks containing negative ties”, Social Networks, Volume 38: 111-120.
  • FEDOR, Donald B.; Steven CALDWEL ve David M. HEROLD (2006), “The Effects of Organizational Changes on Employee Commitment: A Multilevel Investigation”, Personnel Psychology Journal, Vol. 59, No. 1, 1-29.
  • FERREIRA, Manuel. P. ve Sungru ARMAGAN (2011), “Using social networks theory as a complementary perspective to the study of organizational change”. Brazilian Administration Review, 8(2), 168-184.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1973), “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology. 78:6, 1360–380.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1985), “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness”, American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481–510.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1992), “Problems of explanation in economic sociology” iç: Nitin NOHRIA, ve Robert G. ECCLES (Ed.), Networks and Organizations, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 25-56.
  • GULATI, Ranjay (1995), “Social Structure And Alliance Formation Patterns: A Longitudinal Analysis”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 619-652.
  • GULATI, Ranjay (1998), “Alliances and networks”. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 293-317.
  • GULATI, Ranjay; Dania A. DIALDIN ve Lihua WANG (2002), “Organizational Networks”. iç. Joel. A. C. BAUM (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell 281-303,
  • GULATI, Ranjay ve Martin GARGIULO (1999), “Where do Interorganizational Networks Come From?” The American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1439-1493.
  • HANNAN, Michael T. ve John FREEMAN (1977), “The population ecology of organizations”, American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929-964.
  • HARRIGAN, Nicholas M., Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA ve Filip AGNEESSENS (2020), “Negative Ties And Signed Graphs Research: Stimulating Research On Dissociative Forces In Social Networks”. Social Networks, 60, 1–10.
  • HEIDER, Florian (1946), “Attitudes and Cognitive Organization”, Journal of Psychology, 21, 107-12.
  • HEİDER, Florian (1958), The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley.
  • HUITSING, Gijs; Marijtje, A. J. VAN DUİJN; Tom A.B. SNIJDERS; Peng WANG; Miia SAINIO; Christina SALMIVALLI ve Rene VEENSTRA (2012), “Univariate and Multivariate Models of Positive and Negative Networks: Liking, Disliking, and Bully–victim Relationships”. Social Networks, 34, 645–657
  • KLEIN, Katherine. J.; Beng-Chong LIM; Jessica L. SALTZ ve David M. MAYER (2004), How Do They Get There? An Examination of the Antecedents Of Centrality in Team Networks, Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 952-963.
  • KRACKHARDT, David ve Martin KILDUFF (1999), “Whether Close Or Far: Social Distance Effects On Perceived Balance In Friendship Networks” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 770-782
  • KRACKHARDT, David ve Robert N. STERN (1988), “Informal Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental Simulation”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51(2), 123–140.
  • LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe) (2014), “Negative Ties in Organizational Networks.” Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks Vol. 40, 239-259. LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe) ve Daniel J. BRASS (2006), “Exploring the Social Ledger: Negative Relationships and Negative Asymmetry in Social Networks in Organizations.” Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 596–614.
  • LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe); Daniel J. BRASS ve Barbara GRAY (1998), “Social Networks and Perceptions of Intergroup Conflict: The Role of Negative Relationships and Third Parties.” Academy of Management Journal, 41, 55-67
  • LUNENBURG Fred C. (2010), “Approaches to Managing Organizational Change”, International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-10.
  • MARCH, James G. (1994), Primer On Decision Making: How Decisions Happen. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • MARINEAU, Joshua E. ve Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA (2021), “Positive and Negative Tie Perceptual Accuracy Pollyanna Principle vs. Negative Asymmetry Explanations”. Social Networks, 64, 83–98.
  • MYERS, Piers; Sally HULKS ve Liz WIGGINS (2012), Organizational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
  • MIDDENTS, Gerald J. (1990), “Psychological Perspectives on Enemy-Making”, Organization Development Journal, Summer, 44-48.
  • MORAN, John ve Baird K. BRIGHTMAN (2001), “Leading Organizational Change”, Career Development International, Vol. 6, No. 2, 111-118.
  • MORRISON, Rachel L. ve NOLAN, Terry (2007), “Negative Relationships in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study”, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 4 (3), 203 – 221.
  • NAEEM, Muhammed (2020), “Using social networking applications to facilitate change implementation processes: insights from organizational change stakeholders.” Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 26 No. 7, 1979-1998.
  • NELSON, Reed E. (1989), “The Strength of Strong Ties: Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict in Organizations”, Academy of Management Journal, 32 (2), 377-401.
  • PEETERS, Guido ve Janusz CZAPINSKI (1990), “Positive-Negative Asymmetry in Evaluations: The Distinction Between Affective and Informational Negativity Effects.” European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 33–60.
  • PFEFFER, Jeffrey ve Gerald R. SALANCIK (1978), The External Control of Organizations. New York: Harper & Row
  • PFEFFER, Jeffrey (1994), Competitive Advantage Through People: Unleashing The Power of Workforce, Boston: Harvard Business School.
  • PIETINALHO, Lauri (2008), “Evolution of interorganizational networks: Evidence from pulp and paper industry in 1992–2006,” Helsinki University of Technology, Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences master thesis
  • PITTAWAY, Luke; Maxine ROBERTSON; Kamal MUNIR; David DENYER ve Andy NEELY (2004), “Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review Of The Evidence”. International Journal of Management Reviews, 5/6 (3&4), 137-168.
  • PRELL, Christina (2012), Social Network Analysis: History, Theory and Methodology. London: SAGE Publications.
  • ROBINS, Garry; Pip PATTİSON ve Peng WANG (2009), “Closure, Connectivity and Degree Distribu-Tions: Exponential Random Graph (P*) Models for Directed Social Networks.” Social Networks 31, 105–117.
  • SARGUT, A. Selami. (2006), Sosyal Sermaye: Yapının Sunduğu Bir Olanak mı, Yoksa Bireyin Amaçlı Eylemi mi? Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6 (12), 1-13.
  • SCOTT, Jacqueline (2000), Social Network Analysis, 2nd Edition, London: SAGE Publications.
  • SIAS, Patricia M; Renee G. HEATH; Tara PERRY; Deborah SILVA ve Bryan FIX (2004), “Narratives of Workplace Friendship Deterioration”. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 21(3), 321–340.
  • SOFAT Kanika; Ravi KIRAN ve Sanjay KAUSHIK (2015), “Management of Organizational Change and its Impact on Commitment: A Study of Select Indian IT Companies”, International Global Business and Management Research Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, 69-87.
  • SÖZEN, H. Cenk; Nejat BASIM, ve Soner GOKTEN (2018), Negative ties and interorganizational dynamics: An alternative paradigm for organizational inquiry. International Conference on Economics and Management of Networks 15-17 November, Havana
  • STEVENSON, William B.; Danna GREENBERG (2000), “Agency and Social Networks: Strategies Of Action In A Social Structure Of Position, Opposition And Opportunity”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 651-678.
  • TAYLOR, HOWARD. F. (1967), “Balance and Change in the Two Person Group.” Sociometry 30(3), 262-279.
  • UZZI, Brian (1996), “Embeddedness and Economic Performance: The Network Effect”, American Sociological Review, 61, 674-698.
  • UZZI, Brian. (1997), “Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
  • VALENZUELA, Ana ve Priya RAGHUBIR (2007), “The Role of Strategy in Mixed-Gender Group Interactions: A Study of The Television Show 'The Weakest Link””, Sex Roles, 57, 293-303.
  • VAN DE VEN, Andrew H. (1976), “On the Nature, Formation and Maintenance of Relations among Organizations.” Academy of Management Review, 1(4), 24-36.
  • VAN DE VEN, Andrew H. ve Marshall S. POOLE (1995), "Explaining Development and Change in Organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, no. 3, 510-540.
  • VENKATARAMANI, Vijaya; Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA, G. J. ve Travis GROSSER (2013), “Positive and Negative Workplace Relationships, Social Satisfaction, And Organizational Attachment.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(6), 1028–1039.
  • WANG, Zhigang ve Warren THORNGATE (2003), “Sentiment and Social Mitosis: Implications of Heider’s Balance Theory.” Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 6(3), 1-2.
  • WASSERMAN, Stanley ve Katherine FAUST (1994), Structural Balance and Transitivity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • WATZLAWICK, Paul; John H. WEAKLAND ve Richard FISCH (1974), Change Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Solution. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • WEICK, Karl. E ve Robert E. QUINN (1999), “Organizational Change and Development.” Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 361–386.
  • WESTPHAL, James D; Ranjay GULATI ve Stephen M. SHORTELL (1997), “Customization or Conformity? An Institutional and Network Perspective on the Content and Consequences of TQM Adoption.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 366-394
  • WILLIAMSON, Oliver. E. (1979), “Transaction cost economics: The governance of contractual relations.” Journal of Law and Economics, 22, 233–262.
  • WISEMAN Jacqueline P ve Steve DUCK (1995), “Having and managing enemies: A very challenging relationships” iç. Steve Duck ve Julia T. Wood, (Ed.), Confronting relationship challenges, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 43–72.
Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 19, 95 - 109, 11.08.2021

Abstract

References

  • ALAN, Hale (2017), “Bilgi Yaratımı Sürecinde Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Bilişim Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Uluslararası Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 12 (2), 111-123
  • ALDRICH, Howard E. (1999), Organizational Evolving, London: Sage Publication Ltd.
  • AMBURGEY, Terry L. ve Hayagreeva RAO (1996), “Organizational ecology: Past, present and future directions”, Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1265-1286.
  • BALDWIN, Timothy T.; Michael D. BEDELL ve Jonathan L. JOHNSON (1997), The Social Fabric of A Team-Based M.B.A. Program: Network Effects On Student Satisfaction and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1369-1397.
  • BASIM, H. Nejat.; Harun ŞEŞEN ve Fatih ÇETIN (2009), “Değişim ve Örgütler”, iç A.Kadir VAROĞLU, ve H. Nejat BASIM (Ed.), Örgütlerde Değişim ve Öğrenme. Ankara: Siyasal Yayınları, 13- 43.
  • BAUM, Joel A.C ve Jitendra V. SINGH (1994), “Organizational hierarchies and evolutionary process”, Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations, New York: Oxford University Press, 3-19.
  • BAUM, Joel. A. C. ve Paul INGRAM, (2002), “Interorganizational Learning and Network Organization: Toward a Behavioral Theory Of The Interfirm”. iç. Mie AUGIER, ve James G. MARCH (Ed.), The Economics of Choice, Change, and Organization: Essays in Memory of Richard M. Cyert. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 191-218.
  • BATTILANA, Julie ve Tizian CASCIARO (2013), “Overcoming Resistance to Organizational Change Strong Ties and Affective Cooptation”, Management Science, 59(4), 819–836.
  • BLAU, Peter. M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley.
  • BONACICH, Phillip ve Paulette LLOYD (2004), “Calculating Status With Negative Relations”, Social Networks, 26(4), 331 - 338.
  • BORGATTI, Stephen. P. ve Pacey C. FOSTER “The Network Paradigm In Organizational Research: A Review And Typology”. Journal of Management, 29(6), 991-1013.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (1981), “Structural Relationships, Job Characteristics, and Worker Satisfaction and Performance”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(3), 331–348.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (2001), “Social Capital and Organizational Leadership”. iç. Stephen. J. ZACARRO ve Richard KLIMOSKI (Ed.), The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series. The Nature Of Organizational Leadership: Understanding The Performance İmperatives Confronting Today's Leaders, Josey-Bass, 132-152.
  • BRASS, Daniel J. (2011), “A Social Network Perspective on Industrial/Organizational Psychology”, Handbook Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, Vol. 1, 107-117.
  • BURNES, Bernard (2004), Managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Organisational Dynamics, 4 th edn. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
  • CSABA, Zoltán László ve Judit PÁL (2010), “How Negative Networks Are Forming and Changing in Time? Theoretical Overview and Empirical Analysis in Two High-school Classes”, Review of Sociology 20(2), 69–95.
  • DAFT, Richard. L. (2005), Management, 6th Edition, . Thomas South Western:Chennai.
  • DILLARD, Joseph P. ve Janie FRITZ, (1995), Interpersonal Relationships And Organizational Performance. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Western Speech Communication Association, Portland OR.
  • DIMAGGIO, Paul J. ve Walter W. POWELL (1983), “Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality In Organizational Fields”. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
  • DRUCKER, Peter F. (1999), 21. Yüzyıl İçin Yönetim Tartışmaları, İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • EASLEY, David ve Jon KLEINBERG (2010), “Positive and Negative Relationships”. Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World. Cambridge University Press, 119-152.
  • EINARSEN, Stale (2000), “Harassment and Bullying at Work. A Review of the Scandinavian Approach” Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379-401.
  • EKEH, Peter. P. (1968), “Issues in Exchange Theory”, Berkeley Journal of Sociology. Vol.13: 42-58.
  • EVERETT, Martin G. ve Stephen. P BORGATTI (2014), “Networks containing negative ties”, Social Networks, Volume 38: 111-120.
  • FEDOR, Donald B.; Steven CALDWEL ve David M. HEROLD (2006), “The Effects of Organizational Changes on Employee Commitment: A Multilevel Investigation”, Personnel Psychology Journal, Vol. 59, No. 1, 1-29.
  • FERREIRA, Manuel. P. ve Sungru ARMAGAN (2011), “Using social networks theory as a complementary perspective to the study of organizational change”. Brazilian Administration Review, 8(2), 168-184.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1973), “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology. 78:6, 1360–380.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1985), “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness”, American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481–510.
  • GRANOVETTER, Mark S. (1992), “Problems of explanation in economic sociology” iç: Nitin NOHRIA, ve Robert G. ECCLES (Ed.), Networks and Organizations, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 25-56.
  • GULATI, Ranjay (1995), “Social Structure And Alliance Formation Patterns: A Longitudinal Analysis”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 619-652.
  • GULATI, Ranjay (1998), “Alliances and networks”. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 293-317.
  • GULATI, Ranjay; Dania A. DIALDIN ve Lihua WANG (2002), “Organizational Networks”. iç. Joel. A. C. BAUM (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell 281-303,
  • GULATI, Ranjay ve Martin GARGIULO (1999), “Where do Interorganizational Networks Come From?” The American Journal of Sociology, 104(5), 1439-1493.
  • HANNAN, Michael T. ve John FREEMAN (1977), “The population ecology of organizations”, American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929-964.
  • HARRIGAN, Nicholas M., Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA ve Filip AGNEESSENS (2020), “Negative Ties And Signed Graphs Research: Stimulating Research On Dissociative Forces In Social Networks”. Social Networks, 60, 1–10.
  • HEIDER, Florian (1946), “Attitudes and Cognitive Organization”, Journal of Psychology, 21, 107-12.
  • HEİDER, Florian (1958), The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley.
  • HUITSING, Gijs; Marijtje, A. J. VAN DUİJN; Tom A.B. SNIJDERS; Peng WANG; Miia SAINIO; Christina SALMIVALLI ve Rene VEENSTRA (2012), “Univariate and Multivariate Models of Positive and Negative Networks: Liking, Disliking, and Bully–victim Relationships”. Social Networks, 34, 645–657
  • KLEIN, Katherine. J.; Beng-Chong LIM; Jessica L. SALTZ ve David M. MAYER (2004), How Do They Get There? An Examination of the Antecedents Of Centrality in Team Networks, Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 952-963.
  • KRACKHARDT, David ve Martin KILDUFF (1999), “Whether Close Or Far: Social Distance Effects On Perceived Balance In Friendship Networks” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 770-782
  • KRACKHARDT, David ve Robert N. STERN (1988), “Informal Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental Simulation”. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51(2), 123–140.
  • LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe) (2014), “Negative Ties in Organizational Networks.” Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks Vol. 40, 239-259. LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe) ve Daniel J. BRASS (2006), “Exploring the Social Ledger: Negative Relationships and Negative Asymmetry in Social Networks in Organizations.” Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 596–614.
  • LABIANCA, Giuseppe (Joe); Daniel J. BRASS ve Barbara GRAY (1998), “Social Networks and Perceptions of Intergroup Conflict: The Role of Negative Relationships and Third Parties.” Academy of Management Journal, 41, 55-67
  • LUNENBURG Fred C. (2010), “Approaches to Managing Organizational Change”, International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-10.
  • MARCH, James G. (1994), Primer On Decision Making: How Decisions Happen. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • MARINEAU, Joshua E. ve Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA (2021), “Positive and Negative Tie Perceptual Accuracy Pollyanna Principle vs. Negative Asymmetry Explanations”. Social Networks, 64, 83–98.
  • MYERS, Piers; Sally HULKS ve Liz WIGGINS (2012), Organizational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
  • MIDDENTS, Gerald J. (1990), “Psychological Perspectives on Enemy-Making”, Organization Development Journal, Summer, 44-48.
  • MORAN, John ve Baird K. BRIGHTMAN (2001), “Leading Organizational Change”, Career Development International, Vol. 6, No. 2, 111-118.
  • MORRISON, Rachel L. ve NOLAN, Terry (2007), “Negative Relationships in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study”, Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 4 (3), 203 – 221.
  • NAEEM, Muhammed (2020), “Using social networking applications to facilitate change implementation processes: insights from organizational change stakeholders.” Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 26 No. 7, 1979-1998.
  • NELSON, Reed E. (1989), “The Strength of Strong Ties: Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict in Organizations”, Academy of Management Journal, 32 (2), 377-401.
  • PEETERS, Guido ve Janusz CZAPINSKI (1990), “Positive-Negative Asymmetry in Evaluations: The Distinction Between Affective and Informational Negativity Effects.” European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 33–60.
  • PFEFFER, Jeffrey ve Gerald R. SALANCIK (1978), The External Control of Organizations. New York: Harper & Row
  • PFEFFER, Jeffrey (1994), Competitive Advantage Through People: Unleashing The Power of Workforce, Boston: Harvard Business School.
  • PIETINALHO, Lauri (2008), “Evolution of interorganizational networks: Evidence from pulp and paper industry in 1992–2006,” Helsinki University of Technology, Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences master thesis
  • PITTAWAY, Luke; Maxine ROBERTSON; Kamal MUNIR; David DENYER ve Andy NEELY (2004), “Networking and Innovation: A Systematic Review Of The Evidence”. International Journal of Management Reviews, 5/6 (3&4), 137-168.
  • PRELL, Christina (2012), Social Network Analysis: History, Theory and Methodology. London: SAGE Publications.
  • ROBINS, Garry; Pip PATTİSON ve Peng WANG (2009), “Closure, Connectivity and Degree Distribu-Tions: Exponential Random Graph (P*) Models for Directed Social Networks.” Social Networks 31, 105–117.
  • SARGUT, A. Selami. (2006), Sosyal Sermaye: Yapının Sunduğu Bir Olanak mı, Yoksa Bireyin Amaçlı Eylemi mi? Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6 (12), 1-13.
  • SCOTT, Jacqueline (2000), Social Network Analysis, 2nd Edition, London: SAGE Publications.
  • SIAS, Patricia M; Renee G. HEATH; Tara PERRY; Deborah SILVA ve Bryan FIX (2004), “Narratives of Workplace Friendship Deterioration”. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 21(3), 321–340.
  • SOFAT Kanika; Ravi KIRAN ve Sanjay KAUSHIK (2015), “Management of Organizational Change and its Impact on Commitment: A Study of Select Indian IT Companies”, International Global Business and Management Research Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, 69-87.
  • SÖZEN, H. Cenk; Nejat BASIM, ve Soner GOKTEN (2018), Negative ties and interorganizational dynamics: An alternative paradigm for organizational inquiry. International Conference on Economics and Management of Networks 15-17 November, Havana
  • STEVENSON, William B.; Danna GREENBERG (2000), “Agency and Social Networks: Strategies Of Action In A Social Structure Of Position, Opposition And Opportunity”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 651-678.
  • TAYLOR, HOWARD. F. (1967), “Balance and Change in the Two Person Group.” Sociometry 30(3), 262-279.
  • UZZI, Brian (1996), “Embeddedness and Economic Performance: The Network Effect”, American Sociological Review, 61, 674-698.
  • UZZI, Brian. (1997), “Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 35-67.
  • VALENZUELA, Ana ve Priya RAGHUBIR (2007), “The Role of Strategy in Mixed-Gender Group Interactions: A Study of The Television Show 'The Weakest Link””, Sex Roles, 57, 293-303.
  • VAN DE VEN, Andrew H. (1976), “On the Nature, Formation and Maintenance of Relations among Organizations.” Academy of Management Review, 1(4), 24-36.
  • VAN DE VEN, Andrew H. ve Marshall S. POOLE (1995), "Explaining Development and Change in Organizations", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, no. 3, 510-540.
  • VENKATARAMANI, Vijaya; Giuseppe (Joe) LABIANCA, G. J. ve Travis GROSSER (2013), “Positive and Negative Workplace Relationships, Social Satisfaction, And Organizational Attachment.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(6), 1028–1039.
  • WANG, Zhigang ve Warren THORNGATE (2003), “Sentiment and Social Mitosis: Implications of Heider’s Balance Theory.” Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 6(3), 1-2.
  • WASSERMAN, Stanley ve Katherine FAUST (1994), Structural Balance and Transitivity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • WATZLAWICK, Paul; John H. WEAKLAND ve Richard FISCH (1974), Change Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Solution. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • WEICK, Karl. E ve Robert E. QUINN (1999), “Organizational Change and Development.” Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 361–386.
  • WESTPHAL, James D; Ranjay GULATI ve Stephen M. SHORTELL (1997), “Customization or Conformity? An Institutional and Network Perspective on the Content and Consequences of TQM Adoption.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 366-394
  • WILLIAMSON, Oliver. E. (1979), “Transaction cost economics: The governance of contractual relations.” Journal of Law and Economics, 22, 233–262.
  • WISEMAN Jacqueline P ve Steve DUCK (1995), “Having and managing enemies: A very challenging relationships” iç. Steve Duck ve Julia T. Wood, (Ed.), Confronting relationship challenges, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 43–72.
There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Rıza Köker 0000-0002-8171-4368

Publication Date August 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Köker, A. R. (2021). SOSYAL AĞLAR VE ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİM İLİŞKİSİNDE OLUMSUZ BAĞLARIN ETKİSİ. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 10(19), 95-109.