İleri Yetişkinlerin Kendi Yaş Gruplarına Yönelik Stereotiplerin Belirlenmesi: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2024, , 532 - 543, 29.10.2024

Bahtım Kütük , Banu Çengelci Özekes

https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1513153

Abstract

İleri yetişkinler stereotiplere en fazla maruz kalan ve bu stereotiplerle baş etmek durumunda olan gruplardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, ileri yetişkinlerin (65+) kendi yaş gruplarına yönelik stereotip düzeylerini belirlemek için bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Türkiye’nin farklı şehirlerinde yaşayan, her hangi bir nörolojik tanısı olmayan 297 katılımcı dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 65 ile 91 arasında değişmektedir (Ort.yaş = 71.66, SS = 6.52). Tamamen gönüllük esasına dayalı bir olan araştırmada veriler anket yöntemi ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Katılımcılara alan yazından faydalanılarak ileri yetişkinlere yönelik oluşturulan dokuz farklı stereotipe ne kadar katılıp katılmadığı sorulmuştur. Verilerin faktör analizine uygunluğunu ve örneklemin yeterliliğini test etmek için Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) katsayısı ve Bartlett Küresellik Testi (BKT) kullanılmıştır. KMO katsayısı (.826) ve BKT'nin anlamlılığı (χ² (36) = 664.204; p < 0.001) ölçeğin faktör analizine uygun olduğunu ve verilerin çok değişkenli normal dağılımdan geldiğini göstermiştir. Gerçekleştirilen AFA sonucunda ölçeğin dokuz maddeden oluşan tek faktörlü bir yapı oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Ölçüm aracının faktör yükleri .32 ile .70 arasında değişmektedir ve maddelerdeki ortak varyansın %40 olduğu görülmektedir. DFA sonuçları da maddelerin tek faktörde toplandığını ve uyum iyiliği değerlerinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir, χ²/SS = 2.682, RMSEA = .075, CFI = 0.932, TLI = .905, SRMR = .042. Cronbach alfa katsayısı ise 0.80 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu ölçeğin ileri yetişkinlerin kendi yaş gruplarına yönelik stereotipleri değerlendirmek için güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğu söylenebilir. Bunun yanında, hem ülkemizde hem de yurt dışında ilk olma özelliğine sahiptir ve ileri yetişkinlere yönelik önyargı ve ayrımcılığın kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmasını ve anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır.,

Keywords

: Faktör analizi, İleri yetişkinlik, Ölçek geliştirme, Stereotipler

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