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The Russia-Ukraine War, Forced Migration and Humanitarian Corridors: An Assessment in the Context of Social Work

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 794 - 805, 30.06.2022

Mehmet Başcıllar , Mustafa Karataş , Merve Deniz Pak Güre

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252
Cited By: 2

Öz

The war between Russia and Ukraine resulted in forced migration, and millions of people had to evacuate their place of residence. The fact that a ceasefire could be unachieved for a long time. The settlements remain the targets of the attacks made the safe evacuation of the civilian population from the conflict area an important agenda. Humanitarian corridors occupy a critical role in the safe departure, humanitarian aid and in the delivery of social services of the war-affected population groups from the region. Social work discipline carries out a crucial role in ensuring the well-being and social functionality of immigrant populations and minimizing human rights violations. This study aims to evaluate the forced migration that occurred as a result of the Russia and Ukraine War in the context of humanitarian corridors and social work. The Social Work for Peace was established to the protection and strengthening of the population affected by the Russia and Ukraine War. These network coordinates professionals and communities and assist the remaining population in the country. This study will shed light of professionals working in the field of humanitarian aid, especially social workers serving in the field of migration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Humanitarian Corridor Russia-Ukraine War Social Work Forced Migration

Kaynakça

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  • 3. IOM. (2022). “IOM Warns of Increased Risk of Trafficking in Persons for People Fleeing Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.iom.int/news/iom-warns-increased-risk-trafficking-persons-people-fleeing-ukraine (Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2022).
  • 4. IOM. (2022). “Ukraine IDP Figures General Population Survey”. Erişim adresi: https://displacement.iom.int/sites/default/files/public/reports/IOM (Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2022).
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  • 6. UNICEF. (2022). “War in Ukraine Poses Immediate Threat to Children”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/war-ukraine-pose-immediate-threat-children (Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2022).
  • 7. Abadan-Unat, N, Bilecen, B. (2020). “The Turkey-Germany Migration Corridor”. In: T. Bastia, R. Skeldon (Ed.). Handbook of Migration and Development ( 458-463). New York: Routledge.
  • 8. Olayo-Méndez, A, Haymes, S, Vidal de Haymes, M. (2014). “Mexican Migration-Corridor Hospitality”. Peace Review, 26 (2), 209-217.
  • 9. Guru, S. (2010). “Social Work and the War on Terror”. British Journal of Social Work, 40 (1), 272-289.
  • 10. Gupta, R, C. (2015). “Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents”. New York: Academic Press.
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Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 794 - 805, 30.06.2022

Mehmet Başcıllar , Mustafa Karataş , Merve Deniz Pak Güre

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252
Cited By: 2

Öz

Rusya ile Ukrayna arasında yaşanan savaş, zorunlu göçle sonuçlanmış, milyonlarca insan yaşadığı yeri terk etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Uzun bir süre ateşkesin sağlanamaması ve yerleşim birimlerinin saldırıların hedefinde olması, sivil nüfusun güvenli tahliyesini önemli bir gündem maddesi haline getirmiştir. Savaştan etkilenen nüfus gruplarının güvenli bir şekilde bölgeden ayrılabilmelerinde, kırılgan grupların insani yardımlarla buluşturulabilmesinde ve sosyal hizmetlerin sunumunda insani koridorlar önemli işlevler üstlenmektedir. Göçmen nüfus gruplarının iyilik halinin ve sosyal işlevselliğinin sağlanmasında, savaşın yol açtığı insan hakkı ihlallerinin asgari düzeye indirgenmesinde sosyal hizmet mesleği önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı neticesinde meydana gelen zorunlu göçün, insani koridorlar özelinde ve sosyal hizmet disiplini bağlamında değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’ndan etkilenen nüfusun korunmasında ve güçlendirilmesinde ortak amaçlar çerçevesinde çalışmaların yapılması için Barış İçin Sosyal Hizmet Ağı kurulmuştur. Bu ağ zorla yerinden edilen mültecilerin ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermenin yanı sıra ülkede kalan nüfusa yardım etmek için profesyonelleri ve toplulukları koordine etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın göç alanında hizmet veren başta sosyal hizmet uzmanları olmak üzere insani yardım alanında tüm çalışan profesyonellerin uygulamalarına ışık tutacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsani Koridor Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı Sosyal Hizmet Zorunlu Göç

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sacchi, C. (2022). “Protection of Perinatal Mental Health During the War in Ukraine”. The Lancet Regional Health Europe, 1-2.
  • 2. OHCHR. (2022). “Ukraine: Civilian Casualty Update”. Erişim adresi: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/03/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2022).
  • 3. IOM. (2022). “IOM Warns of Increased Risk of Trafficking in Persons for People Fleeing Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.iom.int/news/iom-warns-increased-risk-trafficking-persons-people-fleeing-ukraine (Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2022).
  • 4. IOM. (2022). “Ukraine IDP Figures General Population Survey”. Erişim adresi: https://displacement.iom.int/sites/default/files/public/reports/IOM (Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2022).
  • 5. UNFPA. (2022). “Ukraine: Conflict Compounds the Vulnerabilities of Women and Girls as Humanitarian Needs Spiral”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unfpa.org/ukraine-war (Erişim tarihi: 23.03.2022).
  • 6. UNICEF. (2022). “War in Ukraine Poses Immediate Threat to Children”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/war-ukraine-pose-immediate-threat-children (Erişim tarihi: 27.03.2022).
  • 7. Abadan-Unat, N, Bilecen, B. (2020). “The Turkey-Germany Migration Corridor”. In: T. Bastia, R. Skeldon (Ed.). Handbook of Migration and Development ( 458-463). New York: Routledge.
  • 8. Olayo-Méndez, A, Haymes, S, Vidal de Haymes, M. (2014). “Mexican Migration-Corridor Hospitality”. Peace Review, 26 (2), 209-217.
  • 9. Guru, S. (2010). “Social Work and the War on Terror”. British Journal of Social Work, 40 (1), 272-289.
  • 10. Gupta, R, C. (2015). “Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents”. New York: Academic Press.
  • 11. NPR. (2022). “Why Luhansk and Donetsk Are Key to Understanding the Latest Escalation in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.npr.org/2022/02/22/1082345068/why-luhansk-and-donetsk-are-key-to-understanding-the-latest-escalation-in-ukrain (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 12. Forbes. (2022). “Russia Authorizes Putin’s Request for Military Deployment Outside Russia”. Erişim adresi: https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2022/02/22/russia-authorizes-putins-request-for-military-deployment-outside-russia/?sh=1abeceaa47fa (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 13. Bloomberg. (2022). “Ukraine Seeks to Declare Nationwide State of Emergency”. Erişim adresi: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-23/ukraine-seeks-to-declare-nationwide-state-of-emergency-kzzeqqe7 (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 14. DW. (2022). “Russia Launches Massive Invasion of Ukraine as It Happened”. Erişim adresi: https://www.dw.com/en/russia-launches-massive-invasion-of-ukraine-as-it-happened (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 15. New York Times. (2022). “For Ukraine’s Refugees, Europe Opens Doors That Were Shut to Others”. Erişim adresi: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/us/politics/ukraine-europe-refugees (Erişim tarihi: 27.02.2022).
  • 16. BM. (2022). “Security Council Fails to Adopt Draft Resolution on Ending Ukraine Crisis, as Russian Federation Wields Veto”. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sc14808.doc.htm (Erişim tarihi: 26.02.2022).
  • 17. BBC. (2022). “Ukraine Invasion: Kyiv Imposes Curfew amid Sabotage Fears”. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60539122 (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 18. BM. (2022). “More Than Half A Million Have Fled Ukraine, UN Refugee Agency Reports”. Erişim adresi: https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1112872 (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 19. Firstpost. (2022). “Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kherson, Berdyansk, Mariupol: The Significance of the 5 Ukrainian Cities that Russia is Gunning for”. Erişim adresi: https://www.firstpost.com/world/kyiv-kharkiv-kherson-berdyansk-mariupol-the-significance-of-the-5-ukrainian-cities-that-russia-is-gunning-for (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 20. BM. (2022). “General Assembly Resolution Demands End to Russian Offensive in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113152 (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 21. ABC News. (2022). “Second Round of Talks Between Russia and Ukraine End with No Cease-Fire”. Erişim adresi: https://abcnews.go.com/International/2nd-round-talks-russia-ukraine-end-cease-fire/story?id=83226054 (Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2022).
  • 22. Aljazeera. (2022). “Latest Ukraine Updates: Moscow Resumes Offensive on Mariupol”. Erişim adresi: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/4/russia-ukraine-moscow-blocking-access-to-facebook-liveblog (Erişim tarihi: 23.03.2022).
  • 23. Skynews. (2022). “Ukraine War: Mariupol Evacuation Halted Again as Russia 'Regroups Forces”. Erişim adresi: https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-second-attempt-to-evacuate-mariupol-to-begin-as-temporary-ceasefire-announced (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • 24. NTV. (2022). “Rusya ve Ukrayna'dan Antalya Zirvesi”. Erişim adresi: https://www.ntv.com.tr/ukrayna-savasi/rusya-ve-ukraynadan-antalya-zirvesi-lavrov-ve-kuleba-gorustu (Erişim tarihi: 11.03.2022).
  • 25. Yılmaz, A. (2014). “Uluslararası Göç: Çeşitleri, Nedenleri ve Etkileri”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 9 (2), 1686-1705.
  • 26. Alix-Garcia, J, Saah, D. (2010). “The Effect of Refugee Inflows on Host Communities: Evidence From Tanzania”. The World Bank Economic Review, 24 (1), 148-170.
  • 27. Wood, B. (1994). “Forced Migration: Local Conflicts and International Dilemmas”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 84 (4), 607-634.
  • 28. Becker, O, Ferrara, A. (2019). “Consequences of Forced Migration: A Survey of Recent Findings”. Labour Economics, 59, 1-16.
  • 29. Betts, A. (2010). “The Refugee Regime Complex”. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 29 (1), 12-37.
  • 30. Ruiz, I, Vargas-Silva, C. (2013). “The Economics of Forced Migration”. The Journal of Development Studies, 49 (6), 772-784.
  • 31. Gill, N, Caletrío, J, Mason, V. (2011). “Introduction: Mobilities and Forced Migration”. Mobilities. 6 (3), 301-316.
  • 32. Berker, A. (2016). “Zorunlu Göçün Yol Açtığı Refah Kaybının İncelenmesi: Yaşam Memnuniyeti Yaklaşımı”. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 43, 675-706.
  • 33. UNHCR. (2022). “Ukraine Refugee Situation”. Erişim adresi: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine (Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2022).
  • 34. UNFPA. (2022). “Ukraine: Conflict Compounds the Vulnerabilities of Women and Girls as Humanitarian Needs Spiral”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unfpa.org/ukraine-war (Erişim tarihi: 23.03.2022).
  • 35. Karataş, M, Duyan, V. (2021). “Kitlesel Göç, Sosyal Kabullenme ve Uyum Bağlamında Türkmen İşçilerin Deneyimleri”. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18 (42), 5482-5515.
  • 36. Joseph, J, Narendran, V. (2013). “Neither Here Nor There: An Overview of South-South Migration from Both Ends of the Bangladesh-India Migration Corridor”. Rotterdam: ISS.
  • 37. Keygnaert, I, Guieu A. (2015). “What the Eye does not See: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of European Union Policies Addressing Sexual Violence in Vulnerable Migrants”. Reproductive Health Matters, 23 (46), 45-55.
  • 38. Martin, S, Weerasinghe, S, Taylor, A. (2014). “What is Crisis Migration?” Forced Migration Review, (45), 5-6.
  • 39. Perkowski, N. (2016). “Deaths, Interventions, Humanitarianism and Human Rights in the Mediterranean Migration Crisis”. Mediterranean Politics, 21 (2), 331-335.
  • 40. İneli-Ciğer, M. (2016). “Neden Devletler Kitlesel Mülteci Akınlarında Külfet Paylaşımında Bulunurlar?” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 65-110.
  • 41. Terzi, M. (2018). “Yönetilebilir Göç Politikaları ve Külfet Paylaşımı Üzerine: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Örneği”. TESAM Akademi, 5 (1), 203-234.
  • 42. Lava, S., A, Luca, D, Winter, P. (2022). “Please Stop The Russian-Ukrainian War-Children will be More than Grateful”. European Journal of Pediatrics, 1-3.
  • 43. Avrupa Birliği. (2022). “Information for People Fleeing the War in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_en#preparing-to-leave (Erişim tarihi: 23.03.2022).
  • 44. Charnley, H. M, Langa, J. (1994). “Community Based Interventions for Separated Children in Mozambique: The Family Tracing and Reunification Program”. Community Alternatives: International Journal of Family Care, 6 (1), 115-131.
  • 45. OCHA. (2022). “Update on IDP Figures in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/update-idp-figures-ukraine-18-march-2022-enuk (Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2022).
  • 46. Kamali, M. (2016). “War, Violence and Social Justice: Theories for Social Work”. New York: Routledge.
  • 47. Denov, M. (2010). “Coping with the Trauma of War: Former Child Soldiers in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone”. International Social Work, 53 (6), 791-806.
  • 48. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği. (2014). “Savaş ve Ruh Sağlığı”. Erişim adresi: https://psikiyatri.org.tr/1340/tpd-basin-aciklamasi-savas-ve-ruh-sagligi (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 49. Denov, M.C, Shevell, M. (2019). “Social Work Practice with War-Affected Children and Families: The Importance of Family, Culture, Arts, and Participatory Approaches”. Journal of Family Social Work, 22 (1), 1-16.
  • 50. Buila, S. (2010). “The NASW Code of Ethics Under Attack: A Manifestation of the Culture War within the Profession of Social Work”. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 7 (2), 1-8.
  • 51. Chapin, M. (2011). “Family Resilience and the Fortunes of War”. Social Work in Health Care, 50 (7), 527-542.
  • 52. Martz, E. (2010). “Trauma and Rehabilitation After War and Conflict”. New York: Springer.
  • 53. Weinberg, M, Harel, H, Shamani, M. (2017). “War and Well-Being: The Association between Forgiveness, Social Support, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Well-Being During and After War”. Social Work, 62(4), 341-348.
  • 54. Tuncay, T, Akçay, S. (2018). “Terörizmin Psikososyal Etkileri ve Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanının Rolleri”. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 29 (2), 307-334.
  • 55. George, M. (2012). “Migration Traumatic Experiences and Refugee Distress: Implications for Social Work Practice”. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40 (4), 429-437.
  • 56. Levenson, J. (2017). “Trauma-Informed Social Work Practice”. Social Work, 62(2), 105-113.
  • 57. IFSW. (2022). “IFSW Action on Ukraine Crisis”. Erişim adresi: https://www.ifsw.org/ifsw-action-on-ukraine-crisis (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 58. IFSW. (2022). “Military Aggression in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.ifsw.org/military-aggression-in-ukraine (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 59. BASW. (2022). “Call for Social Work Voices on War in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.basw.co.uk/resources/psw-magazine/psw-online/call-social-work-voices-war-ukraine (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 60. Joyner, M. (2022). “NASW Condemns War in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.socialworkers.org/News/News-Releases/ID/2408/NASW-condemns-war-in-Ukraine (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 61. SHUDER. (2022). “Yaşamı Çoğaltmak ve İnsanı Yaşatmak için Savaşa Hayır.” Erişim adresi: http://shuder.org/ukraynasavasi (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 62. Dominell, L. (2022). “Social Work for Peace Profession Responds to the War in Ukraine”. Erişim adresi: https://www.basw.co.uk/resources/psw-magazine/psw-online/social-work-peace-%E2%80%93-profession-responds-war-ukraine (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 63. Preston, R. (2022). “For Some Fleeing Ukraine, The Trauma Will Never End”. Erişim adresi: https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2022/03/15/for-some-fleeing-ukraine-the-trauma-will-never-end (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2022).
  • 64. BBC. (2022). “How Many Ukrainians Have Fled Their Homes and Where Have They Gone?”. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60555472 (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2022).
  • 65. UNICEF. (2022). “Every Single Minute, 55 Children Have Fled Their Country”. Erişim adresi: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/particularly-shocking-every-single-minute-55-children-have-fled-their-country (Erişim tarihi: 21.03.2022).
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Başcıllar 0000-0002-0223-8050

Mustafa Karataş 0000-0002-0998-2552

Merve Deniz Pak Güre 0000-0001-7060-3729

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Başcıllar, M., Karataş, M., & Pak Güre, M. D. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 794-805. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252
AMA Başcıllar M, Karataş M, Pak Güre MD. Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Haziran 2022;11(2):794-805. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252
Chicago Başcıllar, Mehmet, Mustafa Karataş, ve Merve Deniz Pak Güre. “Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç Ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 794-805. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252.
EndNote Başcıllar M, Karataş M, Pak Güre MD (01 Haziran 2022) Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 2 794–805.
IEEE M. Başcıllar, M. Karataş, ve M. D. Pak Güre, “Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme”, Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 794–805, 2022, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252.
ISNAD Başcıllar, Mehmet vd. “Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç Ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/2 (Haziran 2022), 794-805. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252.
JAMA Başcıllar M, Karataş M, Pak Güre MD. Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11:794–805.
MLA Başcıllar, Mehmet vd. “Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç Ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 794-05, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1095252.
Vancouver Başcıllar M, Karataş M, Pak Güre MD. Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, Zorunlu Göç ve İnsani Koridorlar: Sosyal Hizmet Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;11(2):794-805.

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