The Impact of Backpackers' Memorable Dining Experience on Revisit Intention

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 602 - 620, 27.09.2023

Ramazan İnan , Burhan Kılıç , Hakan Urlu

https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1298945

Abstract

The emergence of new touristic products and differentiation in the diversity of existing touristic products generally attract the attention of tourists. Especially the unique foods of the destinations, the preparation and presentation styles of the foods arouse curiosity in tourists. Experiences in these destinations have an important place in memories, which affects the repeated visit to the destination where the experience is experienced. This study aims to determine whether the memorable dining experiences of backpackers in the destinations they visit have an effect on their revisit intention. The population of the study consists of backpacker travelers. However, the population of the study is not known exactly because there are no statistics on backpackers in tourism statistics. Therefore, purposive sampling was preferred because it is suitable for the study problem and it is desired to include people with certain characteristics in the sample. In addition, since the exact number of backpackers is not known and it is difficult to reach these travelers, snowball sampling was preferred and 318 travelers were included in the study. The data of the study were collected over the internet using the survey method and regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses about the study problem. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the local culture, vitality and meaningfulness and knowledge, which wer the dimensions of the memorable dining experience, are effective on the intention to revisit in backpackers.

Keywords

Backpackers, Memorable Food Experience, Revisit Intention

Sırt Çantalı Gezginlerin Unutulmaz Yemek Deneyiminin Tekrar Ziyaret Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Yeni turistik ürünlerin ortaya çıkartılması ve mevcut turistik ürünlerin çeşitliliğindeki farklılaşma genel olarak turistlerin ilgisini çekmektedir. Özellikle destinasyonların kendine has yiyecekleri, yiyeceklerin hazırlanış ve sunum şekilleri turistlerde merak uyandırmaktadır. Bu destinasyonlarda yaşanan deneyimler hatıralarda önemli yer tutmakta bu da tekrarlı olarak deneyim yaşandığı destinasyona ziyareti etkilemektedir. Bu araştırma, sırt çantalı gezginlerin ziyaret ettikleri destinasyonlarda yaşadıkları unutulmaz yemek deneyimlerinin tekrar ziyaret niyeti üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmeye yöneliktir. Araştırmanın evrenini sırt çantalı gezginler oluşturmaktadır. Fakat turizm istatistiklerinde sırt çantalı gezginlere ilişkin herhangi bir istatistik bulunmadığı için araştırmanın evreni tam olarak bilinememektedir. Bu yüzden araştırma sorunsalına uygun olduğu ve belirli özelikleri taşıyan kişileri örnekleme dahil etmek istendiği için amaçlı örneklem tercih edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten sırt çantalı gezginlerin sayısının kesin olarak bilinmemesi ve bu gezginlere ulaşmanın zor olması nedeniyle kartopu örneklem tercih edilerek 318 gezgin araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden anket tekniği ile internet üzerinden toplanmış ve araştırma problemine ilişkin ortaya atılan hipotezlerin testinde regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sırt çantalı gezginlerde unutulmaz yemek deneyimi boyutlarından yerel kültür, zindelik ve anlamlılık ile bilginin tekrar ziyaret niyeti üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Sırt Çantalı Gezginler, Unutulmaz Yemek Deneyimi, Tekrar Ziyaret Niyeti

References

• Adam, I. (2015). Backpackers’ risk perceptions and risk reduction strategies in Ghana. Tourism Management, 49(4), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.016
• Adongo, C. A., Anuga, S. W., & Dayour, F. (2015). Will they tell others to taste? International tourists' experiencen of Ghanaian cuisines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15(3), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.009
• Akkuş, G., & Akkuş, Ç. (2020). Sırt çantalı gezginlerin demografik özellikleri ile kişisel gelişimleri arasındaki farklılığın incelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.595180
• Anton, C., Camarero, C., Laguna, M., & Buhalis, D. (2019). Impacts of authenticity, degree of adaptation and cultural contrast on travelers’ memorable gastronomy experiences. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(7), 743-764. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1564106
• Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. (2004). Theoretical encounters: A review of backpacker literature. The Global Nomad (pp.60-76) içinde. Channel View Publications
• Bernstein, J., (2009). Backpacking in Ecuador: Identify, travel style and motivation [Master Thesis, Linköping University]. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:224717/fulltext03
• Chang, R. C., Kivela, J., & Mak, A. H. (2011). Attributes that influence the evaluation of travel dining experience: when East meets West. Tourism Management, 32(2), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.009
• Chen, G., Bao, J., & Huang, S. (2014). Segmenting Chinese backpackers by travel motivations. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1928
• Cohen, E. (1973). Nomads from affluence: Notes on the phenomenon of drifter-tourism. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 14 (1), 89-103.
• Cohen, E. (2003). Backpacking: Diversity and change. Tourism and Cultural Change, 1(2), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766820308668162
• Cohen, S. A. (2011). Backpacking as a way of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 1535-1555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.002
• Dayour, F., Adongo, C. A., & Taale, F. (2016). Determinants of backpackers` expenditure, Tourism Management Perspectives, 17(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.11.003
• Dayour, F., Kimbu, A. N., & Park, S. (2019). Backpackers: The need for reconceptualisation, Annals of Tourism Research, 66(5), 191-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.06.004
• Di-Clemente, E., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Campón-Cerro, A. M. (2020). Tourists’ involvement and memorable food-based experiences as new determinants of behavioural intentions towards typical products. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18), 2319-2332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1631265
• Elsrud, T. (2001). Risk creation in traveling. Backpacker adventure narration. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 597–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00061-X
• Falconer, E. (2013). Transformations of the backpacking food tourist: Emotions and conflicts. Tourist Studies, 13(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613477769
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (3. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Hall, C. M. (2012). The Contradictions and paradoxes of slow food: Environmental change, sustainability and the conservation of taste. In S. Fullagar, K. Markwell, & E. Wilson (Ed.), Slow Tourism (pp. 53-68). Channel View Publications.
• Harman, S. (2014). Bağımsız Seyahat eden yerli gezginlerin seyahat motivasyonları üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 10(21), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.11122/ijmeb.2014.10.21.527
• Henderson, J. C. (2009). Food tourism reviewed. British Food Journal, 111(4), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910951470
• Horng, J. S., & Tsai, C.T. (2012). Constructing indicators of culinary tourism strategy: An application of resource-based theory. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 29(8), 796–816. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.730945
• Hsu, J. L., Wang, T. C. T., & Huang, P. Y. H. (2014). Motivations for first-time and repeat backpackers in Shanghai. Tourism Management Perspectives, 12(4), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.08.001
• Ignatov, E., & Smith, S. (2006). Segmenting Canadian culinary tourists. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(3), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.2167/cit/229.0
• Kaşlı M., Demirci, B., & Kement, Ü. (2014). Gastronomik deneyimlerin tekrar ziyaret niyetine etkisi: Eskişehir örneği. 15. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Keskin, E., Sezen, N., & Dağ, T. (2020). Unutulmaz turizm deneyimi, müşteri memnuniyeti, tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye etme niyeti arasındaki ilişkiler: Kapadokya bölgesini ziyaret eden turistlere yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 7(2), 239-264. https://doi.org/ 10.31771/jrtr.2020.63
• Kim J–H. (2010). Determining the Factors Affecting the Memorable Nature of Travel Experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(8), 780–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.526897
• Kim, J. H., Ritchie, J. B., & McCormick, B. (2012). Development of a scale to measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728751038546
• Kim, Y. G., & Eves, A. (2012). Construction and validation of a scale to measure tourist motivation to consume local food. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1458-1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.015
• Kivela, J. J., & Crotts, J. C. (2005). Gastronomy Tourism. Journal of Culinary Science ve Technology, 4(2-3), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1300/J385v04n02_03
• Kozak, M. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri (3. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
• Larsen, S., Øgaard, T., & Brun, W. (2011). Backpackers and mainstreamers: Realities and myths. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 690-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.003
• Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie A. J. (2002). A call for greater use of nonparametric statistics. Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Chattanooga, USA.
• Lehto X. Y., O’Leary, J. T., & Morrison A. M. (2004). The effect of prior experience on vacation behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 801–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.02.006
• Leong, A. M. W., Yeh, S., Hsiao, Y., & Huan, T. T. C. (2015). Nostalgia as travel motivation and its impact on tourists’ loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.003
• Lou, X., Brown, G., & Huang, S. (2015). Host perceptions of backpackers: Examining the influence of intergroup contact. Tourism Management, 50(5), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.03.009
• Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in IS research: A comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management Science, 52(12), 1865-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0597
• Maoz, D. (2007). Backpackers’ motivations the role of culture and nationality. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 122-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.07.008
• Markward, A. (2008). Backpackers: Next generation [Doctoral thesis, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand]. https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/435?show=full
• Morgan, M., & Xu, F. (2009). Student travel experiences: Memories and dreams. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 18(2-3), 216-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368620802591967
• Murphy-Loker, L. E., & Pearce, P. (1995). Young Budget Travelers: Backpacker In Australia. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 819-843. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00026-0
• Nash, R., Thyne, M., & Davies, S. (2006). An investigation into customer satisfaction levels in the budget accommodation sector in Scotland: A case study of backpacker tourists and the Scottish Youth Hostels Association. Tourism Management, 27(3), 525-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.01.001
• Newlands, K. (2004). Setting Out on the Road Less Traveled: A Study of Backpacker Travel in New Zealand. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Eds.), The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel In Theory and Practice, (pp. 217–236). Channel View Publications.
• Nok, L. C., Suntikul, W., Agyeiwaah, E., & Tolkach, D. (2017). Backpackers in Hong Kong– motivations, preferences and contribution to sustainable tourism. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 34(8), 1058-1070. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1276008
• O’Regan, M. (2010). Backpacker hostels: Place and performance. Hannam, K. & Diekmann A. (Ed.), Beyond backpacker tourism: Mobilities and experiences (pp. 85-101). Channel View Publications.
• O’Reilly, C. C. (2006). From drifter to gap year tourist: Mainstreaming backpacker travel. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 998-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.04.002
• Ongun, U., Kasalak, M. A., & Akıncı, Z. (2019). Sırt çantalı turistlerin seyahat motivasyonları açısından göller yöresinin kırsal turizm kapsamında değerlendirilmesi. 11th International Conference of Strategic Research on Scientific Studies and Education, Antalya, Turkey.
• Ottenbacher, M. C., & Harrington, R.J. (2013). A case study of a culinary tourism campaign in Germany: implications for strategy making and successful implementation. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 37(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348011413593
• Ölmez, Z. D. (2017). Gastronomi turizminde yerli ziyaretçilerin yöresel yiyeceklere yönelik unutulmaz deneyimlerinin davranışsal niyetleri üzerine etkisi: Seferihisar örneği [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp.
• Paris, C., & Teye, V. (2010). Backpacker motivations: A travel career approach. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 19(3), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368621003591350
• Paris, C. M. (2008). The backpacker market: Targeting a mobile population through online communities [Postgraduate Thesis, Arizona state university]. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/backpacker-market-targeting-mobile-population/docview/304686436/se-2
• Pearce, P. L., & Foster, F. (2007). A “university of travel”: Backpacker learning. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1285-1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.11.009
• Pearce, P. L. (2005). Tourist behaviour: Themes and conceptual schemes. Channel View Publications.
• Pearce, P. L., Murphy, L., & Brymer, E. (2009). Evolution of the backpacker market and the potential for Australian tourism. https://sustain.pata.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/110017-EvolBackpackerMarket-WEB.pdf
• Plummer, R., Telfer, D., Hashimoto, A., & Summers, R. (2005). Beer tourism in Canada along the Waterloo–Wellington ale trail. Tourism Management, 26(3), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.12.002
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
• Quan, S., & Wang, N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: An illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management, 25(3), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00130-4
• Reichel, A., Fuchs, G., & Uriely, N. (2009). Israeli backpackers: The role of destination choice. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 222-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.11.002
• Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2004). The global nomad: Motivations and behavior of independent travelers. In G. Richards and J. Wilson (Ed.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (pp. 14-39). Channel View Publications, Cleveondon.
• Schänzel, H. A., & Lynch, P. A. (2016). Family perspectives on social hospitality dimensions while on holiday. Tourist Studies, 16(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797615594742
• Scheyvens, R. (2002). Backpacker tourism and third world development. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 144–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00030-5
• Slaughter, L. (2004). Profiling the international backpacker market in Australia. In G. Richards & J. Wilson (Ed.), The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice (pp. 168-179). Channel View Publications, Clevedon.
• Sthapit, E. (2017). Exploring tourists’ memorable food experiences: A study of visitors to Santa’s official hometown. Anatolia, 28(3), 404-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1328607
• Sthapit, E. (2018). Is there more to the effects of tourists’ local food consumption on post consumption behaviour? Anatolia, 29(4), 614–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1517655
• Sthapit, E., & Coudounaris, D. N. (2017). Memorable Tourism Experiences: Antecedents and Outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1287003
• Sthapit, E., Piramanayayagam, S., & Björk, P. (2020). Tourists' Motivations, Emotions, and Memorable Local Food Experiences. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 5(1), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.3727/216929720X15968961037881
• Stone, M. J, Soulard, J., Migacz, S., & Wolf, E. (2018). Elements of memorable food, drink, and culinary tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), 1121–1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517729758
• Tsai, C. T. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), 536-548. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2070
• Tsaur, S-H., & Lo, P-C (2020). Measuring memorable dining experiences and related emotions in fine dining restaurants. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 29(8), 887-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1748157
• Tung, V. W. S., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the Essence of Memorable Tourism Experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367-1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
• Uriely, N., Yonay, Y., & Simchai, D. (2002). Backpacking experiences: A type and form analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 520-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00075-5
• Visser, G. (2005). The local development impacts of backpacker tourism: Evidence from the South African experience. Routledge.
• Zaradic, P. A., Pergams, O. R. W., & Kareiva, P. (2009). The impact of nature experience on willingness to support conservation. PLoS One, 4(10), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007367
• Zhang, H., Wu, Y., & Buhalis, D. (2018). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 8(2) 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004