KURUMLAR VE EKONOMİK GELİŞME: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ İLE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 9, 80 - 104, 05.01.2017

Harun Bal , Pınar Özdemir

Abstract

North’un kavramsallaştırması ile "oyunun kuralları" olarak tanımlanan kurumlar, bireylerin davranış
kalıplarını belirleyen kısıtları koyan birer yapı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kısıtlar resmi veya gayri
resmi nitelikte olabilmektedir. İnsan davranışları üzerindeki etkisi her geçen gün daha fazla kabul gören
kurumlar, iktisadi ve siyasi olarak sistemin işleyişini, sistemin kazanan ve kaybedenlerini de belirleme
gücüne sahiptir. Kurumların işleyişi birçok araştırmacı tarafından farklı yönleri ile incelenerek
kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Kurumların gelişmişlik düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini ele alan birçok kuram
geliştirilmiştir. Bu kuramlar, makroekonomik politik ekonomi yaklaşımlarından mikroekonomik işlem
maliyetleri yaklaşımına kadar uzanmaktadır. Literatürde kuramsal çerçevesi tartışılan kurumların
ölçülmesi de kurumların tanım ve işlevleri konusunda uzlaşma sağlanamadığından kısıtlar içeren bir diğer
konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı panel veri analiziyle 127 ülkenin 2006-2010 yılları arasındaki verileri
kullanılarak hangi kurumsal yapının gelişme düzeyi üzerinde etkili olduğunu saptamaktır. Elde edilen
bulgular ülke karakteristiklerinin ve gayrı resmi kurumların etkisine işaret etmektedir. 

Keywords

Kurumlar, Yeni Kurumsal İktisat, İktisadi Gelişme

Institutions and Development: An Assessment with Panel Data

Abstract

Related to North, we can define institutions as "rules of games" which means they put constraints on
individuals’ behaviour. These constraints can be formal as well as informal. Human behaviour being
designed by institutions is a well accepted idea more and more each day. Therefore, it follows that
institutions determine the winners and losers of society in terms of both economic and social features.
This process with its different sides has been investigated by scientists. Several theories have been put
forth to understand these relationships. Institutional theories change from macroeconomic approaches,
which seek political economy, to microeconomic transaction cost approaches between institutions and
development levels. The measurement of instiutions is another area of conflict because of conceptual and
therotical debates. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between development and
institutions using panel data from 127 countries for the years 2005-2010. The results indicate that country
specific qualifications and informal institutions have crucial roles on development.

Keywords

Institutions, New Institutional Economics, Economic Development, Panel Data Analysis

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