Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisi: Kavram ve Literatür Odaklı Bir İnceleme

Year 2021, , 39 - 83, 30.03.2021

Helim Sarı Ertem Aslı Nur Düzgün

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.905751

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Bu makale, Türkiye’de yeterince iyi tanınmayan, ancak Batılı Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) yazınında uzunca bir süredir çalışılan “Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisini” (OGT), çeşitli kavramsal ve pratik tartışmalarla, tanımlayıcı yaklaşımla incelemektedir. Giddens’ın “insanın öz-kimliğinin sürekliliğine ve çevresindeki sosyal ve maddi eylem ortamlarının tutarlılığına duyduğu güven” olarak açıkladığı ontolojik güvenlik; insanlar kadar, toplumların ve devletlerin de yaşamlarındaki rutinler, sosyal etkileşimler ve istikrarla bağlantılıdır. Bu noktada çok sayıda iç ve dış politika eyleminin arka planında ontolojik güvenlik ya da güvensizlik olgusunun yattığı görülmekte; tekrarlayan çatışmalar ve irrasyonel devlet davranışları bu kavram üzerinden sosyo-psikolojik bir altyapı ile incelenebilmektedir. Bu araştırma hem kavrama dair tanımları derinlemesine ele almakta, hem de konuyla ilgili çeşitli vaka analizlerini geniş bir literatür taramasıyla ortaya koymaktadır. Amaç, Türkiye’de Uİ alanında gelecekte yapılacak güvenlik ve dış politika çalışmalarının, bu tartışmalar eşliğinde analitik bir zenginlik kazanmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Öz-kimlik/benlik ve güvenlik ilişkisine dair bulguları ve disiplinlerarası yapısı sayesinde, ontolojik güvenlik yaklaşımı böyle bir potansiyele fazlasıyla sahiptir.

Keywords

Ontolojik Güvenlik Teorisi, Ontolojik Güvensizlik, Öz-kimlik, Rutinler, Kaygı

Ontological Security Theory in the Discipline of International Relations: A Concept- and Literature-Based Review

Abstract

Together with various conceptual and practical discussions, this article descriptively examines the ‘Ontological Security Theory’ (OST), which is not well known enough in Turkey, but has long been studied in the Western International Relations (IR) literature. Ontological security, which is defined by Giddens as the “confidence human beings have in the continuity of their self-identity and in the constancy of the surrounding social and material environments of action”, is linked to the routines, social interactions and stability in the lives of the societies and the states, similar to the individuals. At this point, it is seen that behind many domestic and foreign policy actions, there lies the phenomenon of ontological security or insecurity; and a significant amount of the discussions on the protracted conflicts and the irrational state behaviors can be analysed by means of socio-psychological base via this concept. This research both addresses the definitions of the concept in a deeply manner and presents various case studies related to the issue through a wide literature review. The aim is to contribute to the analytical enrichment of the future IR studies in Turkey on security and foreign policy, through these discussions. Thanks to its interdisciplinary structure and findings on the relationship between self-identity/the self and security, the ontological security approach exceedingly holds such a potential.

Keywords

Ontological Security Theory, Ontological Insecurity, Self-identity, Routines, Anxiety

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