SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA

Kaan Can Uyanık; Songül Çınaroğlu

Review

CROWDFUNDING AS AN ALTERNATIVE FINANCING MODEL IN HEALTH SERVICES

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 279 - 304, 22.03.2023

Kaan Can Uyanık , Songül Çınaroğlu

Abstract

Crowdfunding is an increasingly widespread form of alternative financing in the health sector. By expanding market participation, crowdfunding can raise awareness and raise funds for neglected health issues. It can also benefit the health sector economically by improving access to finance and promoting project accountability and social inclusion. Crowdfunding in healthcare has emerged as a growing area for fundraising opportunities. A number of environmental trends have led to the emergence of fundraising campaigns in healthcare. These trends include the lack of health insurance, the economic reaction following the 2008 financial collapse, and gaps in market regulation in healthcare. The Covid-19 pandemic process has significantly increased the incidence of crowdfunding practices in the healthcare sector. In this study, firstly, the nature and dimensions of the crowdfunding phenomenon are revealed, and crowdfunding practices in health services, which are generally characterised by donation-based crowdfunding practices, are explained. The importance of crowdfunding in healthcare services is also revealed by describing crowdfunding activities in the healthcare sector, which will be discussed with national and international examples. As a result, it has been observed that the importance of crowdfunding applications in health services is increasing worldwide and the economic dimension it covers is growing day by day. In Turkey, it was found that there is no infrastructure for donation-based crowdfunding practices, which are intensively applied especially in healthcare services, and that such funds are collected through associations and are not considered as crowdfunding activities within the scope of the CMB communique. Among the capital-based crowdfunding practices within the scope of the CMB communique, only two campaigns were found to be related to the health sector. In this direction, it is recommended that health policy makers should take the crowdfunding model in health services, which can benefit both the state in terms of financing health and the public in terms of providing benefits, into their agenda and initiate the necessary studies on this issue.

Keywords

Crowdfunding, Crowdfunding in healthcare, Donation-based crowdfunding, Healthcare sector

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SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 279 - 304, 22.03.2023

Kaan Can Uyanık , Songül Çınaroğlu

Abstract

Kitlesel fonlama, sağlık sektöründe giderek yaygınlaşan bir alternatif finansman biçimidir. Kitlesel fonlama, piyasa katılımını genişleterek, ihmal edilen sağlık sorunlarına kaynak oluşturup farkındalığı arttırabilmektedir. Bunun yanında finansmana erişimi iyileştirerek ve proje hesap verebilirliğini ve sosyal katılımı teşvik ederek sağlık sektörüne ekonomik olarak fayda sağlayabilmektedir. Sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlama, bağış toplama fırsatları için büyüyen bir alan olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bazı çevresel eğilimler, sağlık hizmetlerinde fon toplamaya yönelik kampanyaların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu eğilimler arasında sağlık sigortası eksikliği, 2008 finansal çöküşünün ardından gelen ekonomik tepki ve sağlık hizmetlerinde piyasa düzenlemelerindeki eksiklikler yer almaktadır. Covid-19 pandemisi süreci ise sağlık sektörü içerisinde kitlesel fonlama uygulamalarının görülme durumunu oldukça arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle kitlesel fonlama olgusunun doğası ve boyutları ortaya koyularak, genellikle bağış temelli kitlesel fonlama uygulamalarıyla öne çıkan sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlama uygulamaları açıklanmıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası örnekleriyle ele alınacak olan sağlık sektörü içerisindeki kitlesel fonlama faaliyetlerinin anlatımı ile de sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlamanın önemi ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlama uygulamalarının öneminin dünya genelinde giderek arttığı ve kapsadığı ekonomik boyutun her geçen gün büyüdüğü görülmüştür. Türkiye’de ise özellikle sağlık hizmetlerinde yoğun bir şekilde uygulanan bağış temelli kitlesel fonlama uygulamalarıyla ilgili henüz bir altyapı olmadığı, bu tip fonların dernekler aracılığıyla toplandığı ve SPK tebliği kapsamında kitlesel fonlama faaliyetleri olarak değerlendirilmediği bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. SPK tebliği kapsamında bulunan sermaye temelli kitlesel fonlama uygulamalarında ise sağlık sektörüyle ilişkisi bulunan yalnızca iki kampanyaya rastlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda sağlıkta politika belirleyicilerinin hem sağlığın finansmanı konusunda devlete hem de yarar sağlama konusunda halka faydası dokunabilecek olan sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlama modelini gündemlerine almaları ve bu konuyla ilgili gerekli çalışmaları başlatmaları önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Kitlesel fonlama, Sağlık hizmetlerinde kitlesel fonlama, Bağış temelli kitlesel fonlama, Sağlık sektörü

References

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Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T. & Schwienbacher, A., (2014). Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd, Journal of Business Venturing 29(5), 585-609.
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Burtch, G. & Chan, J., (2019). Investigating the relationship between medical crowdfunding and personal bankruptcy in the United States: Evidence of a digital divide, MIS Quarterly, 43(1), 237-262.
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Collins, L. & Pierrakis, Y., (2012). The venture crowd: Crowdfunding equity investments into businesses, Nesta Report (Project Report), London, U.K.
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Dragojlovic, N. & Lynd, L.D., (2014). Crowdfunding drug development: The state of play in oncology and rare diseases, Drug Discov, Today,19 (11), 1775-1780.
Doran, C., Crooks, V. & Snyder, J., (2022). Qualitatively exploring the intersection of health and housing needs in canadian crowdfunding campaigns, BMC Public Health, 22(176).
Durand, W. M., Peters, J. L., Eltorai, A. E. M., Kalagara, S., Osband, A. J. & Daniels, A. H., (2018). Medical crowdfunding for organ transplantation, Clin Transplant, 32(6):e13267.
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Fong, A., Jain, M., Sacks, W., Ho, A. & Chen, Y. F., (2020). Crowdfunding campaigns and thyroid surgery: Who, what, where, and how much?, Journal of Surgical Research, 253, 63-68.
Gerber, E. M., Hui, J. S. & Kuo, P. Y., (2012). Crowdfunding: Why people are motivated to post and fund projects on crowdfunding platforms, In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design, Influence, and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics.
GoFundMe, (2022). GoFundMe kitlesel fonlama platformunun arayüzü, Erişim adresi: https://www.gofundme.com/ (Erişim tarihi 06/2022).
Hemer, J., (2011). A snapshot on crowdfunding, Arbeitspapiere unternehmen und region, Fraunhofer-Institut für System und Innovationsforschung ISI, No:R2, Karlsruhe.
Hemmadi, M., (2015). Equity crowdfunding will soon be legal in Canada. should you jump in?, Canadianbusiness Erişim adresi: https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/investing/equity-crowdfunding-for-canadians/ (Erişim tarihi: 05/2022).
ILO, (2020). Almost 25 million jobs could be lost worldwide as a result of Covid-19, International Labour Organization, Erişim adresi: https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_738742/lang--en/index.htm (Erişim tarihi 06/2022).
Imanulrachman, A., Suciani, A., Kurniawan, F. R., Prisalia, R., Suprapto, S., Shihab, M. R. & Pinem, A. A., (2019). Analysis of crowdfunding platform in encouraging equal health services (a case study of Kitabisa.com), International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), 623-628, DOI: 10.1109/ICIMTech.2019.8843827.
İzmirli Ata, F., (2018). Yeni nesil finansman yöntemi olarak kitle fonlama: Türkiye potansiyeli, MCBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 273 – 296.
Jin, P., (2019). Medical crowdfunding in china: empirics and ethics, Journal of Medical Ethics, 45(8), 538-544.
Joenssen, D. Michaelis, A. & Müllerleile, T., (2014). A link to new product preannouncement: success factors in crowdfunding, Affiliation: Social Science Research Network, 1-22, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2476841.
Kenworthy, N. & Igra, M., (2022). Medical crowdfunding and disparities in health care access in the United States, 2016‒2020, American Journal of Public Health, 112(3), 491-498.
Kickstarter, (2022). Kickstarter kitlesel fonlama platformunun arayüzü, Erişim adresi: https://www.kickstarter.com/ (Erişim tarihi 08/2022).
Kleemann, F., Voss, G. G. & Rieder, K., (2008). Un(der)paid innovators: The commercial utilization of consumer work through crowdsourcing, Science, Technology & Innovation Studies 4(1), 5-26.
Lambert, T. & Schwienbacher, A. (2010). An empirical analysis of crowdfunding, Mimeo. Louvain School of Management, Belgium.
Medicalpark, (2022). Hiperbarik oksijen tedavisi nedir?, Erişim adresi: https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/hiperbarik-oksijen-tedavisi/hg-2658 (Erişim tarihi 06/2022).
Medipol, (2022). Homeopati, Erişim adresi: https://medipol.com.tr/tibbi-birimler/dahili-tip-birimleri/geleneksel-ve-tamamlayici-tip-integratif-tip/homeopati (Erişim tarihi 06/2022).
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Makaleler
Authors	Kaan Can Uyanık 0000-0001-8158-7349 Songül Çınaroğlu 0000-0001-5699-8402
Publication Date	March 22, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

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APA	Uyanık, K. C., & Çınaroğlu, S. (2023). SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 26(1), 279-304.
AMA	Uyanık KC, Çınaroğlu S. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA. HSİD. March 2023;26(1):279-304.
Chicago	Uyanık, Kaan Can, and Songül Çınaroğlu. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 26, no. 1 (March 2023): 279-304.
EndNote	Uyanık KC, Çınaroğlu S (March 1, 2023) SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 26 1 279–304.
IEEE	K. C. Uyanık and S. Çınaroğlu, “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA”, HSİD, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 279–304, 2023.
ISNAD	Uyanık, Kaan Can - Çınaroğlu, Songül. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 26/1 (March 2023), 279-304.
JAMA	Uyanık KC, Çınaroğlu S. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA. HSİD. 2023;26:279–304.
MLA	Uyanık, Kaan Can and Songül Çınaroğlu. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 1, 2023, pp. 279-04.
Vancouver	Uyanık KC, Çınaroğlu S. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ALTERNATİF BİR FİNANSMAN MODELİ OLARAK KİTLESEL FONLAMA. HSİD. 2023;26(1):279-304.

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