The Effect of Improvised Media and Gelling Agents on In Vitro Germination of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L.)

Year 2016, , 223 - 229, 27.10.2016

Allah Bakhsh , Emine Anayol Ayten Kübra Türkmen Sebahattin Özcan

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.259115

Abstract

The significance of cotton can hardly be over emphasized in Turkish economy as it contributes momentously to agricultural value added products.  The success of propagating cotton in in vitro conditions or to modify it genetically largely depends on an efficient, reproducible and cost effective protocol for in vitro germination of seeds, seedlings development and different explant sources. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different media (various sucrose concentrations) and gelling agents (Agar and Phytagel) on in vitro germination and seedling growth of different cotton cultivars. Results showed that MS medium devoid of sucrose contents induced maximum germination rates. The decreased sucrose concentration resulted in increased germination rates. Furthermore, experiments with different concentrations of gelling agents exhibited that MS media supplemented with 0.4 (w/v) % Phytagel results in  induction of maximum in vitro germination rates; leading to robust seedling development suitable for further in vitro propagation experiments. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of increased germination rates of cotton cultivars incubated on MS media without the presence of sucrose; hence MS medium devoid of sucrose and solidified with 0.4% of Phytagel is most suitable for in vitro seed germination of cotton cultivars to obtained healthy seedlings in a shorter period.

Keywords

Azaltılmış sukroz, Geliştirilmiş, Çimlenme, Katılaştırıcı, Ekonomik

References

• Afolabi-Balogun, N.B., Inuwa, H.M., Sani, I., Ishiyaku, M.F., Bakare-Odunola, M.T., Nok, A.J. and Van Emmenes, L. 2011. Expression of mannose-binding insecticidal lectin gene in transgenic cotton (Gossypium) plant. Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 2: 1-7.
• Agrawal, D.C., Banerjee, A.K., Kolala, R.R., Dhage, A.A., Kulkarni, W.V., Nalawade, S.M., Hazra, S., Krishnamurthy, K.V. 2010. In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plant Cell Reports, 16: 647–652.
• Bakhsh, A., Anayol, E., Ozcan, S. 2016. An efficient and cost effective sterilizing method with least microbial contamination and maximum germination ratio for in vitro cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) culture. Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences, 26 (3): 868-873.
• Bakhsh, A., Rao, A.Q., Shahid, A.A., Husnain, T., Riazuddin, S., 2009. Insect resistance and risk assessment studies in advance lines of Bt cotton harboring cry1Ac and cry2A genes. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, 6:1-11
• Bakhsh, A., Siddiq, S., Husnain, T., 2012. A molecular approach to combat spatio-temporal variation in insecticidal gene (Cry1Ac) expression in cotton. Euphytica 183: 65-74.
• Day, S., Aasim, M., Bakhsh, A., 2016. Effects of preconditioning, plant growth regulators and KCl on shoot regeneration of Peanut (Arachis hypogea). Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences, 26: 294-300.
• Doman, D.C., Walker. J.C., Trelease, R.N., Moore, B.D., 1982. Metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid reserves in germinated cotton seeds. Planta, 155: 502-510.
• Firoozabady E., D.L. DeBoer, 1993. Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in many cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In vitro Cellular and Develmental Biology-Plant. 29: 166-173.
• Gould, J., Magallanes-Cedeno, M., 1998. Adaptation of Cotton Shoot Apex Culture to Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 16: 1–10.
• Gupta, S.K., Srivastava, A.K., Pradhyumna, K.S. and Rakesh, T., 1997. In vitro proliferation of shoots and regeneration of cotton. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 51: 149-152.
• Han, G.Y., Wang, X.F., Zhang, G.Y. and Ma, Z.Y., 2009. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of recalcitrant cottons (Gossypium hirsutum). African Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 432-437.
• Huda, K.M.K., Bhuiyan, M.S.R., Zeba, N., Banu, S.A., Mahmud, F., Khatun, A., 2009. Effect of FeSO4 and pH on shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary explants of Tossa Jute. Plant Omics Journal, 2: 190-196.
• Keshamma, E., Rohini, S., Rao, K.S., Madhusudhan, B., Kumar, M., 2008. Tissue culture-independent in planta transformation strategy: an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer method to overcome recalcitrance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Cotton Science, 12: 264–272
• Khan, G.A., Bakhsh, A., Riazuddin, S., Husnain, T., 2011. Introduction of cry1Ab gene into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) enhances resistance against lepidopteran pest (Helicoverpa armigera). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 9: 296–300.
• Lu, C.Y., Chandler, S.F., Vasil, I.K., 1984. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured embryos of rye (Secale cereale L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 115: 237-244.
• Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 474-497.
• Mushke, R., Sultana, T., Pindi, P.K., 2012. High frequency regeneration and multiple shoot induction in indian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3: 1109-1112.
• Özyiğit, İ.İ., Gözükırmızı, N., 2008. High efficiency shoot and root formation from cotyledonary nodes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40: 1665-1672.
• Popelka, S., Altpeter, F. 2001. Interactions between genotypes and culture media components for improved in vitro response of rye (Secale cereale L.) inbred lines. Plant Cell Reports, 20: 5755-5782.
• Rahman, M., Shaheen, T., Tabbasam, N., Iqbal, M.A., Ashraf, M., Zafar, Y., Paterson, A.H., 2012. Cotton genetic resources a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 32:419–432
• Seabrook, J.A., Douglass, L.K., 2001. Somatic embryogenesis on various potato tissues from a range of genotypes and ploidy levels. Plant Cell Reports, 20: 175-182.
• Sun, Y., Zhang, X., Huang, C., Guo, X., Nie, Y., 2006. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from different wild diploid cotton (Gossypium) species. Plant Cell Reports, 25: 289-296.
• Swankar, P., Bohra, S.P., Chandra, N., 1986. Biochemical changes during growth and differentiation of the callus of Solanum surattense. Journal of Plant Physiology, 76: 75-81.
• Trolinder, N.L., Goudin, J.R., 1988. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Effect of source of explant and hormonal regime. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 12: 31-42.