Harran Ovasında Yaygın Bitkilerde Sulama Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, , 432 - 443, 23.12.2019

Yakup Karaaslan , Mehmet Şimşek , Sabri Akın

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.556962

Abstract

Harran Ovası’nda tam kuraklık trendi gösteren lokasyonda 2016
yılında II.ürün mısır ile I.ürün pamuk bitkisinde gönüllülük esasını kabul eden
üretici parsellerinde sulama performansı çalışılmıştır. Yetiştirme mevsiminde,
parsellere uygulanan sulama suyu ve yüzey akışla kaybedilen dönen suların
kanallarda hızları muline ile ölçülmüş, ölçülen değerlerden debi, hacim ve
derinlik cinsinden hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular tarımda aşırı su
tüketimlerinin alışkanlık haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Çiftçiler tüm kültür
bitkilerinde fazla suyun fazla verim getirdiğine inanmaktadır.

Mısır veya pamuk bitkisinin sulanmasında aşırı su kullanımı
ve düşük sulama suyu uygulama randımanın sebepleri sırasıyla; sulama sistemin
tamamının açık kanal şebekesi olması, sulama ücret tarifesinde hacimsel
uygulama (m³) yerine dekar başına (alansal) ücretlendirme
uygulaması, gece sulamalarının kontrolsüz kalması, konvansiyonel sulamaların
tekniğe uygun gerçekleştirilmemesi, kontrolsüz ve aşırı yoğun ve aşırı sulama
uygulamalarına bağlı su kayıpları ve toprak erozyonunun meydana gelmesi gösterilebilir.
Elde edilen
bulgulardan Harran Ovası’nda sulama randımanı %34-38 arasında olduğu
söylenebilir. Sulama suyu kullanım randımanının (IWUE) düşük olması
da bu sebep sonuç ilişkisine bağlanabilir.

Keywords

Harran Ovası, sulama randımanı, mısır, pamuk, sulama suyu kullanım randımanı

Comparison of Irrigation Performance of Common Plants in Harran Plain

Abstract

In
2016, in the location showing a complete drought trend in the Harran Plain,
irrigation performances of cotton (first crop) and maize crops (second crop)
were studied in the volunteered farmer’s parcels. During the growing season,
the flow rates of irrigation water and the wastewater on the channels were
measured with current meter; and then, flow rate, volume and depth of water
were calculated from the measured values. Findings showed that excessive water
consumption became a habit in the region. Farmers believe that the excess water
results in excess yield.

The
reasons for the excessive water consumption and low yield in corn or cotton may
be due to open channel network construction; areal irrigation fee tariff
instead of volumetric based pricing, uncontrolled night irrigations,
conventional irrigation without the desired techniques, the undisciplined wild
irrigation and water losses and soil erosion due to excessive irrigation.
According to the findings, the irrigation efficiency in Harran Plain is between
34-38%. Low water use efficiency can also be attributed to the causal
relationships described above.

Keywords

Harran Plain, irrigation efficiency, corn, cotton, irrigation water use efficiency

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