BUĞDAY ÇEŞİTLERİNDE PROTEİN VE PHENOL İÇERİĞİNİN BİTKİ OLGUNLUĞUNUN BELİRLENMESİNDE BİYOKİMYASAL BELİRLEYİCİ OLARAK KULLANIMI

Year 2010, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 7 - 13, 21.02.2014

Murat Dikilitaş , Nefise Ünsal Abdurrahim Koçyiğit

Abstract

Birinci günden onuncu güne kadar çimlenmekte olan Triticum aestivum cv. Abusbey (ekmeklik) ve T. durum cv Alibaba (makarnalık) buğday çeşitlerinde büyüme durumunu belirlemek için birer gün ara ile toplam fenol ve protein içerikleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, optimum büyüme eğrisini elde etmek için adı geçen parametreler yukarıda bahsedilen çeşitlerin şuruplarından da ölçülmüştür. Değerler Alibaba’çeşidinde Abusbey’e kıyasla her iki metotda da istatistiki olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Protein konsantrasyonu ve fenol içeriğindeki kümülatif artış ekmeklik çeşitte çimlenmenin 7. gününde gerçekleşirken, makarnalık çeşitte 4. gün gibi daha erken bir safhada gerçekleşmiştir. Benzer durum, her iki çeşit için hücre duvarına bağlı çözünmeyen proteinlerde de görülmüştür. Buğdayların çimlenme aşamasında meydana gelen protein ve fenol konsantrasyonlarındaki artışın, oksidatif ve mutajenik etkenlerden kaynaklanan yüksek organizmalara ait hücre zararlarının azaltılmasında muhtemel kullanımı ve mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır

Keywords

Buğday, buğday şurubu, fenol içerikleri, protein belirlenmesi, DNA hasarı, DNA tamiri

USE OF PROTEIN AND PHENOL CONTENTS AS BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS TO MEASURE MATURITY STATUS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS

Abstract

The determination of total phenolic compounds and total protein contents were measured with one day interval up to ten days in germinating wheat cultivars of Triticum aestivum cv. Abusbey
(bread wheat) and T. durum cv Alibaba (durum wheat) to determine the growth stage. The above parameters were also measured in syrups of those cultivars to determine the optimum growth curve. The values were significantly higher in cultivar Alibaba cultivar as compared to Abusbey cultivar in both measurements. The mass accumulation of protein and phenol contents started in the 7th day of germination stage in Abusbey cultivar while those contents were accumulated earlier as the 4th day of germination in Alibaba cultivar. The similar pattern was also observed in cell wall-bound (insoluble) proteins of each cultivar. The mass protein and phenol accumulation in wheat germination stage was discussed for the possible use of wheat and its possible mechanisms to reduce the damage caused by oxidative and mutagenic agents on higher organisms.

Keywords

Wheat, wheat syrup, phenol contents, protein determination, DNA damage, DNA repair

References

• Amici M, Bonfili L, Spina M, Cecarini V, Calzuola I, Marsili V, Angeletti M, Fioretti E, Tacconi R, Gianfranceschi GL, Eleuteri AM. 2008. Wheat sprout extract induces changes on 20S proteasomes functionality Biochimie, 90: 790-801.
• Baublis, A.; Decker, E. A.; Clydesdale, F. M. 2000. Antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from wheat based ready-to-eat breakfast cereals. Food Chemistry, 68, 1−6.
• Bektas, I. 2010. Hücre kültürü ortamında çörek out (Nigella sativa) ve sarımsak (Allium sativum) ekstraktalrının DNA hasarı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi.
• Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of Biochemistry, 136:175-179. Analytical
• Dikilitas, M., Kocyigit, A. ve Yigit, F. 2009. A determine the extent of DNA damages in higher plants and fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (14): 3118-3127.
• Kamran, M., Saleem, N., Umer, Z.N. 2008. Ready-to-eat (RTE) wheat bran breakfast cereal as a high-fiber diet Journal Of Food Processing And Preservation, 32: 853- 867.
• Kocyigit, A., Keles, H., Selek, S., Guzel, S., Celik, H. ve Erel, O. 2005. Increased DNA damage and oxidative stress in patients with Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mutation Research, 585:71-78.
• Kumar A, , Singh NK, Sinha PR, Kumar, R. 2010. Intervention of Acidophilus-casei dahi and Wheat bran against molecular alteration colon in
• carcinogenesis. resistance. Plant Growth
• Onyeneho, S. N.; Hettiarachchy, N. S. 1992. Antioxidant activity of durum wheat bran. Journal Chemistry, 40: 1496−1500. Food and
• Reuveni, M. 1998. Relationships between leaf age, peroxidise, and β-1,3-glucanase activity, and resistance to downy mildew in grapevines. Journal of Phytopathology, 146: 525-530.
• Shetty, K.K., Curtis, O.F., Levin, R.E., Withowsky, R., Ang,W., 1995. Prevention of vitrification associated with in vitro shoot cultures of oregano (Origanum vulgare) by Pseudomona spp. Journal of Plant Physiology, 147, 447–451.
• Triboi E, Martre P, Triboi-Blondel AM. 2003. Environmentally-induced protein composition in developing grains of wheat are related to changes in total protein content. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54: 1731-1742. changes in
• Xie, S.X., Zhang, Q.M., Xiong, X.Y., Carol, L. 2005. Effect of water-deficit stress on plant gene expression. Journal of Hunan Agricultural Sciences), 31(5): 574–579. (Natural
• Yu, L. 2001. Free radical scavenging properties of conjugated linoleic acids. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Chemistry, 49: 3452-3456.
• Zhu, J., Khan, K. 2001. Effects of genotype and environment on glutenin polymers and bread making quality. Cereal Chemistry, 78: 125-130.
• Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, C. L. 2003. Main functional proteins in plant responses to water stress. Acta Sinica, 23(3): 503–508.
• Zielinski, H.; Kozlowska, H. 2000. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal morphological fractions. Agricultural Food and Chemistry, 48: 2008−2016. different Journal of